[dev.boringcrypto.go1.14] all: merge go1.14.15 into dev.boringcrypto.go1.14

Change-Id: I0abd542a4c1cd90c29eb4c65493548af575e07ab

.gitattributes

@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
 # Treat all files in the Go repo as binary, with no git magic updating
-# line endings. This produces predictable results in different environments.
-#
-# Windows users contributing to Go will need to use a modern version
-# of git and editors capable of LF line endings.
-#
-# Windows .bat files are known to have multiple bugs when run with LF
-# endings, and so they are checked in with CRLF endings, with a test
-# in test/winbatch.go to catch problems. (See golang.org/issue/37791.)
+# line endings. Windows users contributing to Go will need to use a
+# modern version of git and editors capable of LF line endings.
 #
 # We'll prevent accidental CRLF line endings from entering the repo
-# via the git-codereview gofmt checks and tests.
+# via the git-review gofmt checks.
 #
-# See golang.org/issue/9281.
+# See golang.org/issue/9281
 
 * -text

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<!--
+Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks!
+For questions please use one of our forums: https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Questions
+-->
+
+### What version of Go are you using (`go version`)?
+
+<pre>
+$ go version
+
+</pre>
+
+### Does this issue reproduce with the latest release?
+
+
+
+### What operating system and processor architecture are you using (`go env`)?
+
+<details><summary><code>go env</code> Output</summary><br><pre>
+$ go env
+
+</pre></details>
+
+### What did you do?
+
+<!--
+If possible, provide a recipe for reproducing the error.
+A complete runnable program is good.
+A link on play.golang.org is best.
+-->
+
+
+
+### What did you expect to see?
+
+
+
+### What did you see instead?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/00-bug.md

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Bugs
-about: The go command, standard library, or anything else
-title: "affected/package: "
----
-
-<!--
-Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks!
--->
-
-### What version of Go are you using (`go version`)?
-
-<pre>
-$ go version
-
-</pre>
-
-### Does this issue reproduce with the latest release?
-
-
-
-### What operating system and processor architecture are you using (`go env`)?
-
-<details><summary><code>go env</code> Output</summary><br><pre>
-$ go env
-
-</pre></details>
-
-### What did you do?
-
-<!--
-If possible, provide a recipe for reproducing the error.
-A complete runnable program is good.
-A link on go.dev/play is best.
--->
-
-
-
-### What did you expect to see?
-
-
-
-### What did you see instead?
-
-

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/01-pkgsite.md

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Pkg.go.dev bugs or feature requests
-about: Issues or feature requests for the documentation site
-title: "x/pkgsite: "
-labels: pkgsite
----
-
-<!--
-Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks!
--->
-
-### What is the URL of the page with the issue?
-
-
-
-### What is your user agent?
-
-<!--
-You can find your user agent here:
-https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+my+user+agent
--->
-
-
-
-### Screenshot
-
-<!--
-Please paste a screenshot of the page.
--->
-
-
-
-### What did you do?
-
-<!--
-If possible, provide a recipe for reproducing the error.
--->
-
-
-
-### What did you expect to see?
-
-
-
-### What did you see instead?
-
-

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/02-pkgsite-removal.md

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Pkg.go.dev package removal request
-about: Request a package be removed from the documentation site (pkg.go.dev)
-title: "x/pkgsite: package removal request for [type path here]"
-labels: pkgsite
----
-
-<!--
-Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks!
--->
-
-### What is the path of the package that you would like to have removed?
-
-<!---
-We can remove packages with a shared path prefix.
-For example, a request for "github.com/author" would remove all pkg.go.dev pages with that package path prefix.
---->
-
-
-
-### Are you the owner of this package?
-
-<!---
-Only the package owners can request to have their packages removed from pkg.go.dev.
---->
-
-
-
-### What is the reason that you could not retract this package instead?
-
-<!---
-If you would like to have your module removed from pkg.go.dev, we recommend that you retract them, so that they can be removed from the go command and proxy.golang.org as well.
-
-Retracting a module version involves adding a retract directive to your go.mod file and publishing a new version. For example: https://github.com/jba/retract-demo/blob/main/go.mod#L5-L8
-
-See https://pkg.go.dev/about#removing-a-package for additional tips on retractions.
---->
-
-

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/03-gopls.md

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Gopls bugs or feature requests
-about: Issues or feature requests for the Go language server (gopls)
-title: "x/tools/gopls: "
-labels: gopls Tools
----
-
-<!--
-Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks!
--->
-
-### gopls version
-
-<!--
-Output of `gopls -v version` on the command line
--->
-
-
-
-### go env
-
-<!--
-Output of `go env` on the command line in your workspace directory
--->
-
-
-### What did you do?
-
-<!--
-If possible, provide a recipe for reproducing the error.
-A complete runnable program is good.
-A link on go.dev/play is better.
-A failing unit test is the best.
--->
-
-
-
-### What did you expect to see?
-
-
-
-### What did you see instead?
-
-
-
-### Editor and settings
-
-<!--
-Your editor and any settings you have configured (for example, your VSCode settings.json file)
--->
-
-
-
-### Logs
-
-<!--
-If possible please include gopls logs. Instructions for capturing them can be found here:
-https://github.com/golang/tools/blob/master/gopls/doc/troubleshooting.md#capture-logs
--->
-
-

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/10-proposal.md

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Proposals
-about: New external API or other notable changes
-title: "proposal: affected/package: "
-labels: Proposal
----
-
-<!--
-Our proposal process is documented here:
-https://go.dev/s/proposal-process
--->
-
-

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/11-language-change.md

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Language Change Proposals
-about: Changes to the language
-title: "proposal: Go 2: "
-labels: Proposal Go2 LanguageChange
----
-
-<!--
-Our process for evaluating language changes can be found here:
-https://go.googlesource.com/proposal/+/refs/heads/master#language-changes
--->
-
-### Author background
-
-- **Would you consider yourself a novice, intermediate, or experienced Go programmer?**
-- **What other languages do you have experience with?**
-
-### Related proposals
-
-- **Has this idea, or one like it, been proposed before?**
-  - **If so, how does this proposal differ?**
-- **Does this affect error handling?**
-  - **If so, how does this differ from previous error handling proposals?**
-- **Is this about generics?**
-  - **If so, how does this relate to the accepted design and other generics proposals?**
-
-### Proposal
-
-- **What is the proposed change?**
-- **Who does this proposal help, and why?**
-- **Please describe as precisely as possible the change to the language.**
-- **What would change in the language spec?**
-- **Please also describe the change informally, as in a class teaching Go.**
-- **Is this change backward compatible?**
-  - Breaking the Go 1 compatibility guarantee is a large cost and requires a large benefit.
-    Show example code before and after the change.
-  - **Before**
-  - **After**
-- **Orthogonality: how does this change interact or overlap with existing features?**
-- **Is the goal of this change a performance improvement?**
-  - **If so, what quantifiable improvement should we expect?**
-  - **How would we measure it?**
-
-### Costs
-
-- **Would this change make Go easier or harder to learn, and why?**
-- **What is the cost of this proposal? (Every language change has a cost).**
-- **How many tools (such as vet, gopls, gofmt, goimports, etc.) would be affected?**
-- **What is the compile time cost?**
-- **What is the run time cost?**
-- **Can you describe a possible implementation?**
-- **Do you have a prototype? (This is not required.)**

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-blank_issues_enabled: false
-contact_links:
-  - name: Questions
-    about: Please use one of the forums for questions or general discussions
-    url:  https://go.dev/wiki/Questions

.github/SUPPORT.md

@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ For asking questions, see:
 
 * [Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/go) with questions tagged "go"
 
-* **IRC** channel #go-nuts on Libera
+* **IRC** channel #go-nuts on Freenode

.gitignore

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ _testmain.go
 /src/cmd/internal/objabi/zbootstrap.go
 /src/go/build/zcgo.go
 /src/go/doc/headscan
-/src/internal/buildcfg/zbootstrap.go
 /src/runtime/internal/sys/zversion.go
 /src/unicode/maketables
 /test.out

AUTHORS

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Aeneas Rekkas (arekkas) <aeneas@ory.am>
 Afanasev Stanislav <phpprogger@gmail.com>
 Agis Anastasopoulos <agis.anast@gmail.com>
 Agniva De Sarker <agnivade@yahoo.co.in>
-Ahmed W. Mones <oneofone@gmail.com>
+Ahmed Wahed <oneofone@gmail.com>
 Ahmet Soormally <ahmet@mangomm.co.uk>
 Ahmy Yulrizka <yulrizka@gmail.com>
 Aiden Scandella <ai@uber.com>
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ Alexei Sholik <alcosholik@gmail.com>
 Alexey Borzenkov <snaury@gmail.com>
 Alexey Neganov <neganovalexey@gmail.com>
 Alexey Palazhchenko <alexey.palazhchenko@gmail.com>
-Alexey Semenyuk <alexsemenyuk88@gmail.com>
 Alexis Hildebrandt <surryhill@gmail.com>
 Ali Rizvi-Santiago <arizvisa@gmail.com>
 Aliaksandr Valialkin <valyala@gmail.com>
@@ -145,7 +144,6 @@ Andy Davis <andy@bigandian.com>
 Andy Finkenstadt <afinkenstadt@zynga.com>
 Andy Lindeman <andy@lindeman.io>
 Andy Maloney <asmaloney@gmail.com>
-Andy Pan <panjf2000@gmail.com> <panjf2000@golangcn.org> <i@andypan.me>
 Andy Walker <walkeraj@gmail.com>
 Anfernee Yongkun Gui <anfernee.gui@gmail.com>
 Angelo Bulfone <mbulfone@gmail.com>
@@ -195,21 +193,20 @@ Ayanamist Yang <ayanamist@gmail.com>
 Aymerick Jéhanne <aymerick@jehanne.org>
 Azat Kaumov <kaumov.a.r@gmail.com>
 Baiju Muthukadan <baiju.m.mail@gmail.com>
-Baokun Lee <nototon@gmail.com> <bk@golangcn.org>
+Baokun Lee <nototon@gmail.com>
 Bartosz Grzybowski <melkorm@gmail.com>
 Bastian Ike <bastian.ike@gmail.com>
 Ben Burkert <ben@benburkert.com>
 Ben Haines <bhainesva@gmail.com>
 Ben Lubar <ben.lubar@gmail.com>
 Ben Olive <sionide21@gmail.com>
-Ben Shi <powerman1st@163.com> <ben.shi@streamcomputing.com>
+Ben Shi <powerman1st@163.com>
 Benjamin Black <b@b3k.us>
 Benjamin Cable <cable.benjamin@gmail.com>
 Benjamin Hsieh <tanookiben@users.noreply.github.com>
 Benny Siegert <bsiegert@gmail.com>
 Benoit Sigoure <tsunanet@gmail.com>
 Berengar Lehr <berengar.lehr@gmx.de>
-Bharath Kumar Uppala <uppala.bharath@gmail.com>
 Bill Zissimopoulos <billziss@navimatics.com>
 Billie Harold Cleek <bhcleek@gmail.com>
 Bjorn Tillenius <bjorn@tillenius.me>
@@ -263,8 +260,6 @@ Casey Callendrello <squeed@gmail.com>
 Casey Marshall <casey.marshall@gmail.com>
 Cezar Sá Espinola <cezarsa@gmail.com>
 ChaiShushan <chaishushan@gmail.com>
-Changkun Ou <hi@changkun.de> <hi@changkun.us>
-Chaoqun Han <hanssccv@gmail.com>
 Charles Fenwick Elliott <Charles@FenwickElliott.io>
 Charles L. Dorian <cldorian@gmail.com>
 Charles Lee <zombie.fml@gmail.com>
@@ -566,11 +561,9 @@ Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@gmail.com>
 Holden Huang <ttyh061@gmail.com>
 Hong Ruiqi <hongruiqi@gmail.com>
 Hongfei Tan <feilengcui008@gmail.com>
-Hootsuite Inc.
 Hsin-Ho Yeh <yhh92u@gmail.com>
 Hu Keping <hukeping@huawei.com>
 Hugues Bruant <hugues.bruant@gmail.com>
-HyperConnect Inc.
 Ian Gudger <ian@loosescre.ws>
 Ian Kent <iankent85@gmail.com>
 IBM
@@ -821,7 +814,6 @@ Lehner Florian <dev@der-flo.net>
 Leigh McCulloch <leighmcc@gmail.com>
 Leo Antunes <leo@costela.net>
 Leon Klingele <git@leonklingele.de>
-Leonard Wang <wangdeyu0907@gmail.com> <wangdeyu@golangcn.org>
 Leonel Quinteros <leonel.quinteros@gmail.com>
 Lev Shamardin <shamardin@gmail.com>
 Lewin Bormann <lewin.bormann@gmail.com>
@@ -829,7 +821,6 @@ Liberty Fund Inc
 Linaro Limited
 Lion Yang <lion@aosc.xyz>
 Lloyd Dewolf <foolswisdom@gmail.com>
-Loongson Technology Corporation Limited
 Lorenzo Masini <rugginoso@develer.com>
 Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
 Luan Santos <cfcluan@gmail.com>
@@ -941,7 +932,7 @@ Maya Rashish <maya@netbsd.org>
 Mayank Kumar <krmayankk@gmail.com>
 MediaMath, Inc
 Meir Fischer <meirfischer@gmail.com>
-Meng Zhuo <mengzhuo1203@gmail.com> <mzh@golangcn.org>
+Meng Zhuo <mengzhuo1203@gmail.com>
 Meteor Development Group
 Mhd Sulhan <m.shulhan@gmail.com>
 Micah Stetson <micah.stetson@gmail.com>
@@ -1021,7 +1012,6 @@ Nathan Youngman <git@nathany.com>
 Nathaniel Cook <nvcook42@gmail.com>
 Naveen Kumar Sangi <naveenkumarsangi@protonmail.com>
 Neelesh Chandola <neelesh.c98@gmail.com>
-Neil Alexander <neilalexander@neilalexander.dev>
 Neil Lyons <nwjlyons@googlemail.com>
 Netflix, Inc.
 Neuman Vong <neuman.vong@gmail.com>
@@ -1052,7 +1042,6 @@ Niels Widger <niels.widger@gmail.com>
 Nigel Kerr <nigel.kerr@gmail.com>
 Nik Nyby <nnyby@columbia.edu>
 Nikhil Benesch <nikhil.benesch@gmail.com>
-Nikita Gillmann <nikita@n0.is> <ng0@n0.is>
 Niklas Schnelle <niklas.schnelle@gmail.com>
 Niko Dziemba <niko@dziemba.com>
 Nikolay Turpitko <nikolay@turpitko.com>
@@ -1149,14 +1138,11 @@ Piers <google@hellopiers.pro>
 Pieter Droogendijk <pieter@binky.org.uk>
 Pietro Gagliardi <pietro10@mac.com>
 Piyush Mishra <piyush@codeitout.com>
-PlanetScale, Inc.
 Platform.sh
 Pontus Leitzler <leitzler@gmail.com>
-Prasanga Siripala <pj@pjebs.com.au>
 Prashant Varanasi <prashant@prashantv.com>
 Pravendra Singh <hackpravj@gmail.com>
 Preetam Jinka <pj@preet.am>
-Qais Patankar <qaisjp@gmail.com>
 Qiuxuan Zhu <ilsh1022@gmail.com>
 Qualcomm Data Center, Inc.
 Quan Tran <qeed.quan@gmail.com>
@@ -1322,7 +1308,6 @@ Szabolcs Nagy <nsz@port70.net>
 Taavi Kivisik <taavi.kivisik@gmail.com>
 Tad Fisher <tadfisher@gmail.com>
 Tad Glines <tad.glines@gmail.com>
-Tailscale Inc.
 Taj Khattra <taj.khattra@gmail.com>
 Takayoshi Nishida <takayoshi.nishida@gmail.com>
 Takeshi YAMANASHI <9.nashi@gmail.com>
@@ -1407,7 +1392,6 @@ Upthere, Inc.
 Uriel Mangado <uriel@berlinblue.org>
 Vadim Grek <vadimprog@gmail.com>
 Vadim Vygonets <unixdj@gmail.com>
-Vee Zhang <veezhang@126.com> <vveezhang@gmail.com>
 Vendasta
 Veselkov Konstantin <kostozyb@gmail.com>
 Victor Vrantchan <vrancean+github@gmail.com>
@@ -1433,9 +1417,7 @@ Wèi Cōngruì <crvv.mail@gmail.com>
 Wei Fu <fhfuwei@163.com>
 Wei Guangjing <vcc.163@gmail.com>
 Weichao Tang <tevic.tt@gmail.com>
-Weixie Cui <cuiweixie@gmail.com> <523516579@qq.com>
 Wembley G. Leach, Jr <wembley.gl@gmail.com>
-Wen Yang <yangwen.yw@gmail.com>
 Will Faught <will.faught@gmail.com>
 Will Storey <will@summercat.com>
 Willem van der Schyff <willemvds@gmail.com>
@@ -1486,10 +1468,8 @@ Zemanta d.o.o.
 Zev Goldstein <zev.goldstein@gmail.com>
 Zheng Dayu <davidzheng23@gmail.com>
 Zhongtao Chen <chenzhongtao@126.com>
-Zhou Guangyuan <zhouguangyuan.xian@gmail.com>
 Zhou Peng <p@ctriple.cn>
 Ziad Hatahet <hatahet@gmail.com>
-Zizhao Zhang <btw515wolf2@gmail.com>
 Zorion Arrizabalaga <zorionk@gmail.com>
 Максим Федосеев <max.faceless.frei@gmail.com>
 Роман Хавроненко <hagen1778@gmail.com>

README.boringcrypto.md

@@ -1,22 +1,16 @@
 # dev.boringcrypto branch
 
-This branch is no more. `GOEXPERIMENT=boringcrypto` on the standard branch does the job now.
-
-Previous notice:
-
 We have been working inside Google on a fork of Go that uses
-BoringCrypto (the core of [BoringSSL][]) for various crypto
-primitives, in furtherance of some [work related to FIPS 140-2][sp].
-We have heard that some external users of Go would be interested in
-this code as well, so this branch holds the patches to make Go use
-BoringCrypto.
-
-[BoringSSL]: https://boringssl.googlesource.com/boringssl/
-[sp]: https://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/media/projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program/documents/security-policies/140sp3678.pdf
+BoringCrypto (the core of [BoringSSL](https://boringssl.googlesource.com/boringssl/)) for various crypto primitives, in
+furtherance of some [work related to FIPS 140-2](http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/documents/140-1/140sp/140sp2964.pdf). We have heard that
+some external users of Go would be interested in this code as well, so
+I intend to create a new branch dev.boringcrypto that will hold
+patches to make Go use BoringCrypto.
 
 Unlike typical dev branches, we do not intend any eventual merge of
 this code into the master branch. Instead we intend to maintain in
-this branch the latest release plus BoringCrypto patches.
+that branch the latest release plus BoringCrypto patches. In this
+sense it is a bit like dev.typealias holding go1.8+type alias patches.
 
 To be clear, we are not making any statements or representations about
 the suitability of this code in relation to the FIPS 140-2 standard.

README.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Go is an open source programming language that makes it easy to build simple,
 reliable, and efficient software.
 
-![Gopher image](https://golang.org/doc/gopher/fiveyears.jpg)
+![Gopher image](doc/gopher/fiveyears.jpg)
 *Gopher image by [Renee French][rf], licensed under [Creative Commons 3.0 Attributions license][cc3-by].*
 
 Our canonical Git repository is located at https://go.googlesource.com/go.
@@ -16,26 +16,28 @@ BSD-style license found in the LICENSE file.
 
 #### Binary Distributions
 
-Official binary distributions are available at https://go.dev/dl/.
+Official binary distributions are available at https://golang.org/dl/.
 
-After downloading a binary release, visit https://go.dev/doc/install
-for installation instructions.
+After downloading a binary release, visit https://golang.org/doc/install
+or load [doc/install.html](./doc/install.html) in your web browser for installation
+instructions.
 
 #### Install From Source
 
 If a binary distribution is not available for your combination of
 operating system and architecture, visit
-https://go.dev/doc/install/source
-for source installation instructions.
+https://golang.org/doc/install/source or load [doc/install-source.html](./doc/install-source.html)
+in your web browser for source installation instructions.
 
 ### Contributing
 
 Go is the work of thousands of contributors. We appreciate your help!
 
-To contribute, please read the contribution guidelines at https://go.dev/doc/contribute.
+To contribute, please read the contribution guidelines:
+	https://golang.org/doc/contribute.html
 
 Note that the Go project uses the issue tracker for bug reports and
-proposals only. See https://go.dev/wiki/Questions for a list of
+proposals only. See https://golang.org/wiki/Questions for a list of
 places to ask questions about the Go language.
 
 [rf]: https://reneefrench.blogspot.com/

SECURITY.md

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 ## Supported Versions
 
-We support the past two Go releases (for example, Go 1.17.x and Go 1.18.x when Go 1.18.x is the latest stable release).
+We support the past two Go releases (for example, Go 1.12.x and Go 1.13.x).
 
-See https://go.dev/wiki/Go-Release-Cycle and in particular the
-[Release Maintenance](https://go.dev/wiki/Go-Release-Cycle#release-maintenance)
+See https://golang.org/wiki/Go-Release-Cycle and in particular the
+[Release Maintenance](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Go-Release-Cycle#release-maintenance)
 part of that page.
 
 ## Reporting a Vulnerability
 
-See https://go.dev/security for how to report a vulnerability.
+See https://golang.org/security for how to report a vulnerability.

api/README

@@ -8,16 +8,6 @@ shipped. Each file adds new lines but does not remove any.
 except.txt lists features that may disappear without breaking true
 compatibility.
 
-Starting with go1.19.txt, each API feature line must end in "#nnnnn"
-giving the GitHub issue number of the proposal issue that accepted
-the new API. This helps with our end-of-cycle audit of new APIs.
-The same requirement applies to next/* (described below), which will
-become a go1.XX.txt for XX >= 19.
-
-The next/ directory contains the only files intended to be mutated.
-Each file in that directory contains a list of features that may be added
-to the next release of Go. The files in this directory only affect the
-warning output from the go api tool. Each file should be named
-nnnnn.txt, after the issue number for the accepted proposal.
-(The #nnnnn suffix must also appear at the end of each line in the file;
-that will be preserved when next/*.txt is concatenated into go1.XX.txt.)
+next.txt is the only file intended to be mutated. It's a list of
+features that may be added to the next version. It only affects
+warning output from the go api tool.

api/except.txt

@@ -1,60 +1,17 @@
 pkg encoding/json, method (*RawMessage) MarshalJSON() ([]uint8, error)
-pkg math, const MaxFloat64 = 1.79769e+308  // 179769313486231570814527423731704356798100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
-pkg math, const SmallestNonzeroFloat32 = 1.4013e-45  // 17516230804060213386546619791123951641/12500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
-pkg math, const SmallestNonzeroFloat64 = 4.94066e-324  // 4940656458412465441765687928682213723651/1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 pkg math/big, const MaxBase = 36
 pkg math/big, type Word uintptr
 pkg net, func ListenUnixgram(string, *UnixAddr) (*UDPConn, error)
-pkg os (linux-arm), const O_SYNC = 1052672
-pkg os (linux-arm), const O_SYNC = 4096
-pkg os (linux-arm-cgo), const O_SYNC = 1052672
-pkg os (linux-arm-cgo), const O_SYNC = 4096
-pkg os, const ModeAppend FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeCharDevice FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeDevice FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeDir FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeExclusive FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeIrregular FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeNamedPipe FileMode
-pkg os, const ModePerm FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeSetgid FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeSetuid FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeSocket FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeSticky FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeSymlink FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeTemporary FileMode
 pkg os, const ModeType = 2399141888
 pkg os, const ModeType = 2399666176
-pkg os, const ModeType FileMode
-pkg os, func Chmod(string, FileMode) error
-pkg os, func Lstat(string) (FileInfo, error)
-pkg os, func Mkdir(string, FileMode) error
-pkg os, func MkdirAll(string, FileMode) error
-pkg os, func OpenFile(string, int, FileMode) (*File, error)
-pkg os, func SameFile(FileInfo, FileInfo) bool
-pkg os, func Stat(string) (FileInfo, error)
-pkg os, method (*File) Chmod(FileMode) error
-pkg os, method (*File) Readdir(int) ([]FileInfo, error)
-pkg os, method (*File) Stat() (FileInfo, error)
-pkg os, method (*PathError) Error() string
-pkg os, method (*PathError) Timeout() bool
-pkg os, method (*PathError) Unwrap() error
-pkg os, method (FileMode) IsDir() bool
-pkg os, method (FileMode) IsRegular() bool
-pkg os, method (FileMode) Perm() FileMode
-pkg os, method (FileMode) String() string
-pkg os, type FileInfo interface { IsDir, ModTime, Mode, Name, Size, Sys }
-pkg os, type FileInfo interface, IsDir() bool
-pkg os, type FileInfo interface, ModTime() time.Time
-pkg os, type FileInfo interface, Mode() FileMode
-pkg os, type FileInfo interface, Name() string
-pkg os, type FileInfo interface, Size() int64
-pkg os, type FileInfo interface, Sys() interface{}
-pkg os, type FileMode uint32
-pkg os, type PathError struct
-pkg os, type PathError struct, Err error
-pkg os, type PathError struct, Op string
-pkg os, type PathError struct, Path string
+pkg os (linux-arm), const O_SYNC = 4096
+pkg os (linux-arm-cgo), const O_SYNC = 4096
+pkg os (linux-arm), const O_SYNC = 1052672
+pkg os (linux-arm-cgo), const O_SYNC = 1052672
+pkg syscall (darwin-386), const ImplementsGetwd = false
+pkg syscall (darwin-386), func Fchflags(string, int) error
+pkg syscall (darwin-386-cgo), const ImplementsGetwd = false
+pkg syscall (darwin-386-cgo), func Fchflags(string, int) error
 pkg syscall (darwin-amd64), const ImplementsGetwd = false
 pkg syscall (darwin-amd64), func Fchflags(string, int) error
 pkg syscall (darwin-amd64-cgo), const ImplementsGetwd = false
@@ -65,72 +22,22 @@ pkg syscall (freebsd-386), const ELAST = 94
 pkg syscall (freebsd-386), const ImplementsGetwd = false
 pkg syscall (freebsd-386), const O_CLOEXEC = 0
 pkg syscall (freebsd-386), func Fchflags(string, int) error
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), func Mknod(string, uint32, int) error
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Dirent struct, Fileno uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Dirent struct, Namlen uint8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Blksize uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Dev uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Gen uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Ino uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Lspare int32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Nlink uint16
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Pad_cgo_0 [8]uint8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Rdev uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Statfs_t struct, Mntfromname [88]int8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Statfs_t struct, Mntonname [88]int8
 pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), const AF_MAX = 38
 pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), const DLT_MATCHING_MAX = 242
 pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), const ELAST = 94
 pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), const ImplementsGetwd = false
 pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), const O_CLOEXEC = 0
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), func Mknod(string, uint32, int) error
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Dirent struct, Fileno uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Dirent struct, Namlen uint8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Blksize uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Dev uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Gen uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Ino uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Lspare int32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Nlink uint16
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Pad_cgo_0 [8]uint8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Rdev uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntfromname [88]int8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntonname [88]int8
 pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), const AF_MAX = 38
 pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), const DLT_MATCHING_MAX = 242
 pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), const ELAST = 94
 pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), const ImplementsGetwd = false
 pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), const O_CLOEXEC = 0
 pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), func Fchflags(string, int) error
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), func Mknod(string, uint32, int) error
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Dirent struct, Fileno uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Dirent struct, Namlen uint8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Blksize uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Dev uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Gen uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Ino uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Lspare int32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Nlink uint16
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Rdev uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Statfs_t struct, Mntfromname [88]int8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Statfs_t struct, Mntonname [88]int8
 pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), const AF_MAX = 38
 pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), const DLT_MATCHING_MAX = 242
 pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), const ELAST = 94
 pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), const ImplementsGetwd = false
 pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), const O_CLOEXEC = 0
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), func Mknod(string, uint32, int) error
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Dirent struct, Fileno uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Dirent struct, Namlen uint8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Blksize uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Dev uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Gen uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Ino uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Lspare int32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Nlink uint16
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Rdev uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntfromname [88]int8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntonname [88]int8
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), const AF_MAX = 38
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), const BIOCGRTIMEOUT = 1074545262
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), const BIOCSRTIMEOUT = 2148287085
@@ -159,22 +66,10 @@ pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), const SizeofSockaddrDatalink = 56
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), const SizeofSockaddrUnix = 108
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), const TIOCTIMESTAMP = 1074558041
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), func Fchflags(string, int) error
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), func Mknod(string, uint32, int) error
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type BpfHdr struct, Pad_cgo_0 [2]uint8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Dirent struct, Fileno uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Dirent struct, Namlen uint8
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type RawSockaddrDatalink struct, Pad_cgo_0 [2]uint8
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type RawSockaddrUnix struct, Pad_cgo_0 [2]uint8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Blksize uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Dev uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Gen uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Ino uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Lspare int32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Nlink uint16
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Pad_cgo_0 [4]uint8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Rdev uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Statfs_t struct, Mntfromname [88]int8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Statfs_t struct, Mntonname [88]int8
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), const AF_MAX = 38
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), const BIOCGRTIMEOUT = 1074545262
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), const BIOCSRTIMEOUT = 2148287085
@@ -203,22 +98,10 @@ pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), const SizeofSockaddrDatalink = 56
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), const SizeofSockaddrUnix = 108
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), const TIOCTIMESTAMP = 1074558041
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), func Fchflags(string, int) error
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), func Mknod(string, uint32, int) error
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type BpfHdr struct, Pad_cgo_0 [2]uint8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Dirent struct, Fileno uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Dirent struct, Namlen uint8
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type RawSockaddrDatalink struct, Pad_cgo_0 [2]uint8
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type RawSockaddrUnix struct, Pad_cgo_0 [2]uint8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Blksize uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Dev uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Gen uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Ino uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Lspare int32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Nlink uint16
 pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Pad_cgo_0 [4]uint8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Rdev uint32
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntfromname [88]int8
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntonname [88]int8
 pkg syscall (linux-386), type Cmsghdr struct, X__cmsg_data [0]uint8
 pkg syscall (linux-386-cgo), type Cmsghdr struct, X__cmsg_data [0]uint8
 pkg syscall (linux-amd64), type Cmsghdr struct, X__cmsg_data [0]uint8
@@ -230,10 +113,10 @@ pkg syscall (netbsd-386-cgo), const ImplementsGetwd = false
 pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64), const ImplementsGetwd = false
 pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const ImplementsGetwd = false
 pkg syscall (netbsd-arm), const ImplementsGetwd = false
+pkg syscall (netbsd-arm-cgo), const ImplementsGetwd = false
 pkg syscall (netbsd-arm), const SizeofIfData = 132
 pkg syscall (netbsd-arm), func Fchflags(string, int) error
 pkg syscall (netbsd-arm), type IfMsghdr struct, Pad_cgo_1 [4]uint8
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm-cgo), const ImplementsGetwd = false
 pkg syscall (netbsd-arm-cgo), const SizeofIfData = 132
 pkg syscall (netbsd-arm-cgo), func Fchflags(string, int) error
 pkg syscall (netbsd-arm-cgo), type IfMsghdr struct, Pad_cgo_1 [4]uint8
@@ -261,7 +144,6 @@ pkg syscall (openbsd-386), const SYS_GETITIMER = 86
 pkg syscall (openbsd-386), const SYS_GETRUSAGE = 117
 pkg syscall (openbsd-386), const SYS_GETTIMEOFDAY = 116
 pkg syscall (openbsd-386), const SYS_KEVENT = 270
-pkg syscall (openbsd-386), const SYS_KILL = 37
 pkg syscall (openbsd-386), const SYS_LSTAT = 293
 pkg syscall (openbsd-386), const SYS_NANOSLEEP = 240
 pkg syscall (openbsd-386), const SYS_SELECT = 93
@@ -315,7 +197,6 @@ pkg syscall (openbsd-386-cgo), const SYS_GETITIMER = 86
 pkg syscall (openbsd-386-cgo), const SYS_GETRUSAGE = 117
 pkg syscall (openbsd-386-cgo), const SYS_GETTIMEOFDAY = 116
 pkg syscall (openbsd-386-cgo), const SYS_KEVENT = 270
-pkg syscall (openbsd-386-cgo), const SYS_KILL = 37
 pkg syscall (openbsd-386-cgo), const SYS_LSTAT = 293
 pkg syscall (openbsd-386-cgo), const SYS_NANOSLEEP = 240
 pkg syscall (openbsd-386-cgo), const SYS_SELECT = 93
@@ -380,7 +261,6 @@ pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64), const SYS_GETITIMER = 86
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64), const SYS_GETRUSAGE = 117
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64), const SYS_GETTIMEOFDAY = 116
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64), const SYS_KEVENT = 270
-pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64), const SYS_KILL = 37
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64), const SYS_LSTAT = 293
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64), const SYS_NANOSLEEP = 240
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64), const SYS_SELECT = 93
@@ -444,7 +324,6 @@ pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const SYS_GETITIMER = 86
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const SYS_GETRUSAGE = 117
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const SYS_GETTIMEOFDAY = 116
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const SYS_KEVENT = 270
-pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const SYS_KILL = 37
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const SYS_LSTAT = 293
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const SYS_NANOSLEEP = 240
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const SYS_SELECT = 93
@@ -473,6 +352,19 @@ pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, F_spare [3]uint32
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Pad_cgo_1 [4]uint8
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), type Timespec struct, Pad_cgo_0 [4]uint8
 pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), type Timespec struct, Sec int32
+pkg testing, func RegisterCover(Cover)
+pkg testing, func MainStart(func(string, string) (bool, error), []InternalTest, []InternalBenchmark, []InternalExample) *M
+pkg text/template/parse, type DotNode bool
+pkg text/template/parse, type Node interface { Copy, String, Type }
+pkg unicode, const Version = "6.2.0"
+pkg unicode, const Version = "6.3.0"
+pkg unicode, const Version = "7.0.0"
+pkg unicode, const Version = "8.0.0"
+pkg syscall (openbsd-386), const SYS_KILL = 37
+pkg syscall (openbsd-386-cgo), const SYS_KILL = 37
+pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64), const SYS_KILL = 37
+pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const SYS_KILL = 37
+pkg unicode, const Version = "9.0.0"
 pkg syscall (windows-386), const TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS = 983295
 pkg syscall (windows-386), type AddrinfoW struct, Addr uintptr
 pkg syscall (windows-386), type CertChainPolicyPara struct, ExtraPolicyPara uintptr
@@ -491,19 +383,80 @@ pkg syscall (windows-amd64), type CertRevocationInfo struct, CrlInfo uintptr
 pkg syscall (windows-amd64), type CertRevocationInfo struct, OidSpecificInfo uintptr
 pkg syscall (windows-amd64), type CertSimpleChain struct, TrustListInfo uintptr
 pkg syscall (windows-amd64), type RawSockaddrAny struct, Pad [96]int8
-pkg testing, func MainStart(func(string, string) (bool, error), []InternalTest, []InternalBenchmark, []InternalExample) *M
-pkg testing, func MainStart(testDeps, []InternalTest, []InternalBenchmark, []InternalExample) *M
-pkg testing, func RegisterCover(Cover)
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386), func Mknod(string, uint32, int) error
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Dirent struct, Fileno uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Dirent struct, Namlen uint8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Blksize uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Dev uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Gen uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Ino uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Lspare int32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Nlink uint16
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Pad_cgo_0 [8]uint8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Rdev uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Statfs_t struct, Mntfromname [88]int8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Statfs_t struct, Mntonname [88]int8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), func Mknod(string, uint32, int) error
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Dirent struct, Fileno uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Dirent struct, Namlen uint8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Blksize uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Dev uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Gen uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Ino uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Lspare int32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Nlink uint16
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Pad_cgo_0 [8]uint8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Rdev uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntfromname [88]int8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntonname [88]int8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), func Mknod(string, uint32, int) error
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Dirent struct, Fileno uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Dirent struct, Namlen uint8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Blksize uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Dev uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Gen uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Ino uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Lspare int32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Nlink uint16
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Stat_t struct, Rdev uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Statfs_t struct, Mntfromname [88]int8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type Statfs_t struct, Mntonname [88]int8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), func Mknod(string, uint32, int) error
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Dirent struct, Fileno uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Dirent struct, Namlen uint8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Blksize uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Dev uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Gen uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Ino uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Lspare int32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Nlink uint16
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Rdev uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntfromname [88]int8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntonname [88]int8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), func Mknod(string, uint32, int) error
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Dirent struct, Fileno uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Dirent struct, Namlen uint8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Blksize uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Dev uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Gen uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Ino uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Lspare int32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Nlink uint16
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Stat_t struct, Rdev uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Statfs_t struct, Mntfromname [88]int8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type Statfs_t struct, Mntonname [88]int8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), func Mknod(string, uint32, int) error
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Dirent struct, Fileno uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Dirent struct, Namlen uint8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Blksize uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Dev uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Gen uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Ino uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Lspare int32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Nlink uint16
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Stat_t struct, Rdev uint32
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntfromname [88]int8
+pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntonname [88]int8
 pkg text/scanner, const GoTokens = 1012
-pkg text/template/parse, type DotNode bool
-pkg text/template/parse, type Node interface { Copy, String, Type }
 pkg unicode, const Version = "10.0.0"
 pkg unicode, const Version = "11.0.0"
-pkg unicode, const Version = "12.0.0"
-pkg unicode, const Version = "6.2.0"
-pkg unicode, const Version = "6.3.0"
-pkg unicode, const Version = "7.0.0"
-pkg unicode, const Version = "8.0.0"
-pkg unicode, const Version = "9.0.0"
-pkg html/template, method (*Template) Funcs(FuncMap) *Template
-pkg html/template, type FuncMap map[string]interface{}

api/go1.1.txt

@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ pkg debug/elf, const ELFCLASSNONE = 0
 pkg debug/elf, const ELFDATA2LSB = 1
 pkg debug/elf, const ELFDATA2MSB = 2
 pkg debug/elf, const ELFDATANONE = 0
-pkg debug/elf, const ELFMAG = "\x7fELF"
+pkg debug/elf, const ELFMAG = "\u007fELF"
 pkg debug/elf, const ELFOSABI_86OPEN = 5
 pkg debug/elf, const ELFOSABI_AIX = 7
 pkg debug/elf, const ELFOSABI_ARM = 97
@@ -2603,34 +2603,7 @@ pkg runtime/debug, type GCStats struct, Pause []time.Duration
 pkg runtime/debug, type GCStats struct, PauseQuantiles []time.Duration
 pkg runtime/debug, type GCStats struct, PauseTotal time.Duration
 pkg sort, func Reverse(Interface) Interface
-pkg strconv (darwin-amd64), const IntSize = 64
-pkg strconv (darwin-amd64-cgo), const IntSize = 64
-pkg strconv (freebsd-386), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (freebsd-386-cgo), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (freebsd-amd64), const IntSize = 64
-pkg strconv (freebsd-amd64-cgo), const IntSize = 64
-pkg strconv (freebsd-arm), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (freebsd-arm-cgo), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (linux-386), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (linux-386-cgo), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (linux-amd64), const IntSize = 64
-pkg strconv (linux-amd64-cgo), const IntSize = 64
-pkg strconv (linux-arm), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (linux-arm-cgo), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (netbsd-386), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (netbsd-386-cgo), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (netbsd-amd64), const IntSize = 64
-pkg strconv (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const IntSize = 64
-pkg strconv (netbsd-arm), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (netbsd-arm-cgo), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (netbsd-arm64), const IntSize = 64
-pkg strconv (netbsd-arm64-cgo), const IntSize = 64
-pkg strconv (openbsd-386), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (openbsd-386-cgo), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (openbsd-amd64), const IntSize = 64
-pkg strconv (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const IntSize = 64
-pkg strconv (windows-386), const IntSize = 32
-pkg strconv (windows-amd64), const IntSize = 64
+pkg strconv, const IntSize = 64
 pkg strings, func TrimPrefix(string, string) string
 pkg strings, func TrimSuffix(string, string) string
 pkg strings, method (*Reader) WriteTo(io.Writer) (int64, error)
@@ -49393,7 +49366,7 @@ pkg syscall (windows-386), const IP_MULTICAST_TTL = 10
 pkg syscall (windows-386), const IP_TOS = 3
 pkg syscall (windows-386), const IP_TTL = 4
 pkg syscall (windows-386), const ImplementsGetwd = true
-pkg syscall (windows-386), const InvalidHandle = 4294967295
+pkg syscall (windows-386), const InvalidHandle = 18446744073709551615
 pkg syscall (windows-386), const KEY_ALL_ACCESS = 983103
 pkg syscall (windows-386), const KEY_CREATE_LINK = 32
 pkg syscall (windows-386), const KEY_CREATE_SUB_KEY = 4

api/go1.15.txt

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-pkg bufio, var ErrBadReadCount error
-pkg crypto, method (Hash) String() string
-pkg crypto/ecdsa, func SignASN1(io.Reader, *PrivateKey, []uint8) ([]uint8, error)
-pkg crypto/ecdsa, func VerifyASN1(*PublicKey, []uint8, []uint8) bool
-pkg crypto/ecdsa, method (*PrivateKey) Equal(crypto.PrivateKey) bool
-pkg crypto/ecdsa, method (*PublicKey) Equal(crypto.PublicKey) bool
-pkg crypto/ed25519, method (PrivateKey) Equal(crypto.PrivateKey) bool
-pkg crypto/ed25519, method (PublicKey) Equal(crypto.PublicKey) bool
-pkg crypto/elliptic, func MarshalCompressed(Curve, *big.Int, *big.Int) []uint8
-pkg crypto/elliptic, func UnmarshalCompressed(Curve, []uint8) (*big.Int, *big.Int)
-pkg crypto/rsa, method (*PrivateKey) Equal(crypto.PrivateKey) bool
-pkg crypto/rsa, method (*PublicKey) Equal(crypto.PublicKey) bool
-pkg crypto/tls, method (*Dialer) Dial(string, string) (net.Conn, error)
-pkg crypto/tls, method (*Dialer) DialContext(context.Context, string, string) (net.Conn, error)
-pkg crypto/tls, method (ClientAuthType) String() string
-pkg crypto/tls, method (CurveID) String() string
-pkg crypto/tls, method (SignatureScheme) String() string
-pkg crypto/tls, type Config struct, VerifyConnection func(ConnectionState) error
-pkg crypto/tls, type Dialer struct
-pkg crypto/tls, type Dialer struct, Config *Config
-pkg crypto/tls, type Dialer struct, NetDialer *net.Dialer
-pkg crypto/x509, func CreateRevocationList(io.Reader, *RevocationList, *Certificate, crypto.Signer) ([]uint8, error)
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, ExtraExtensions []pkix.Extension
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, NextUpdate time.Time
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, Number *big.Int
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, RevokedCertificates []pkix.RevokedCertificate
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, SignatureAlgorithm SignatureAlgorithm
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, ThisUpdate time.Time
-pkg database/sql, method (*DB) SetConnMaxIdleTime(time.Duration)
-pkg database/sql, method (*Row) Err() error
-pkg database/sql, type DBStats struct, MaxIdleTimeClosed int64
-pkg database/sql/driver, type Validator interface { IsValid }
-pkg database/sql/driver, type Validator interface, IsValid() bool
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_APPCONTAINER = 4096
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_APPCONTAINER ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_DYNAMIC_BASE = 64
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_DYNAMIC_BASE ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_FORCE_INTEGRITY = 128
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_FORCE_INTEGRITY ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_GUARD_CF = 16384
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_GUARD_CF ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_HIGH_ENTROPY_VA = 32
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_HIGH_ENTROPY_VA ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_BIND = 2048
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_BIND ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_ISOLATION = 512
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_ISOLATION ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_SEH = 1024
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_SEH ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NX_COMPAT = 256
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NX_COMPAT ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_TERMINAL_SERVER_AWARE = 32768
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_TERMINAL_SERVER_AWARE ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_WDM_DRIVER = 8192
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_WDM_DRIVER ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_32BIT_MACHINE = 256
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_32BIT_MACHINE ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_AGGRESIVE_WS_TRIM = 16
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_AGGRESIVE_WS_TRIM ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_BYTES_REVERSED_HI = 32768
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_BYTES_REVERSED_HI ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_BYTES_REVERSED_LO = 128
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_BYTES_REVERSED_LO ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_STRIPPED = 512
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_STRIPPED ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_DLL = 8192
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_DLL ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE = 2
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE = 32
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_LINE_NUMS_STRIPPED = 4
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_LINE_NUMS_STRIPPED ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_LOCAL_SYMS_STRIPPED = 8
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_LOCAL_SYMS_STRIPPED ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_NET_RUN_FROM_SWAP = 2048
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_NET_RUN_FROM_SWAP ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_RELOCS_STRIPPED = 1
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_RELOCS_STRIPPED ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_REMOVABLE_RUN_FROM_SWAP = 1024
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_REMOVABLE_RUN_FROM_SWAP ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_SYSTEM = 4096
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_SYSTEM ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_UP_SYSTEM_ONLY = 16384
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_UP_SYSTEM_ONLY ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_APPLICATION = 10
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_APPLICATION ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_BOOT_SERVICE_DRIVER = 11
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_BOOT_SERVICE_DRIVER ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_ROM = 13
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_ROM ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_RUNTIME_DRIVER = 12
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_RUNTIME_DRIVER ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE = 1
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE_WINDOWS = 8
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE_WINDOWS ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_OS2_CUI = 5
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_OS2_CUI ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_POSIX_CUI = 7
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_POSIX_CUI ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_UNKNOWN = 0
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_UNKNOWN ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_BOOT_APPLICATION = 16
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_BOOT_APPLICATION ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CE_GUI = 9
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CE_GUI ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CUI = 3
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CUI ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_GUI = 2
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_GUI ideal-int
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_XBOX = 14
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_XBOX ideal-int
-pkg math/big, method (*Int) FillBytes([]uint8) []uint8
-pkg net, method (*Resolver) LookupIP(context.Context, string, string) ([]IP, error)
-pkg net/url, method (*URL) EscapedFragment() string
-pkg net/url, method (*URL) Redacted() string
-pkg net/url, type URL struct, RawFragment string
-pkg os, method (*File) ReadFrom(io.Reader) (int64, error)
-pkg os, var ErrDeadlineExceeded error
-pkg regexp, method (*Regexp) SubexpIndex(string) int
-pkg strconv, func FormatComplex(complex128, uint8, int, int) string
-pkg strconv, func ParseComplex(string, int) (complex128, error)
-pkg sync, method (*Map) LoadAndDelete(interface{}) (interface{}, bool)
-pkg testing, method (*B) TempDir() string
-pkg testing, method (*T) Deadline() (time.Time, bool)
-pkg testing, method (*T) TempDir() string
-pkg testing, type TB interface, TempDir() string
-pkg time, method (*Ticker) Reset(Duration)

api/go1.16.txt

@@ -1,501 +0,0 @@
-pkg archive/zip, method (*ReadCloser) Open(string) (fs.File, error)
-pkg archive/zip, method (*Reader) Open(string) (fs.File, error)
-pkg crypto/x509, method (SystemRootsError) Unwrap() error
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_ADDRRNGHI = 1879047935
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_ADDRRNGHI DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_ADDRRNGLO = 1879047680
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_ADDRRNGLO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_AUDIT = 1879047932
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_AUDIT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_AUXILIARY = 2147483645
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_AUXILIARY DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_CHECKSUM = 1879047672
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_CHECKSUM DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_CONFIG = 1879047930
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_CONFIG DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_DEPAUDIT = 1879047931
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_DEPAUDIT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_FEATURE = 1879047676
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_FEATURE DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_FILTER = 2147483647
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_FILTER DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_FLAGS_1 = 1879048187
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_FLAGS_1 DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_GNU_CONFLICT = 1879047928
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_GNU_CONFLICT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_GNU_CONFLICTSZ = 1879047670
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_GNU_CONFLICTSZ DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_GNU_HASH = 1879047925
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_GNU_HASH DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_GNU_LIBLIST = 1879047929
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_GNU_LIBLIST DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_GNU_LIBLISTSZ = 1879047671
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_GNU_LIBLISTSZ DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_GNU_PRELINKED = 1879047669
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_GNU_PRELINKED DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_AUX_DYNAMIC = 1879048241
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_AUX_DYNAMIC DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_BASE_ADDRESS = 1879048198
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_BASE_ADDRESS DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_COMPACT_SIZE = 1879048239
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_COMPACT_SIZE DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_CONFLICT = 1879048200
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_CONFLICT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_CONFLICTNO = 1879048203
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_CONFLICTNO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_CXX_FLAGS = 1879048226
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_CXX_FLAGS DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_CLASS = 1879048215
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_CLASS DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_CLASSSYM = 1879048224
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_CLASSSYM DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_CLASSSYM_NO = 1879048225
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_CLASSSYM_NO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_CLASS_NO = 1879048216
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_CLASS_NO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_INSTANCE = 1879048217
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_INSTANCE DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_INSTANCE_NO = 1879048218
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_INSTANCE_NO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_RELOC = 1879048219
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_RELOC DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_RELOC_NO = 1879048220
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_RELOC_NO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_SYM = 1879048221
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_SYM DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_SYM_NO = 1879048222
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DELTA_SYM_NO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DYNSTR_ALIGN = 1879048235
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_DYNSTR_ALIGN DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_FLAGS = 1879048197
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_FLAGS DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_GOTSYM = 1879048211
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_GOTSYM DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_GP_VALUE = 1879048240
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_GP_VALUE DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_HIDDEN_GOTIDX = 1879048231
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_HIDDEN_GOTIDX DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_HIPAGENO = 1879048212
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_HIPAGENO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_ICHECKSUM = 1879048195
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_ICHECKSUM DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_INTERFACE = 1879048234
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_INTERFACE DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_INTERFACE_SIZE = 1879048236
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_INTERFACE_SIZE DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_IVERSION = 1879048196
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_IVERSION DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_LIBLIST = 1879048201
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_LIBLIST DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_LIBLISTNO = 1879048208
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_LIBLISTNO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_LOCALPAGE_GOTIDX = 1879048229
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_LOCALPAGE_GOTIDX DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_LOCAL_GOTIDX = 1879048230
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_LOCAL_GOTIDX DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_LOCAL_GOTNO = 1879048202
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_LOCAL_GOTNO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_MSYM = 1879048199
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_MSYM DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_OPTIONS = 1879048233
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_OPTIONS DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_PERF_SUFFIX = 1879048238
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_PERF_SUFFIX DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_PIXIE_INIT = 1879048227
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_PIXIE_INIT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_PLTGOT = 1879048242
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_PLTGOT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_PROTECTED_GOTIDX = 1879048232
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_PROTECTED_GOTIDX DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_RLD_MAP = 1879048214
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_RLD_MAP DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_RLD_MAP_REL = 1879048245
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_RLD_MAP_REL DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_RLD_TEXT_RESOLVE_ADDR = 1879048237
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_RLD_TEXT_RESOLVE_ADDR DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_RLD_VERSION = 1879048193
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_RLD_VERSION DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_RWPLT = 1879048244
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_RWPLT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_SYMBOL_LIB = 1879048228
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_SYMBOL_LIB DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_SYMTABNO = 1879048209
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_SYMTABNO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_TIME_STAMP = 1879048194
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_TIME_STAMP DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_UNREFEXTNO = 1879048210
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MIPS_UNREFEXTNO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MOVEENT = 1879047674
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MOVEENT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MOVESZ = 1879047675
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MOVESZ DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MOVETAB = 1879047934
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_MOVETAB DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PLTPAD = 1879047933
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PLTPAD DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PLTPADSZ = 1879047673
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PLTPADSZ DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_POSFLAG_1 = 1879047677
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_POSFLAG_1 DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PPC64_GLINK = 1879048192
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PPC64_GLINK DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PPC64_OPD = 1879048193
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PPC64_OPD DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PPC64_OPDSZ = 1879048194
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PPC64_OPDSZ DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PPC64_OPT = 1879048195
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PPC64_OPT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PPC_GOT = 1879048192
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PPC_GOT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PPC_OPT = 1879048193
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_PPC_OPT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_RELACOUNT = 1879048185
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_RELACOUNT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_RELCOUNT = 1879048186
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_RELCOUNT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_SPARC_REGISTER = 1879048193
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_SPARC_REGISTER DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_SYMINENT = 1879047679
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_SYMINENT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_SYMINFO = 1879047935
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_SYMINFO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_SYMINSZ = 1879047678
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_SYMINSZ DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_SYMTAB_SHNDX = 34
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_SYMTAB_SHNDX DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_TLSDESC_GOT = 1879047927
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_TLSDESC_GOT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_TLSDESC_PLT = 1879047926
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_TLSDESC_PLT DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_USED = 2147483646
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_USED DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_VALRNGHI = 1879047679
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_VALRNGHI DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_VALRNGLO = 1879047424
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_VALRNGLO DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_VERDEF = 1879048188
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_VERDEF DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_VERDEFNUM = 1879048189
-pkg debug/elf, const DT_VERDEFNUM DynTag
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_AARCH64_ARCHEXT = 1879048192
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_AARCH64_ARCHEXT ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_AARCH64_UNWIND = 1879048193
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_AARCH64_UNWIND ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_ARM_ARCHEXT = 1879048192
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_ARM_ARCHEXT ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_ARM_EXIDX = 1879048193
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_ARM_EXIDX ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_GNU_EH_FRAME = 1685382480
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_GNU_EH_FRAME ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_GNU_MBIND_HI = 1685386580
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_GNU_MBIND_HI ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_GNU_MBIND_LO = 1685382485
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_GNU_MBIND_LO ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_GNU_PROPERTY = 1685382483
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_GNU_PROPERTY ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_GNU_RELRO = 1685382482
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_GNU_RELRO ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_GNU_STACK = 1685382481
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_GNU_STACK ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_MIPS_ABIFLAGS = 1879048195
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_MIPS_ABIFLAGS ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_MIPS_OPTIONS = 1879048194
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_MIPS_OPTIONS ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_MIPS_REGINFO = 1879048192
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_MIPS_REGINFO ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_MIPS_RTPROC = 1879048193
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_MIPS_RTPROC ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_OPENBSD_BOOTDATA = 1705253862
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_OPENBSD_BOOTDATA ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_OPENBSD_RANDOMIZE = 1705237478
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_OPENBSD_RANDOMIZE ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_OPENBSD_WXNEEDED = 1705237479
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_OPENBSD_WXNEEDED ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_PAX_FLAGS = 1694766464
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_PAX_FLAGS ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_S390_PGSTE = 1879048192
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_S390_PGSTE ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_SUNWSTACK = 1879048187
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_SUNWSTACK ProgType
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_SUNW_EH_FRAME = 1685382480
-pkg debug/elf, const PT_SUNW_EH_FRAME ProgType
-pkg embed, method (FS) Open(string) (fs.File, error)
-pkg embed, method (FS) ReadDir(string) ([]fs.DirEntry, error)
-pkg embed, method (FS) ReadFile(string) ([]uint8, error)
-pkg embed, type FS struct
-pkg flag, func Func(string, string, func(string) error)
-pkg flag, method (*FlagSet) Func(string, string, func(string) error)
-pkg go/build, type Package struct, EmbedPatterns []string
-pkg go/build, type Package struct, EmbedPatternPos map[string][]token.Position
-pkg go/build, type Package struct, IgnoredOtherFiles []string
-pkg go/build, type Package struct, TestEmbedPatterns []string
-pkg go/build, type Package struct, TestEmbedPatternPos map[string][]token.Position
-pkg go/build, type Package struct, XTestEmbedPatterns []string
-pkg go/build, type Package struct, XTestEmbedPatternPos map[string][]token.Position
-pkg go/build/constraint, func IsGoBuild(string) bool
-pkg go/build/constraint, func IsPlusBuild(string) bool
-pkg go/build/constraint, func Parse(string) (Expr, error)
-pkg go/build/constraint, func PlusBuildLines(Expr) ([]string, error)
-pkg go/build/constraint, method (*AndExpr) Eval(func(string) bool) bool
-pkg go/build/constraint, method (*AndExpr) String() string
-pkg go/build/constraint, method (*NotExpr) Eval(func(string) bool) bool
-pkg go/build/constraint, method (*NotExpr) String() string
-pkg go/build/constraint, method (*OrExpr) Eval(func(string) bool) bool
-pkg go/build/constraint, method (*OrExpr) String() string
-pkg go/build/constraint, method (*SyntaxError) Error() string
-pkg go/build/constraint, method (*TagExpr) Eval(func(string) bool) bool
-pkg go/build/constraint, method (*TagExpr) String() string
-pkg go/build/constraint, type AndExpr struct
-pkg go/build/constraint, type AndExpr struct, X Expr
-pkg go/build/constraint, type AndExpr struct, Y Expr
-pkg go/build/constraint, type Expr interface, Eval(func(string) bool) bool
-pkg go/build/constraint, type Expr interface, String() string
-pkg go/build/constraint, type Expr interface, unexported methods
-pkg go/build/constraint, type NotExpr struct
-pkg go/build/constraint, type NotExpr struct, X Expr
-pkg go/build/constraint, type OrExpr struct
-pkg go/build/constraint, type OrExpr struct, X Expr
-pkg go/build/constraint, type OrExpr struct, Y Expr
-pkg go/build/constraint, type SyntaxError struct
-pkg go/build/constraint, type SyntaxError struct, Err string
-pkg go/build/constraint, type SyntaxError struct, Offset int
-pkg go/build/constraint, type TagExpr struct
-pkg go/build/constraint, type TagExpr struct, Tag string
-pkg html/template, func ParseFS(fs.FS, ...string) (*Template, error)
-pkg html/template, method (*Template) ParseFS(fs.FS, ...string) (*Template, error)
-pkg io, func NopCloser(Reader) ReadCloser
-pkg io, func ReadAll(Reader) ([]uint8, error)
-pkg io, type ReadSeekCloser interface { Close, Read, Seek }
-pkg io, type ReadSeekCloser interface, Close() error
-pkg io, type ReadSeekCloser interface, Read([]uint8) (int, error)
-pkg io, type ReadSeekCloser interface, Seek(int64, int) (int64, error)
-pkg io, var Discard Writer
-pkg io/fs, const ModeAppend = 1073741824
-pkg io/fs, const ModeAppend FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModeCharDevice = 2097152
-pkg io/fs, const ModeCharDevice FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModeDevice = 67108864
-pkg io/fs, const ModeDevice FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModeDir = 2147483648
-pkg io/fs, const ModeDir FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModeExclusive = 536870912
-pkg io/fs, const ModeExclusive FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModeIrregular = 524288
-pkg io/fs, const ModeIrregular FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModeNamedPipe = 33554432
-pkg io/fs, const ModeNamedPipe FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModePerm = 511
-pkg io/fs, const ModePerm FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModeSetgid = 4194304
-pkg io/fs, const ModeSetgid FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModeSetuid = 8388608
-pkg io/fs, const ModeSetuid FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModeSocket = 16777216
-pkg io/fs, const ModeSocket FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModeSticky = 1048576
-pkg io/fs, const ModeSticky FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModeSymlink = 134217728
-pkg io/fs, const ModeSymlink FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModeTemporary = 268435456
-pkg io/fs, const ModeTemporary FileMode
-pkg io/fs, const ModeType = 2401763328
-pkg io/fs, const ModeType FileMode
-pkg io/fs, func Glob(FS, string) ([]string, error)
-pkg io/fs, func ReadDir(FS, string) ([]DirEntry, error)
-pkg io/fs, func ReadFile(FS, string) ([]uint8, error)
-pkg io/fs, func Stat(FS, string) (FileInfo, error)
-pkg io/fs, func Sub(FS, string) (FS, error)
-pkg io/fs, func ValidPath(string) bool
-pkg io/fs, func WalkDir(FS, string, WalkDirFunc) error
-pkg io/fs, method (*PathError) Error() string
-pkg io/fs, method (*PathError) Timeout() bool
-pkg io/fs, method (*PathError) Unwrap() error
-pkg io/fs, method (FileMode) IsDir() bool
-pkg io/fs, method (FileMode) IsRegular() bool
-pkg io/fs, method (FileMode) Perm() FileMode
-pkg io/fs, method (FileMode) String() string
-pkg io/fs, method (FileMode) Type() FileMode
-pkg io/fs, type DirEntry interface { Info, IsDir, Name, Type }
-pkg io/fs, type DirEntry interface, Info() (FileInfo, error)
-pkg io/fs, type DirEntry interface, IsDir() bool
-pkg io/fs, type DirEntry interface, Name() string
-pkg io/fs, type DirEntry interface, Type() FileMode
-pkg io/fs, type FS interface { Open }
-pkg io/fs, type FS interface, Open(string) (File, error)
-pkg io/fs, type File interface { Close, Read, Stat }
-pkg io/fs, type File interface, Close() error
-pkg io/fs, type File interface, Read([]uint8) (int, error)
-pkg io/fs, type File interface, Stat() (FileInfo, error)
-pkg io/fs, type FileInfo interface { IsDir, ModTime, Mode, Name, Size, Sys }
-pkg io/fs, type FileInfo interface, IsDir() bool
-pkg io/fs, type FileInfo interface, ModTime() time.Time
-pkg io/fs, type FileInfo interface, Mode() FileMode
-pkg io/fs, type FileInfo interface, Name() string
-pkg io/fs, type FileInfo interface, Size() int64
-pkg io/fs, type FileInfo interface, Sys() interface{}
-pkg io/fs, type FileMode uint32
-pkg io/fs, type GlobFS interface { Glob, Open }
-pkg io/fs, type GlobFS interface, Glob(string) ([]string, error)
-pkg io/fs, type GlobFS interface, Open(string) (File, error)
-pkg io/fs, type PathError struct
-pkg io/fs, type PathError struct, Err error
-pkg io/fs, type PathError struct, Op string
-pkg io/fs, type PathError struct, Path string
-pkg io/fs, type ReadDirFS interface { Open, ReadDir }
-pkg io/fs, type ReadDirFS interface, Open(string) (File, error)
-pkg io/fs, type ReadDirFS interface, ReadDir(string) ([]DirEntry, error)
-pkg io/fs, type ReadDirFile interface { Close, Read, ReadDir, Stat }
-pkg io/fs, type ReadDirFile interface, Close() error
-pkg io/fs, type ReadDirFile interface, Read([]uint8) (int, error)
-pkg io/fs, type ReadDirFile interface, ReadDir(int) ([]DirEntry, error)
-pkg io/fs, type ReadDirFile interface, Stat() (FileInfo, error)
-pkg io/fs, type ReadFileFS interface { Open, ReadFile }
-pkg io/fs, type ReadFileFS interface, Open(string) (File, error)
-pkg io/fs, type ReadFileFS interface, ReadFile(string) ([]uint8, error)
-pkg io/fs, type StatFS interface { Open, Stat }
-pkg io/fs, type StatFS interface, Open(string) (File, error)
-pkg io/fs, type StatFS interface, Stat(string) (FileInfo, error)
-pkg io/fs, type SubFS interface { Open, Sub }
-pkg io/fs, type SubFS interface, Open(string) (File, error)
-pkg io/fs, type SubFS interface, Sub(string) (FS, error)
-pkg io/fs, type WalkDirFunc func(string, DirEntry, error) error
-pkg io/fs, var ErrClosed error
-pkg io/fs, var ErrExist error
-pkg io/fs, var ErrInvalid error
-pkg io/fs, var ErrNotExist error
-pkg io/fs, var ErrPermission error
-pkg io/fs, var SkipDir error
-pkg log, func Default() *Logger
-pkg net, var ErrClosed error
-pkg net/http, func FS(fs.FS) FileSystem
-pkg net/http, type Transport struct, GetProxyConnectHeader func(context.Context, *url.URL, string) (Header, error)
-pkg os, const ModeAppend fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeCharDevice fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeDevice fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeDir fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeExclusive fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeIrregular fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeNamedPipe fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModePerm fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeSetgid fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeSetuid fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeSocket fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeSticky fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeSymlink fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeTemporary fs.FileMode
-pkg os, const ModeType fs.FileMode
-pkg os, func Chmod(string, fs.FileMode) error
-pkg os, func CreateTemp(string, string) (*File, error)
-pkg os, func DirFS(string) fs.FS
-pkg os, func Lstat(string) (fs.FileInfo, error)
-pkg os, func Mkdir(string, fs.FileMode) error
-pkg os, func MkdirAll(string, fs.FileMode) error
-pkg os, func MkdirTemp(string, string) (string, error)
-pkg os, func OpenFile(string, int, fs.FileMode) (*File, error)
-pkg os, func ReadDir(string) ([]fs.DirEntry, error)
-pkg os, func ReadFile(string) ([]uint8, error)
-pkg os, func SameFile(fs.FileInfo, fs.FileInfo) bool
-pkg os, func Stat(string) (fs.FileInfo, error)
-pkg os, func WriteFile(string, []uint8, fs.FileMode) error
-pkg os, method (*File) Chmod(fs.FileMode) error
-pkg os, method (*File) ReadDir(int) ([]fs.DirEntry, error)
-pkg os, method (*File) Readdir(int) ([]fs.FileInfo, error)
-pkg os, method (*File) Stat() (fs.FileInfo, error)
-pkg os, type DirEntry = fs.DirEntry
-pkg os, type FileInfo = fs.FileInfo
-pkg os, type FileMode = fs.FileMode
-pkg os, type PathError = fs.PathError
-pkg os, var ErrProcessDone error
-pkg os/signal, func NotifyContext(context.Context, ...os.Signal) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc)
-pkg path/filepath, func WalkDir(string, fs.WalkDirFunc) error
-pkg runtime/metrics, const KindBad = 0
-pkg runtime/metrics, const KindBad ValueKind
-pkg runtime/metrics, const KindFloat64 = 2
-pkg runtime/metrics, const KindFloat64 ValueKind
-pkg runtime/metrics, const KindFloat64Histogram = 3
-pkg runtime/metrics, const KindFloat64Histogram ValueKind
-pkg runtime/metrics, const KindUint64 = 1
-pkg runtime/metrics, const KindUint64 ValueKind
-pkg runtime/metrics, func All() []Description
-pkg runtime/metrics, func Read([]Sample)
-pkg runtime/metrics, method (Value) Float64() float64
-pkg runtime/metrics, method (Value) Float64Histogram() *Float64Histogram
-pkg runtime/metrics, method (Value) Kind() ValueKind
-pkg runtime/metrics, method (Value) Uint64() uint64
-pkg runtime/metrics, type Description struct
-pkg runtime/metrics, type Description struct, Cumulative bool
-pkg runtime/metrics, type Description struct, Description string
-pkg runtime/metrics, type Description struct, Kind ValueKind
-pkg runtime/metrics, type Description struct, Name string
-pkg runtime/metrics, type Float64Histogram struct
-pkg runtime/metrics, type Float64Histogram struct, Buckets []float64
-pkg runtime/metrics, type Float64Histogram struct, Counts []uint64
-pkg runtime/metrics, type Sample struct
-pkg runtime/metrics, type Sample struct, Name string
-pkg runtime/metrics, type Sample struct, Value Value
-pkg runtime/metrics, type Value struct
-pkg runtime/metrics, type ValueKind int
-pkg syscall (linux-386), func AllThreadsSyscall(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg syscall (linux-386), func AllThreadsSyscall6(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg syscall (linux-386), func Setegid(int) error
-pkg syscall (linux-386), func Seteuid(int) error
-pkg syscall (linux-386-cgo), func AllThreadsSyscall(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg syscall (linux-386-cgo), func AllThreadsSyscall6(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg syscall (linux-386-cgo), func Setegid(int) error
-pkg syscall (linux-386-cgo), func Seteuid(int) error
-pkg syscall (linux-amd64), func AllThreadsSyscall(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg syscall (linux-amd64), func AllThreadsSyscall6(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg syscall (linux-amd64), func Setegid(int) error
-pkg syscall (linux-amd64), func Seteuid(int) error
-pkg syscall (linux-amd64-cgo), func AllThreadsSyscall(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg syscall (linux-amd64-cgo), func AllThreadsSyscall6(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg syscall (linux-amd64-cgo), func Setegid(int) error
-pkg syscall (linux-amd64-cgo), func Seteuid(int) error
-pkg syscall (linux-arm), func AllThreadsSyscall(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg syscall (linux-arm), func AllThreadsSyscall6(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg syscall (linux-arm), func Setegid(int) error
-pkg syscall (linux-arm), func Seteuid(int) error
-pkg syscall (linux-arm-cgo), func AllThreadsSyscall(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg syscall (linux-arm-cgo), func AllThreadsSyscall6(uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr, uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg syscall (linux-arm-cgo), func Setegid(int) error
-pkg syscall (linux-arm-cgo), func Seteuid(int) error
-pkg syscall (windows-386), method (*DLLError) Unwrap() error
-pkg syscall (windows-386), type SysProcAttr struct, NoInheritHandles bool
-pkg syscall (windows-amd64), method (*DLLError) Unwrap() error
-pkg syscall (windows-amd64), type SysProcAttr struct, NoInheritHandles bool
-pkg testing/fstest, func TestFS(fs.FS, ...string) error
-pkg testing/fstest, method (MapFS) Glob(string) ([]string, error)
-pkg testing/fstest, method (MapFS) Open(string) (fs.File, error)
-pkg testing/fstest, method (MapFS) ReadDir(string) ([]fs.DirEntry, error)
-pkg testing/fstest, method (MapFS) ReadFile(string) ([]uint8, error)
-pkg testing/fstest, method (MapFS) Stat(string) (fs.FileInfo, error)
-pkg testing/fstest, method (MapFS) Sub(string) (fs.FS, error)
-pkg testing/fstest, type MapFS map[string]*MapFile
-pkg testing/fstest, type MapFile struct
-pkg testing/fstest, type MapFile struct, Data []uint8
-pkg testing/fstest, type MapFile struct, ModTime time.Time
-pkg testing/fstest, type MapFile struct, Mode fs.FileMode
-pkg testing/fstest, type MapFile struct, Sys interface{}
-pkg testing/iotest, func ErrReader(error) io.Reader
-pkg testing/iotest, func TestReader(io.Reader, []uint8) error
-pkg text/template, func ParseFS(fs.FS, ...string) (*Template, error)
-pkg text/template, method (*Template) ParseFS(fs.FS, ...string) (*Template, error)
-pkg text/template/parse, const NodeComment = 20
-pkg text/template/parse, const NodeComment NodeType
-pkg text/template/parse, const ParseComments = 1
-pkg text/template/parse, const ParseComments Mode
-pkg text/template/parse, method (*CommentNode) Copy() Node
-pkg text/template/parse, method (*CommentNode) String() string
-pkg text/template/parse, method (CommentNode) Position() Pos
-pkg text/template/parse, method (CommentNode) Type() NodeType
-pkg text/template/parse, type CommentNode struct
-pkg text/template/parse, type CommentNode struct, Text string
-pkg text/template/parse, type CommentNode struct, embedded NodeType
-pkg text/template/parse, type CommentNode struct, embedded Pos
-pkg text/template/parse, type Mode uint
-pkg text/template/parse, type Tree struct, Mode Mode
-pkg unicode, const Version = "13.0.0"
-pkg unicode, var Chorasmian *RangeTable
-pkg unicode, var Dives_Akuru *RangeTable
-pkg unicode, var Khitan_Small_Script *RangeTable
-pkg unicode, var Yezidi *RangeTable

api/go1.17.txt

@@ -1,276 +0,0 @@
-pkg archive/zip, method (*File) OpenRaw() (io.Reader, error)
-pkg archive/zip, method (*Writer) Copy(*File) error
-pkg archive/zip, method (*Writer) CreateRaw(*FileHeader) (io.Writer, error)
-pkg compress/lzw, method (*Reader) Close() error
-pkg compress/lzw, method (*Reader) Read([]uint8) (int, error)
-pkg compress/lzw, method (*Reader) Reset(io.Reader, Order, int)
-pkg compress/lzw, method (*Writer) Close() error
-pkg compress/lzw, method (*Writer) Reset(io.Writer, Order, int)
-pkg compress/lzw, method (*Writer) Write([]uint8) (int, error)
-pkg compress/lzw, type Reader struct
-pkg compress/lzw, type Writer struct
-pkg crypto/tls, method (*CertificateRequestInfo) Context() context.Context
-pkg crypto/tls, method (*ClientHelloInfo) Context() context.Context
-pkg crypto/tls, method (*Conn) HandshakeContext(context.Context) error
-pkg database/sql, method (*NullByte) Scan(interface{}) error
-pkg database/sql, method (*NullInt16) Scan(interface{}) error
-pkg database/sql, method (NullByte) Value() (driver.Value, error)
-pkg database/sql, method (NullInt16) Value() (driver.Value, error)
-pkg database/sql, type NullByte struct
-pkg database/sql, type NullByte struct, Byte uint8
-pkg database/sql, type NullByte struct, Valid bool
-pkg database/sql, type NullInt16 struct
-pkg database/sql, type NullInt16 struct, Int16 int16
-pkg database/sql, type NullInt16 struct, Valid bool
-pkg debug/elf, const SHT_MIPS_ABIFLAGS = 1879048234
-pkg debug/elf, const SHT_MIPS_ABIFLAGS SectionType
-pkg encoding/csv, method (*Reader) FieldPos(int) (int, int)
-pkg go/build, type Context struct, ToolTags []string
-pkg go/parser, const SkipObjectResolution = 64
-pkg go/parser, const SkipObjectResolution Mode
-pkg image, method (*Alpha) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image, method (*Alpha) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
-pkg image, method (*Alpha16) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image, method (*Alpha16) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
-pkg image, method (*CMYK) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image, method (*CMYK) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
-pkg image, method (*Gray) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image, method (*Gray) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
-pkg image, method (*Gray16) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image, method (*Gray16) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
-pkg image, method (*NRGBA) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image, method (*NRGBA) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
-pkg image, method (*NRGBA64) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image, method (*NRGBA64) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
-pkg image, method (*NYCbCrA) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image, method (*Paletted) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image, method (*Paletted) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
-pkg image, method (*RGBA) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image, method (*RGBA) SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
-pkg image, method (*Uniform) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image, method (*YCbCr) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image, method (Rectangle) RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image, type RGBA64Image interface { At, Bounds, ColorModel, RGBA64At }
-pkg image, type RGBA64Image interface, At(int, int) color.Color
-pkg image, type RGBA64Image interface, Bounds() Rectangle
-pkg image, type RGBA64Image interface, ColorModel() color.Model
-pkg image, type RGBA64Image interface, RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface { At, Bounds, ColorModel, RGBA64At, Set, SetRGBA64 }
-pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface, At(int, int) color.Color
-pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface, Bounds() image.Rectangle
-pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface, ColorModel() color.Model
-pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface, RGBA64At(int, int) color.RGBA64
-pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface, Set(int, int, color.Color)
-pkg image/draw, type RGBA64Image interface, SetRGBA64(int, int, color.RGBA64)
-pkg io/fs, func FileInfoToDirEntry(FileInfo) DirEntry
-pkg math (darwin-amd64), const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
-pkg math (darwin-amd64), const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
-pkg math (darwin-amd64), const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
-pkg math (darwin-amd64-cgo), const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
-pkg math (darwin-amd64-cgo), const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
-pkg math (darwin-amd64-cgo), const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
-pkg math (freebsd-386), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (freebsd-386), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (freebsd-386), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (freebsd-386-cgo), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (freebsd-386-cgo), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (freebsd-386-cgo), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (freebsd-amd64), const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
-pkg math (freebsd-amd64), const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
-pkg math (freebsd-amd64), const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
-pkg math (freebsd-amd64-cgo), const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
-pkg math (freebsd-amd64-cgo), const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
-pkg math (freebsd-amd64-cgo), const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
-pkg math (freebsd-arm), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (freebsd-arm), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (freebsd-arm), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (freebsd-arm-cgo), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (freebsd-arm-cgo), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (freebsd-arm-cgo), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (linux-386), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (linux-386), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (linux-386), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (linux-386-cgo), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (linux-386-cgo), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (linux-386-cgo), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (linux-amd64), const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
-pkg math (linux-amd64), const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
-pkg math (linux-amd64), const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
-pkg math (linux-amd64-cgo), const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
-pkg math (linux-amd64-cgo), const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
-pkg math (linux-amd64-cgo), const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
-pkg math (linux-arm), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (linux-arm), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (linux-arm), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (linux-arm-cgo), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (linux-arm-cgo), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (linux-arm-cgo), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (netbsd-386), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (netbsd-386), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (netbsd-386), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (netbsd-386-cgo), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (netbsd-386-cgo), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (netbsd-386-cgo), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (netbsd-amd64), const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
-pkg math (netbsd-amd64), const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
-pkg math (netbsd-amd64), const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
-pkg math (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
-pkg math (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
-pkg math (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
-pkg math (netbsd-arm), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (netbsd-arm), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (netbsd-arm), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (netbsd-arm-cgo), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (netbsd-arm-cgo), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (netbsd-arm-cgo), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (netbsd-arm64), const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
-pkg math (netbsd-arm64), const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
-pkg math (netbsd-arm64), const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
-pkg math (netbsd-arm64-cgo), const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
-pkg math (netbsd-arm64-cgo), const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
-pkg math (netbsd-arm64-cgo), const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
-pkg math (openbsd-386), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (openbsd-386), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (openbsd-386), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (openbsd-386-cgo), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (openbsd-386-cgo), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (openbsd-386-cgo), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (openbsd-amd64), const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
-pkg math (openbsd-amd64), const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
-pkg math (openbsd-amd64), const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
-pkg math (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
-pkg math (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
-pkg math (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
-pkg math (windows-386), const MaxInt = 2147483647
-pkg math (windows-386), const MaxUint = 4294967295
-pkg math (windows-386), const MinInt = -2147483648
-pkg math (windows-amd64), const MaxInt = 9223372036854775807
-pkg math (windows-amd64), const MaxUint = 18446744073709551615
-pkg math (windows-amd64), const MinInt = -9223372036854775808
-pkg math, const MaxFloat64 = 1.79769e+308  // 179769313486231570814527423731704356798070567525844996598917476803157260780028538760589558632766878171540458953514382464234321326889464182768467546703537516986049910576551282076245490090389328944075868508455133942304583236903222948165808559332123348274797826204144723168738177180919299881250404026184124858368
-pkg math, const MaxInt ideal-int
-pkg math, const MaxUint ideal-int
-pkg math, const MinInt ideal-int
-pkg math, const SmallestNonzeroFloat32 = 1.4013e-45  // 1/713623846352979940529142984724747568191373312
-pkg math, const SmallestNonzeroFloat64 = 4.94066e-324  // 1/202402253307310618352495346718917307049556649764142118356901358027430339567995346891960383701437124495187077864316811911389808737385793476867013399940738509921517424276566361364466907742093216341239767678472745068562007483424692698618103355649159556340810056512358769552333414615230502532186327508646006263307707741093494784
-pkg net, method (*ParseError) Temporary() bool
-pkg net, method (*ParseError) Timeout() bool
-pkg net, method (IP) IsPrivate() bool
-pkg net/http, func AllowQuerySemicolons(Handler) Handler
-pkg net/url, method (Values) Has(string) bool
-pkg reflect, func VisibleFields(Type) []StructField
-pkg reflect, method (Method) IsExported() bool
-pkg reflect, method (StructField) IsExported() bool
-pkg reflect, method (Value) CanConvert(Type) bool
-pkg runtime/cgo (darwin-amd64-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
-pkg runtime/cgo (darwin-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
-pkg runtime/cgo (darwin-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
-pkg runtime/cgo (darwin-amd64-cgo), type Handle uintptr
-pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-386-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
-pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-386-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
-pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-386-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
-pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-386-cgo), type Handle uintptr
-pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-amd64-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
-pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
-pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
-pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type Handle uintptr
-pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-arm-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
-pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-arm-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
-pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-arm-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
-pkg runtime/cgo (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Handle uintptr
-pkg runtime/cgo (linux-386-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
-pkg runtime/cgo (linux-386-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
-pkg runtime/cgo (linux-386-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
-pkg runtime/cgo (linux-386-cgo), type Handle uintptr
-pkg runtime/cgo (linux-amd64-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
-pkg runtime/cgo (linux-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
-pkg runtime/cgo (linux-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
-pkg runtime/cgo (linux-amd64-cgo), type Handle uintptr
-pkg runtime/cgo (linux-arm-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
-pkg runtime/cgo (linux-arm-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
-pkg runtime/cgo (linux-arm-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
-pkg runtime/cgo (linux-arm-cgo), type Handle uintptr
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-386-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-386-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-386-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-386-cgo), type Handle uintptr
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-amd64-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-amd64-cgo), type Handle uintptr
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm-cgo), type Handle uintptr
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm64-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm64-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm64-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
-pkg runtime/cgo (netbsd-arm64-cgo), type Handle uintptr
-pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-386-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
-pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-386-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
-pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-386-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
-pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-386-cgo), type Handle uintptr
-pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-amd64-cgo), func NewHandle(interface{}) Handle
-pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Delete()
-pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-amd64-cgo), method (Handle) Value() interface{}
-pkg runtime/cgo (openbsd-amd64-cgo), type Handle uintptr
-pkg strconv, func QuotedPrefix(string) (string, error)
-pkg sync/atomic, method (*Value) CompareAndSwap(interface{}, interface{}) bool
-pkg sync/atomic, method (*Value) Swap(interface{}) interface{}
-pkg syscall (netbsd-386), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
-pkg syscall (netbsd-386), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-386), const WEXITED = 32
-pkg syscall (netbsd-386), const WEXITED ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-386-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
-pkg syscall (netbsd-386-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-386-cgo), const WEXITED = 32
-pkg syscall (netbsd-386-cgo), const WEXITED ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
-pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64), const WEXITED = 32
-pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64), const WEXITED ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
-pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const WEXITED = 32
-pkg syscall (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const WEXITED ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm), const WEXITED = 32
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm), const WEXITED ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm-cgo), const WEXITED = 32
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm-cgo), const WEXITED ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64), const WEXITED = 32
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64), const WEXITED ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 = 481
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64-cgo), const SYS_WAIT6 ideal-int
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64-cgo), const WEXITED = 32
-pkg syscall (netbsd-arm64-cgo), const WEXITED ideal-int
-pkg syscall (openbsd-386), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC = 2048
-pkg syscall (openbsd-386), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC ideal-int
-pkg syscall (openbsd-386-cgo), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC = 2048
-pkg syscall (openbsd-386-cgo), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC ideal-int
-pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC = 2048
-pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC ideal-int
-pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC = 2048
-pkg syscall (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC ideal-int
-pkg syscall (windows-386), type SysProcAttr struct, AdditionalInheritedHandles []Handle
-pkg syscall (windows-386), type SysProcAttr struct, ParentProcess Handle
-pkg syscall (windows-amd64), type SysProcAttr struct, AdditionalInheritedHandles []Handle
-pkg syscall (windows-amd64), type SysProcAttr struct, ParentProcess Handle
-pkg testing, method (*B) Setenv(string, string)
-pkg testing, method (*T) Setenv(string, string)
-pkg testing, type TB interface, Setenv(string, string)
-pkg text/template/parse, const SkipFuncCheck = 2
-pkg text/template/parse, const SkipFuncCheck Mode
-pkg time, const Layout = "01/02 03:04:05PM '06 -0700"
-pkg time, const Layout ideal-string
-pkg time, func UnixMicro(int64) Time
-pkg time, func UnixMilli(int64) Time
-pkg time, method (Time) GoString() string
-pkg time, method (Time) IsDST() bool
-pkg time, method (Time) UnixMicro() int64
-pkg time, method (Time) UnixMilli() int64

api/go1.18.txt

@@ -1,233 +0,0 @@
-pkg bufio, method (*Writer) AvailableBuffer() []uint8
-pkg bufio, method (ReadWriter) AvailableBuffer() []uint8
-pkg bytes, func Cut([]uint8, []uint8) ([]uint8, []uint8, bool)
-pkg crypto/tls, method (*Conn) NetConn() net.Conn
-pkg debug/buildinfo, func Read(io.ReaderAt) (*debug.BuildInfo, error)
-pkg debug/buildinfo, func ReadFile(string) (*debug.BuildInfo, error)
-pkg debug/buildinfo, type BuildInfo = debug.BuildInfo
-pkg debug/elf, const R_PPC64_RELATIVE = 22
-pkg debug/elf, const R_PPC64_RELATIVE R_PPC64
-pkg debug/dwarf, type BasicType struct, DataBitOffset int64
-pkg debug/dwarf, type StructField struct, DataBitOffset int64
-pkg debug/plan9obj, var ErrNoSymbols error
-pkg go/ast, method (*IndexListExpr) End() token.Pos
-pkg go/ast, method (*IndexListExpr) Pos() token.Pos
-pkg go/ast, type FuncType struct, TypeParams *FieldList
-pkg go/ast, type IndexListExpr struct
-pkg go/ast, type IndexListExpr struct, Indices []Expr
-pkg go/ast, type IndexListExpr struct, Lbrack token.Pos
-pkg go/ast, type IndexListExpr struct, Rbrack token.Pos
-pkg go/ast, type IndexListExpr struct, X Expr
-pkg go/ast, type TypeSpec struct, TypeParams *FieldList
-pkg go/constant, method (Kind) String() string
-pkg go/token, const TILDE = 88
-pkg go/token, const TILDE Token
-pkg go/types, func Instantiate(*Context, Type, []Type, bool) (Type, error)
-pkg go/types, func NewContext() *Context
-pkg go/types, func NewSignatureType(*Var, []*TypeParam, []*TypeParam, *Tuple, *Tuple, bool) *Signature
-pkg go/types, func NewTerm(bool, Type) *Term
-pkg go/types, func NewTypeParam(*TypeName, Type) *TypeParam
-pkg go/types, func NewUnion([]*Term) *Union
-pkg go/types, method (*ArgumentError) Error() string
-pkg go/types, method (*ArgumentError) Unwrap() error
-pkg go/types, method (*Interface) IsComparable() bool
-pkg go/types, method (*Interface) IsImplicit() bool
-pkg go/types, method (*Interface) IsMethodSet() bool
-pkg go/types, method (*Interface) MarkImplicit()
-pkg go/types, method (*Named) Origin() *Named
-pkg go/types, method (*Named) SetTypeParams([]*TypeParam)
-pkg go/types, method (*Named) TypeArgs() *TypeList
-pkg go/types, method (*Named) TypeParams() *TypeParamList
-pkg go/types, method (*Signature) RecvTypeParams() *TypeParamList
-pkg go/types, method (*Signature) TypeParams() *TypeParamList
-pkg go/types, method (*Term) String() string
-pkg go/types, method (*Term) Tilde() bool
-pkg go/types, method (*Term) Type() Type
-pkg go/types, method (*TypeList) At(int) Type
-pkg go/types, method (*TypeList) Len() int
-pkg go/types, method (*TypeParam) Constraint() Type
-pkg go/types, method (*TypeParam) Index() int
-pkg go/types, method (*TypeParam) Obj() *TypeName
-pkg go/types, method (*TypeParam) SetConstraint(Type)
-pkg go/types, method (*TypeParam) String() string
-pkg go/types, method (*TypeParam) Underlying() Type
-pkg go/types, method (*TypeParamList) At(int) *TypeParam
-pkg go/types, method (*TypeParamList) Len() int
-pkg go/types, method (*Union) Len() int
-pkg go/types, method (*Union) String() string
-pkg go/types, method (*Union) Term(int) *Term
-pkg go/types, method (*Union) Underlying() Type
-pkg go/types, type ArgumentError struct
-pkg go/types, type ArgumentError struct, Err error
-pkg go/types, type ArgumentError struct, Index int
-pkg go/types, type Config struct, Context *Context
-pkg go/types, type Config struct, GoVersion string
-pkg go/types, type Context struct
-pkg go/types, type Info struct, Instances map[*ast.Ident]Instance
-pkg go/types, type Instance struct
-pkg go/types, type Instance struct, Type Type
-pkg go/types, type Instance struct, TypeArgs *TypeList
-pkg go/types, type Term struct
-pkg go/types, type TypeList struct
-pkg go/types, type TypeParam struct
-pkg go/types, type TypeParamList struct
-pkg go/types, type Union struct
-pkg net, func TCPAddrFromAddrPort(netip.AddrPort) *TCPAddr
-pkg net, func UDPAddrFromAddrPort(netip.AddrPort) *UDPAddr
-pkg net, method (*Resolver) LookupNetIP(context.Context, string, string) ([]netip.Addr, error)
-pkg net, method (*TCPAddr) AddrPort() netip.AddrPort
-pkg net, method (*UDPAddr) AddrPort() netip.AddrPort
-pkg net, method (*UDPConn) ReadFromUDPAddrPort([]uint8) (int, netip.AddrPort, error)
-pkg net, method (*UDPConn) ReadMsgUDPAddrPort([]uint8, []uint8) (int, int, int, netip.AddrPort, error)
-pkg net, method (*UDPConn) WriteMsgUDPAddrPort([]uint8, []uint8, netip.AddrPort) (int, int, error)
-pkg net, method (*UDPConn) WriteToUDPAddrPort([]uint8, netip.AddrPort) (int, error)
-pkg net/http, func MaxBytesHandler(Handler, int64) Handler
-pkg net/http, method (*Cookie) Valid() error
-pkg net/netip, func AddrFrom16([16]uint8) Addr
-pkg net/netip, func AddrFrom4([4]uint8) Addr
-pkg net/netip, func AddrFromSlice([]uint8) (Addr, bool)
-pkg net/netip, func AddrPortFrom(Addr, uint16) AddrPort
-pkg net/netip, func IPv4Unspecified() Addr
-pkg net/netip, func IPv6LinkLocalAllNodes() Addr
-pkg net/netip, func IPv6Unspecified() Addr
-pkg net/netip, func MustParseAddr(string) Addr
-pkg net/netip, func MustParseAddrPort(string) AddrPort
-pkg net/netip, func MustParsePrefix(string) Prefix
-pkg net/netip, func ParseAddr(string) (Addr, error)
-pkg net/netip, func ParseAddrPort(string) (AddrPort, error)
-pkg net/netip, func ParsePrefix(string) (Prefix, error)
-pkg net/netip, func PrefixFrom(Addr, int) Prefix
-pkg net/netip, method (*Addr) UnmarshalBinary([]uint8) error
-pkg net/netip, method (*Addr) UnmarshalText([]uint8) error
-pkg net/netip, method (*AddrPort) UnmarshalBinary([]uint8) error
-pkg net/netip, method (*AddrPort) UnmarshalText([]uint8) error
-pkg net/netip, method (*Prefix) UnmarshalBinary([]uint8) error
-pkg net/netip, method (*Prefix) UnmarshalText([]uint8) error
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) AppendTo([]uint8) []uint8
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) As16() [16]uint8
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) As4() [4]uint8
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) AsSlice() []uint8
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) BitLen() int
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) Compare(Addr) int
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) Is4() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) Is4In6() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) Is6() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) IsGlobalUnicast() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) IsInterfaceLocalMulticast() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) IsLinkLocalMulticast() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) IsLinkLocalUnicast() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) IsLoopback() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) IsMulticast() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) IsPrivate() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) IsUnspecified() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) IsValid() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) Less(Addr) bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) MarshalBinary() ([]uint8, error)
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) MarshalText() ([]uint8, error)
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) Next() Addr
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) Prefix(int) (Prefix, error)
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) Prev() Addr
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) String() string
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) StringExpanded() string
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) Unmap() Addr
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) WithZone(string) Addr
-pkg net/netip, method (Addr) Zone() string
-pkg net/netip, method (AddrPort) Addr() Addr
-pkg net/netip, method (AddrPort) AppendTo([]uint8) []uint8
-pkg net/netip, method (AddrPort) IsValid() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (AddrPort) MarshalBinary() ([]uint8, error)
-pkg net/netip, method (AddrPort) MarshalText() ([]uint8, error)
-pkg net/netip, method (AddrPort) Port() uint16
-pkg net/netip, method (AddrPort) String() string
-pkg net/netip, method (Prefix) Addr() Addr
-pkg net/netip, method (Prefix) AppendTo([]uint8) []uint8
-pkg net/netip, method (Prefix) Bits() int
-pkg net/netip, method (Prefix) Contains(Addr) bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Prefix) IsSingleIP() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Prefix) IsValid() bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Prefix) MarshalBinary() ([]uint8, error)
-pkg net/netip, method (Prefix) MarshalText() ([]uint8, error)
-pkg net/netip, method (Prefix) Masked() Prefix
-pkg net/netip, method (Prefix) Overlaps(Prefix) bool
-pkg net/netip, method (Prefix) String() string
-pkg net/netip, type Addr struct
-pkg net/netip, type AddrPort struct
-pkg net/netip, type Prefix struct
-pkg reflect, const Pointer = 22
-pkg reflect, const Pointer Kind
-pkg reflect, func PointerTo(Type) Type
-pkg reflect, method (*MapIter) Reset(Value)
-pkg reflect, method (Value) CanComplex() bool
-pkg reflect, method (Value) CanFloat() bool
-pkg reflect, method (Value) CanInt() bool
-pkg reflect, method (Value) CanUint() bool
-pkg reflect, method (Value) FieldByIndexErr([]int) (Value, error)
-pkg reflect, method (Value) SetIterKey(*MapIter)
-pkg reflect, method (Value) SetIterValue(*MapIter)
-pkg reflect, method (Value) UnsafePointer() unsafe.Pointer
-pkg runtime/debug, func ParseBuildInfo(string) (*BuildInfo, error)
-pkg runtime/debug, method (*BuildInfo) String() string
-pkg runtime/debug, type BuildInfo struct, GoVersion string
-pkg runtime/debug, type BuildInfo struct, Settings []BuildSetting
-pkg runtime/debug, type BuildSetting struct
-pkg runtime/debug, type BuildSetting struct, Key string
-pkg runtime/debug, type BuildSetting struct, Value string
-pkg strings, func Clone(string) string
-pkg strings, func Cut(string, string) (string, string, bool)
-pkg sync, method (*Mutex) TryLock() bool
-pkg sync, method (*RWMutex) TryLock() bool
-pkg sync, method (*RWMutex) TryRLock() bool
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type SysProcAttr struct, Pdeathsig Signal
-pkg syscall (freebsd-386-cgo), type SysProcAttr struct, Pdeathsig Signal
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64), type SysProcAttr struct, Pdeathsig Signal
-pkg syscall (freebsd-amd64-cgo), type SysProcAttr struct, Pdeathsig Signal
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm), type SysProcAttr struct, Pdeathsig Signal
-pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type SysProcAttr struct, Pdeathsig Signal
-pkg syscall (windows-386), func SyscallN(uintptr, ...uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg syscall (windows-amd64), func SyscallN(uintptr, ...uintptr) (uintptr, uintptr, Errno)
-pkg testing, func MainStart(testDeps, []InternalTest, []InternalBenchmark, []InternalFuzzTarget, []InternalExample) *M
-pkg testing, method (*F) Add(...interface{})
-pkg testing, method (*F) Cleanup(func())
-pkg testing, method (*F) Error(...interface{})
-pkg testing, method (*F) Errorf(string, ...interface{})
-pkg testing, method (*F) Fail()
-pkg testing, method (*F) FailNow()
-pkg testing, method (*F) Failed() bool
-pkg testing, method (*F) Fatal(...interface{})
-pkg testing, method (*F) Fatalf(string, ...interface{})
-pkg testing, method (*F) Fuzz(interface{})
-pkg testing, method (*F) Helper()
-pkg testing, method (*F) Log(...interface{})
-pkg testing, method (*F) Logf(string, ...interface{})
-pkg testing, method (*F) Name() string
-pkg testing, method (*F) Setenv(string, string)
-pkg testing, method (*F) Skip(...interface{})
-pkg testing, method (*F) SkipNow()
-pkg testing, method (*F) Skipf(string, ...interface{})
-pkg testing, method (*F) Skipped() bool
-pkg testing, method (*F) TempDir() string
-pkg testing, type F struct
-pkg testing, type InternalFuzzTarget struct
-pkg testing, type InternalFuzzTarget struct, Fn func(*F)
-pkg testing, type InternalFuzzTarget struct, Name string
-pkg text/template/parse, const NodeBreak = 21
-pkg text/template/parse, const NodeBreak NodeType
-pkg text/template/parse, const NodeContinue = 22
-pkg text/template/parse, const NodeContinue NodeType
-pkg text/template/parse, method (*BreakNode) Copy() Node
-pkg text/template/parse, method (*BreakNode) String() string
-pkg text/template/parse, method (*ContinueNode) Copy() Node
-pkg text/template/parse, method (*ContinueNode) String() string
-pkg text/template/parse, method (BreakNode) Position() Pos
-pkg text/template/parse, method (BreakNode) Type() NodeType
-pkg text/template/parse, method (ContinueNode) Position() Pos
-pkg text/template/parse, method (ContinueNode) Type() NodeType
-pkg text/template/parse, type BreakNode struct
-pkg text/template/parse, type BreakNode struct, Line int
-pkg text/template/parse, type BreakNode struct, embedded NodeType
-pkg text/template/parse, type BreakNode struct, embedded Pos
-pkg text/template/parse, type ContinueNode struct
-pkg text/template/parse, type ContinueNode struct, Line int
-pkg text/template/parse, type ContinueNode struct, embedded NodeType
-pkg text/template/parse, type ContinueNode struct, embedded Pos
-pkg unicode/utf8, func AppendRune([]uint8, int32) []uint8

api/go1.9.txt

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ pkg crypto, const BLAKE2b_512 Hash
 pkg crypto, const BLAKE2s_256 = 16
 pkg crypto, const BLAKE2s_256 Hash
 pkg crypto/x509, type Certificate struct, ExcludedDNSDomains []string
+pkg crypto/x509, type VerifyOptions struct, IsBoring func(*Certificate) bool
 pkg database/sql, method (*Conn) BeginTx(context.Context, *TxOptions) (*Tx, error)
 pkg database/sql, method (*Conn) Close() error
 pkg database/sql, method (*Conn) ExecContext(context.Context, string, ...interface{}) (Result, error)
@@ -49,34 +50,7 @@ pkg image/png, type EncoderBufferPool interface, Put(*EncoderBuffer)
 pkg math/big, method (*Int) IsInt64() bool
 pkg math/big, method (*Int) IsUint64() bool
 pkg math/big, type Word uint
-pkg math/bits (darwin-amd64), const UintSize = 64
-pkg math/bits (darwin-amd64-cgo), const UintSize = 64
-pkg math/bits (freebsd-386), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (freebsd-386-cgo), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (freebsd-amd64), const UintSize = 64
-pkg math/bits (freebsd-amd64-cgo), const UintSize = 64
-pkg math/bits (freebsd-arm), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (freebsd-arm-cgo), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (linux-386), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (linux-386-cgo), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (linux-amd64), const UintSize = 64
-pkg math/bits (linux-amd64-cgo), const UintSize = 64
-pkg math/bits (linux-arm), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (linux-arm-cgo), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (netbsd-386), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (netbsd-386-cgo), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (netbsd-amd64), const UintSize = 64
-pkg math/bits (netbsd-amd64-cgo), const UintSize = 64
-pkg math/bits (netbsd-arm), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (netbsd-arm-cgo), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (netbsd-arm64), const UintSize = 64
-pkg math/bits (netbsd-arm64-cgo), const UintSize = 64
-pkg math/bits (openbsd-386), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (openbsd-386-cgo), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (openbsd-amd64), const UintSize = 64
-pkg math/bits (openbsd-amd64-cgo), const UintSize = 64
-pkg math/bits (windows-386), const UintSize = 32
-pkg math/bits (windows-amd64), const UintSize = 64
+pkg math/bits, const UintSize = 64
 pkg math/bits, const UintSize ideal-int
 pkg math/bits, func LeadingZeros(uint) int
 pkg math/bits, func LeadingZeros16(uint16) int

api/next/30715.txt

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-pkg net/http, type MaxBytesError struct #30715
-pkg net/http, type MaxBytesError struct, Limit int64 #30715
-pkg net/http, method (*MaxBytesError) Error() string #30715

api/next/35044.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-pkg crypto/x509, method (*CertPool) Clone() *CertPool #35044

api/next/42710.txt

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-pkg hash/maphash, func Bytes(Seed, []uint8) uint64 #42710
-pkg hash/maphash, func String(Seed, string) uint64 #42710

api/next/45628.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-pkg encoding/xml, method (*Decoder) InputPos() (int, int) #45628

api/next/45754.txt

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-pkg flag, func TextVar(encoding.TextUnmarshaler, string, encoding.TextMarshaler, string) #45754
-pkg flag, method (*FlagSet) TextVar(encoding.TextUnmarshaler, string, encoding.TextMarshaler, string) #45754

api/next/46057.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-pkg crypto/x509, method (*CertPool) Equal(*CertPool) bool #46057

api/next/46059.txt

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-pkg net/url, type URL struct, OmitHost bool #46059
-

api/next/46121.txt

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-pkg html/template, method (*Template) Funcs(template.FuncMap) *Template #46121
-pkg html/template, type FuncMap = template.FuncMap #46121

api/next/46229.txt

@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-pkg debug/elf, const EM_LOONGARCH = 258 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const EM_LOONGARCH Machine #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_32 = 1 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_32 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_64 = 2 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_64 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_ADD16 = 48 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_ADD16 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_ADD24 = 49 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_ADD24 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_ADD32 = 50 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_ADD32 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_ADD64 = 51 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_ADD64 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_ADD8 = 47 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_ADD8 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_COPY = 4 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_COPY R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_IRELATIVE = 12 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_IRELATIVE R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_JUMP_SLOT = 5 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_JUMP_SLOT R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_MARK_LA = 20 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_MARK_LA R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_MARK_PCREL = 21 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_MARK_PCREL R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_NONE = 0 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_NONE R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_RELATIVE = 3 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_RELATIVE R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_ADD = 35 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_ADD R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_AND = 36 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_AND R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_ASSERT = 30 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_ASSERT R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_IF_ELSE = 37 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_IF_ELSE R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_NOT = 31 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_NOT R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_0_10_10_16_S2 = 45 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_0_10_10_16_S2 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_0_5_10_16_S2 = 44 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_0_5_10_16_S2 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_10_12 = 40 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_10_12 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_10_16 = 41 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_10_16 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_10_16_S2 = 42 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_10_16_S2 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_10_5 = 38 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_10_5 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_5_20 = 43 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_S_5_20 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_U = 46 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_U R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_U_10_12 = 39 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_POP_32_U_10_12 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_ABSOLUTE = 23 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_ABSOLUTE R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_DUP = 24 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_DUP R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_GPREL = 25 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_GPREL R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_PCREL = 22 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_PCREL R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_PLT_PCREL = 29 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_PLT_PCREL R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_TLS_GD = 28 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_TLS_GD R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_TLS_GOT = 27 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_TLS_GOT R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_TLS_TPREL = 26 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_PUSH_TLS_TPREL R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_SL = 33 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_SL R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_SR = 34 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_SR R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_SUB = 32 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SOP_SUB R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SUB16 = 53 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SUB16 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SUB24 = 54 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SUB24 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SUB32 = 55 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SUB32 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SUB64 = 56 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SUB64 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SUB8 = 52 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_SUB8 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_TLS_DTPMOD32 = 6 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_TLS_DTPMOD32 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_TLS_DTPMOD64 = 7 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_TLS_DTPMOD64 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_TLS_DTPREL32 = 8 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_TLS_DTPREL32 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_TLS_DTPREL64 = 9 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_TLS_DTPREL64 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_TLS_TPREL32 = 10 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_TLS_TPREL32 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_TLS_TPREL64 = 11 #46229
-pkg debug/elf, const R_LARCH_TLS_TPREL64 R_LARCH #46229
-pkg debug/elf, method (R_LARCH) GoString() string #46229
-pkg debug/elf, method (R_LARCH) String() string #46229
-pkg debug/elf, type R_LARCH int #46229

api/next/47005.txt

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-pkg net/url, func JoinPath(string, ...string) (string, error) #47005
-pkg net/url, method (*URL) JoinPath(...string) *URL #47005

api/next/50340.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-pkg sort, func Find(int, func(int) int) (int, bool) #50340

api/next/50599.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-pkg os/exec, method (*Cmd) Environ() []string #50599

api/next/50601.txt

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-pkg encoding/binary, type AppendByteOrder interface { AppendUint16, AppendUint32, AppendUint64, String } #50601
-pkg encoding/binary, type AppendByteOrder interface, AppendUint16([]uint8, uint16) []uint8 #50601
-pkg encoding/binary, type AppendByteOrder interface, AppendUint32([]uint8, uint32) []uint8 #50601
-pkg encoding/binary, type AppendByteOrder interface, AppendUint64([]uint8, uint64) []uint8 #50601
-pkg encoding/binary, type AppendByteOrder interface, String() string #50601

api/next/50674.txt

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-pkg crypto/x509, func ParseRevocationList([]uint8) (*RevocationList, error) #50674
-pkg crypto/x509, method (*RevocationList) CheckSignatureFrom(*Certificate) error #50674
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, AuthorityKeyId []uint8 #50674
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, Extensions []pkix.Extension #50674
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, Issuer pkix.Name #50674
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, Raw []uint8 #50674
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, RawIssuer []uint8 #50674
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, RawTBSRevocationList []uint8 #50674
-pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, Signature []uint8 #50674

api/next/51082.txt

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-pkg go/doc, method (*Package) HTML(string) []uint8 #51082
-pkg go/doc, method (*Package) Markdown(string) []uint8 #51082
-pkg go/doc, method (*Package) Parser() *comment.Parser #51082
-pkg go/doc, method (*Package) Printer() *comment.Printer #51082
-pkg go/doc, method (*Package) Synopsis(string) string #51082
-pkg go/doc, method (*Package) Text(string) []uint8 #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, func DefaultLookupPackage(string) (string, bool) #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, method (*DocLink) DefaultURL(string) string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, method (*Heading) DefaultID() string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, method (*List) BlankBefore() bool #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, method (*List) BlankBetween() bool #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, method (*Parser) Parse(string) *Doc #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, method (*Printer) Comment(*Doc) []uint8 #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, method (*Printer) HTML(*Doc) []uint8 #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, method (*Printer) Markdown(*Doc) []uint8 #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, method (*Printer) Text(*Doc) []uint8 #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Block interface, unexported methods #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Code struct #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Code struct, Text string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Doc struct #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Doc struct, Content []Block #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Doc struct, Links []*LinkDef #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type DocLink struct #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type DocLink struct, ImportPath string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type DocLink struct, Name string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type DocLink struct, Recv string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type DocLink struct, Text []Text #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Heading struct #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Heading struct, Text []Text #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Italic string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Link struct #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Link struct, Auto bool #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Link struct, Text []Text #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Link struct, URL string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type LinkDef struct #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type LinkDef struct, Text string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type LinkDef struct, URL string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type LinkDef struct, Used bool #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type List struct #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type List struct, ForceBlankBefore bool #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type List struct, ForceBlankBetween bool #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type List struct, Items []*ListItem #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type ListItem struct #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type ListItem struct, Content []Block #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type ListItem struct, Number string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Paragraph struct #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Paragraph struct, Text []Text #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Parser struct #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Parser struct, LookupPackage func(string) (string, bool) #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Parser struct, LookupSym func(string, string) bool #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Parser struct, Words map[string]string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Plain string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Printer struct #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Printer struct, DocLinkBaseURL string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Printer struct, DocLinkURL func(*DocLink) string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Printer struct, HeadingID func(*Heading) string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Printer struct, HeadingLevel int #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Printer struct, TextCodePrefix string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Printer struct, TextPrefix string #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Printer struct, TextWidth int #51082
-pkg go/doc/comment, type Text interface, unexported methods #51082

api/next/51414.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-pkg time, method (Duration) Abs() Duration #51414

api/next/51644.txt

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-pkg encoding/binary, func AppendUvarint([]uint8, uint64) []uint8 #51644
-pkg encoding/binary, func AppendVarint([]uint8, int64) []uint8 #51644

api/next/51684.txt

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-pkg regexp/syntax, const ErrNestingDepth = "expression nests too deeply" #51684
-pkg regexp/syntax, const ErrNestingDepth ErrorCode #51684

api/next/51868.txt

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_COMDAT_SELECT_ANY = 2 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_COMDAT_SELECT_ANY ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_COMDAT_SELECT_ASSOCIATIVE = 5 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_COMDAT_SELECT_ASSOCIATIVE ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_COMDAT_SELECT_EXACT_MATCH = 4 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_COMDAT_SELECT_EXACT_MATCH ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_COMDAT_SELECT_LARGEST = 6 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_COMDAT_SELECT_LARGEST ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_COMDAT_SELECT_NODUPLICATES = 1 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_COMDAT_SELECT_NODUPLICATES ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_COMDAT_SELECT_SAME_SIZE = 3 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_COMDAT_SELECT_SAME_SIZE ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE = 32 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA = 64 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_CNT_UNINITIALIZED_DATA = 128 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_CNT_UNINITIALIZED_DATA ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_LNK_COMDAT = 4096 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_LNK_COMDAT ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE = 33554432 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE = 536870912 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ = 1073741824 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE = 2147483648 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE ideal-int #51686
-pkg debug/pe, method (*File) COFFSymbolReadSectionDefAux(int) (*COFFSymbolAuxFormat5, error) #51686
-pkg debug/pe, type COFFSymbolAuxFormat5 struct #51686
-pkg debug/pe, type COFFSymbolAuxFormat5 struct, Checksum uint32 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, type COFFSymbolAuxFormat5 struct, NumLineNumbers uint16 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, type COFFSymbolAuxFormat5 struct, NumRelocs uint16 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, type COFFSymbolAuxFormat5 struct, SecNum uint16 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, type COFFSymbolAuxFormat5 struct, Selection uint8 #51686
-pkg debug/pe, type COFFSymbolAuxFormat5 struct, Size uint32 #51686

codereview.cfg

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-branch: dev.boringcrypto
-parent-branch: master

doc/articles/go_command.html

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+<!--{
+	"title": "About the go command"
+}-->
+
+<p>The Go distribution includes a command, named
+"<code><a href="/cmd/go/">go</a></code>", that
+automates the downloading, building, installation, and testing of Go packages
+and commands.  This document talks about why we wrote a new command, what it
+is, what it's not, and how to use it.</p>
+
+<h2>Motivation</h2>
+
+<p>You might have seen early Go talks in which Rob Pike jokes that the idea
+for Go arose while waiting for a large Google server to compile.  That
+really was the motivation for Go: to build a language that worked well
+for building the large software that Google writes and runs. It was
+clear from the start that such a language must provide a way to
+express dependencies between code libraries clearly, hence the package
+grouping and the explicit import blocks.  It was also clear from the
+start that you might want arbitrary syntax for describing the code
+being imported; this is why import paths are string literals.</p>
+
+<p>An explicit goal for Go from the beginning was to be able to build Go
+code using only the information found in the source itself, not
+needing to write a makefile or one of the many modern replacements for
+makefiles.  If Go needed a configuration file to explain how to build
+your program, then Go would have failed.</p>
+
+<p>At first, there was no Go compiler, and the initial development
+focused on building one and then building libraries for it. For
+expedience, we postponed the automation of building Go code by using
+make and writing makefiles.  When compiling a single package involved
+multiple invocations of the Go compiler, we even used a program to
+write the makefiles for us.  You can find it if you dig through the
+repository history.</p>
+
+<p>The purpose of the new go command is our return to this ideal, that Go
+programs should compile without configuration or additional effort on
+the part of the developer beyond writing the necessary import
+statements.</p>
+
+<h2>Configuration versus convention</h2>
+
+<p>The way to achieve the simplicity of a configuration-free system is to
+establish conventions. The system works only to the extent that those conventions
+are followed. When we first launched Go, many people published packages that
+had to be installed in certain places, under certain names, using certain build
+tools, in order to be used. That's understandable: that's the way it works in
+most other languages. Over the last few years we consistently reminded people
+about the <code>goinstall</code> command
+(now replaced by <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Download_and_install_packages_and_dependencies"><code>go get</code></a>)
+and its conventions: first, that the import path is derived in a known way from
+the URL of the source code; second, that the place to store the sources in
+the local file system is derived in a known way from the import path; third,
+that each directory in a source tree corresponds to a single package; and
+fourth, that the package is built using only information in the source code.
+Today, the vast majority of packages follow these conventions.
+The Go ecosystem is simpler and more powerful as a result.</p>
+
+<p>We received many requests to allow a makefile in a package directory to
+provide just a little extra configuration beyond what's in the source code.
+But that would have introduced new rules. Because we did not accede to such
+requests, we were able to write the go command and eliminate our use of make
+or any other build system.</p>
+
+<p>It is important to understand that the go command is not a general
+build tool. It cannot be configured and it does not attempt to build
+anything but Go packages.  These are important simplifying
+assumptions: they simplify not only the implementation but also, more
+important, the use of the tool itself.</p>
+
+<h2>Go's conventions</h2>
+
+<p>The <code>go</code> command requires that code adheres to a few key,
+well-established conventions.</p>
+
+<p>First, the import path is derived in a known way from the URL of the
+source code.  For Bitbucket, GitHub, Google Code, and Launchpad, the
+root directory of the repository is identified by the repository's
+main URL, without the <code>http://</code> prefix.  Subdirectories are named by
+adding to that path.
+For example, the Go example programs are obtained by running</p>
+
+<pre>
+git clone https://github.com/golang/example
+</pre>
+
+<p>and thus the import path for the root directory of that repository is
+"<code>github.com/golang/example</code>".
+The <a href="https://godoc.org/github.com/golang/example/stringutil">stringutil</a>
+package is stored in a subdirectory, so its import path is
+"<code>github.com/golang/example/stringutil</code>".</p>
+
+<p>These paths are on the long side, but in exchange we get an
+automatically managed name space for import paths and the ability for
+a tool like the go command to look at an unfamiliar import path and
+deduce where to obtain the source code.</p>
+
+<p>Second, the place to store sources in the local file system is derived
+in a known way from the import path, specifically
+<code>$GOPATH/src/&lt;import-path&gt;</code>.
+If unset, <code>$GOPATH</code> defaults to a subdirectory
+named <code>go</code> in the user's home directory.
+If <code>$GOPATH</code> is set to a list of paths, the go command tries
+<code>&lt;dir&gt;/src/&lt;import-path&gt;</code> for each of the directories in
+that list.
+</p>
+
+<p>Each of those trees contains, by convention, a top-level directory named
+"<code>bin</code>", for holding compiled executables, and a top-level directory
+named "<code>pkg</code>", for holding compiled packages that can be imported,
+and the "<code>src</code>" directory, for holding package source files.
+Imposing this structure lets us keep each of these directory trees
+self-contained: the compiled form and the sources are always near each
+other.</p>
+
+<p>These naming conventions also let us work in the reverse direction,
+from a directory name to its import path. This mapping is important
+for many of the go command's subcommands, as we'll see below.</p>
+
+<p>Third, each directory in a source tree corresponds to a single
+package. By restricting a directory to a single package, we don't have
+to create hybrid import paths that specify first the directory and
+then the package within that directory.  Also, most file management
+tools and UIs work on  directories as fundamental units.  Tying the
+fundamental Go unit&mdash;the package&mdash;to file system structure means
+that file system tools become Go package tools.  Copying, moving, or
+deleting a package corresponds to copying, moving, or deleting a
+directory.</p>
+
+<p>Fourth, each package is built using only the information present in
+the source files.  This makes it much more likely that the tool will
+be able to adapt to changing build environments and conditions. For
+example, if we allowed extra configuration such as compiler flags or
+command line recipes, then that configuration would need to be updated
+each time the build tools changed; it would also be inherently tied
+to the use of a specific toolchain.</p>
+
+<h2>Getting started with the go command</h2>
+
+<p>Finally, a quick tour of how to use the go command.
+As mentioned above, the default <code>$GOPATH</code> on Unix is <code>$HOME/go</code>.
+We'll store our programs there.
+To use a different location, you can set <code>$GOPATH</code>;
+see <a href="/doc/code.html">How to Write Go Code</a> for details.
+
+<p>We first add some source code.  Suppose we want to use
+the indexing library from the codesearch project along with a left-leaning
+red-black tree.  We can install both with the "<code>go get</code>"
+subcommand:</p>
+
+<pre>
+$ go get github.com/google/codesearch/index
+$ go get github.com/petar/GoLLRB/llrb
+$
+</pre>
+
+<p>Both of these projects are now downloaded and installed into <code>$HOME/go</code>,
+which contains the two directories
+<code>src/github.com/google/codesearch/index/</code> and
+<code>src/github.com/petar/GoLLRB/llrb/</code>, along with the compiled
+packages (in <code>pkg/</code>) for those libraries and their dependencies.</p>
+
+<p>Because we used version control systems (Mercurial and Git) to check
+out the sources, the source tree also contains the other files in the
+corresponding repositories, such as related packages. The "<code>go list</code>"
+subcommand lists the import paths corresponding to its arguments, and
+the pattern "<code>./...</code>" means start in the current directory
+("<code>./</code>") and find all packages below that directory
+("<code>...</code>"):</p>
+
+<pre>
+$ cd $HOME/go/src
+$ go list ./...
+github.com/google/codesearch/cmd/cgrep
+github.com/google/codesearch/cmd/cindex
+github.com/google/codesearch/cmd/csearch
+github.com/google/codesearch/index
+github.com/google/codesearch/regexp
+github.com/google/codesearch/sparse
+github.com/petar/GoLLRB/example
+github.com/petar/GoLLRB/llrb
+$
+</pre>
+
+<p>We can also test those packages:</p>
+
+<pre>
+$ go test ./...
+?   	github.com/google/codesearch/cmd/cgrep	[no test files]
+?   	github.com/google/codesearch/cmd/cindex	[no test files]
+?   	github.com/google/codesearch/cmd/csearch	[no test files]
+ok  	github.com/google/codesearch/index	0.203s
+ok  	github.com/google/codesearch/regexp	0.017s
+?   	github.com/google/codesearch/sparse	[no test files]
+?       github.com/petar/GoLLRB/example          [no test files]
+ok      github.com/petar/GoLLRB/llrb             0.231s
+$
+</pre>
+
+<p>If a go subcommand is invoked with no paths listed, it operates on the
+current directory:</p>
+
+<pre>
+$ cd github.com/google/codesearch/regexp
+$ go list
+github.com/google/codesearch/regexp
+$ go test -v
+=== RUN   TestNstateEnc
+--- PASS: TestNstateEnc (0.00s)
+=== RUN   TestMatch
+--- PASS: TestMatch (0.00s)
+=== RUN   TestGrep
+--- PASS: TestGrep (0.00s)
+PASS
+ok  	github.com/google/codesearch/regexp	0.018s
+$ go install
+$
+</pre>
+
+<p>That "<code>go install</code>" subcommand installs the latest copy of the
+package into the pkg directory. Because the go command can analyze the
+dependency graph, "<code>go install</code>" also installs any packages that
+this package imports but that are out of date, recursively.</p>
+
+<p>Notice that "<code>go install</code>" was able to determine the name of the
+import path for the package in the current directory, because of the convention
+for directory naming.  It would be a little more convenient if we could pick
+the name of the directory where we kept source code, and we probably wouldn't
+pick such a long name, but that ability would require additional configuration
+and complexity in the tool. Typing an extra directory name or two is a small
+price to pay for the increased simplicity and power.</p>
+
+<h2>Limitations</h2>
+
+<p>As mentioned above, the go command is not a general-purpose build
+tool.
+In particular, it does not have any facility for generating Go
+source files <em>during</em> a build, although it does provide
+<a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Generate_Go_files_by_processing_source"><code>go</code>
+<code>generate</code></a>,
+which can automate the creation of Go files <em>before</em> the build.
+For more advanced build setups, you may need to write a
+makefile (or a configuration file for the build tool of your choice)
+to run whatever tool creates the Go files and then check those generated source files
+into your repository. This is more work for you, the package author,
+but it is significantly less work for your users, who can use
+"<code>go get</code>" without needing to obtain and build
+any additional tools.</p>
+
+<h2>More information</h2>
+
+<p>For more information, read <a href="/doc/code.html">How to Write Go Code</a>
+and see the <a href="/cmd/go/">go command documentation</a>.</p>

doc/articles/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<!--{
+	"Title": "/doc/articles/"
+}-->
+
+<p>
+See the <a href="/doc/#articles">Documents page</a> and the
+<a href="/blog/index">Blog index</a> for a complete list of Go articles.
+</p>

doc/articles/race_detector.html

@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+<!--{
+	"Title": "Data Race Detector",
+	"Template": true
+}-->
+
+<h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>
+Data races are among the most common and hardest to debug types of bugs in concurrent systems.
+A data race occurs when two goroutines access the same variable concurrently and at least one of the accesses is a write.
+See the <a href="/ref/mem/">The Go Memory Model</a> for details.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Here is an example of a data race that can lead to crashes and memory corruption:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+func main() {
+	c := make(chan bool)
+	m := make(map[string]string)
+	go func() {
+		m["1"] = "a" // First conflicting access.
+		c &lt;- true
+	}()
+	m["2"] = "b" // Second conflicting access.
+	&lt;-c
+	for k, v := range m {
+		fmt.Println(k, v)
+	}
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2>
+
+<p>
+To help diagnose such bugs, Go includes a built-in data race detector.
+To use it, add the <code>-race</code> flag to the go command:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+$ go test -race mypkg    // to test the package
+$ go run -race mysrc.go  // to run the source file
+$ go build -race mycmd   // to build the command
+$ go install -race mypkg // to install the package
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Report_Format">Report Format</h2>
+
+<p>
+When the race detector finds a data race in the program, it prints a report.
+The report contains stack traces for conflicting accesses, as well as stacks where the involved goroutines were created.
+Here is an example:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+WARNING: DATA RACE
+Read by goroutine 185:
+  net.(*pollServer).AddFD()
+      src/net/fd_unix.go:89 +0x398
+  net.(*pollServer).WaitWrite()
+      src/net/fd_unix.go:247 +0x45
+  net.(*netFD).Write()
+      src/net/fd_unix.go:540 +0x4d4
+  net.(*conn).Write()
+      src/net/net.go:129 +0x101
+  net.func·060()
+      src/net/timeout_test.go:603 +0xaf
+
+Previous write by goroutine 184:
+  net.setWriteDeadline()
+      src/net/sockopt_posix.go:135 +0xdf
+  net.setDeadline()
+      src/net/sockopt_posix.go:144 +0x9c
+  net.(*conn).SetDeadline()
+      src/net/net.go:161 +0xe3
+  net.func·061()
+      src/net/timeout_test.go:616 +0x3ed
+
+Goroutine 185 (running) created at:
+  net.func·061()
+      src/net/timeout_test.go:609 +0x288
+
+Goroutine 184 (running) created at:
+  net.TestProlongTimeout()
+      src/net/timeout_test.go:618 +0x298
+  testing.tRunner()
+      src/testing/testing.go:301 +0xe8
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Options">Options</h2>
+
+<p>
+The <code>GORACE</code> environment variable sets race detector options.
+The format is:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+GORACE="option1=val1 option2=val2"
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The options are:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<code>log_path</code> (default <code>stderr</code>): The race detector writes
+its report to a file named <code>log_path.<em>pid</em></code>.
+The special names <code>stdout</code>
+and <code>stderr</code> cause reports to be written to standard output and
+standard error, respectively.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>exitcode</code> (default <code>66</code>): The exit status to use when
+exiting after a detected race.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>strip_path_prefix</code> (default <code>""</code>): Strip this prefix
+from all reported file paths, to make reports more concise.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>history_size</code> (default <code>1</code>): The per-goroutine memory
+access history is <code>32K * 2**history_size elements</code>.
+Increasing this value can avoid a "failed to restore the stack" error in reports, at the
+cost of increased memory usage.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>halt_on_error</code> (default <code>0</code>): Controls whether the program
+exits after reporting first data race.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>atexit_sleep_ms</code> (default <code>1000</code>): Amount of milliseconds
+to sleep in the main goroutine before exiting.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+Example:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+$ GORACE="log_path=/tmp/race/report strip_path_prefix=/my/go/sources/" go test -race
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Excluding_Tests">Excluding Tests</h2>
+
+<p>
+When you build with <code>-race</code> flag, the <code>go</code> command defines additional
+<a href="/pkg/go/build/#hdr-Build_Constraints">build tag</a> <code>race</code>.
+You can use the tag to exclude some code and tests when running the race detector.
+Some examples:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+// +build !race
+
+package foo
+
+// The test contains a data race. See issue 123.
+func TestFoo(t *testing.T) {
+	// ...
+}
+
+// The test fails under the race detector due to timeouts.
+func TestBar(t *testing.T) {
+	// ...
+}
+
+// The test takes too long under the race detector.
+func TestBaz(t *testing.T) {
+	// ...
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="How_To_Use">How To Use</h2>
+
+<p>
+To start, run your tests using the race detector (<code>go test -race</code>).
+The race detector only finds races that happen at runtime, so it can't find
+races in code paths that are not executed.
+If your tests have incomplete coverage,
+you may find more races by running a binary built with <code>-race</code> under a realistic
+workload.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="Typical_Data_Races">Typical Data Races</h2>
+
+<p>
+Here are some typical data races.  All of them can be detected with the race detector.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="Race_on_loop_counter">Race on loop counter</h3>
+
+<pre>
+func main() {
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(5)
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		go func() {
+			fmt.Println(i) // Not the 'i' you are looking for.
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The variable <code>i</code> in the function literal is the same variable used by the loop, so
+the read in the goroutine races with the loop increment.
+(This program typically prints 55555, not 01234.)
+The program can be fixed by making a copy of the variable:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+func main() {
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(5)
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		go func(j int) {
+			fmt.Println(j) // Good. Read local copy of the loop counter.
+			wg.Done()
+		}(i)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Accidentally_shared_variable">Accidentally shared variable</h3>
+
+<pre>
+// ParallelWrite writes data to file1 and file2, returns the errors.
+func ParallelWrite(data []byte) chan error {
+	res := make(chan error, 2)
+	f1, err := os.Create("file1")
+	if err != nil {
+		res &lt;- err
+	} else {
+		go func() {
+			// This err is shared with the main goroutine,
+			// so the write races with the write below.
+			_, err = f1.Write(data)
+			res &lt;- err
+			f1.Close()
+		}()
+	}
+	f2, err := os.Create("file2") // The second conflicting write to err.
+	if err != nil {
+		res &lt;- err
+	} else {
+		go func() {
+			_, err = f2.Write(data)
+			res &lt;- err
+			f2.Close()
+		}()
+	}
+	return res
+}
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The fix is to introduce new variables in the goroutines (note the use of <code>:=</code>):
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+			...
+			_, err := f1.Write(data)
+			...
+			_, err := f2.Write(data)
+			...
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Unprotected_global_variable">Unprotected global variable</h3>
+
+<p>
+If the following code is called from several goroutines, it leads to races on the <code>service</code> map.
+Concurrent reads and writes of the same map are not safe:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+var service map[string]net.Addr
+
+func RegisterService(name string, addr net.Addr) {
+	service[name] = addr
+}
+
+func LookupService(name string) net.Addr {
+	return service[name]
+}
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+To make the code safe, protect the accesses with a mutex:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+var (
+	service   map[string]net.Addr
+	serviceMu sync.Mutex
+)
+
+func RegisterService(name string, addr net.Addr) {
+	serviceMu.Lock()
+	defer serviceMu.Unlock()
+	service[name] = addr
+}
+
+func LookupService(name string) net.Addr {
+	serviceMu.Lock()
+	defer serviceMu.Unlock()
+	return service[name]
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Primitive_unprotected_variable">Primitive unprotected variable</h3>
+
+<p>
+Data races can happen on variables of primitive types as well (<code>bool</code>, <code>int</code>, <code>int64</code>, etc.),
+as in this example:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+type Watchdog struct{ last int64 }
+
+func (w *Watchdog) KeepAlive() {
+	w.last = time.Now().UnixNano() // First conflicting access.
+}
+
+func (w *Watchdog) Start() {
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			time.Sleep(time.Second)
+			// Second conflicting access.
+			if w.last < time.Now().Add(-10*time.Second).UnixNano() {
+				fmt.Println("No keepalives for 10 seconds. Dying.")
+				os.Exit(1)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Even such "innocent" data races can lead to hard-to-debug problems caused by
+non-atomicity of the memory accesses,
+interference with compiler optimizations,
+or reordering issues accessing processor memory .
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A typical fix for this race is to use a channel or a mutex.
+To preserve the lock-free behavior, one can also use the
+<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/"><code>sync/atomic</code></a> package.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+type Watchdog struct{ last int64 }
+
+func (w *Watchdog) KeepAlive() {
+	atomic.StoreInt64(&amp;w.last, time.Now().UnixNano())
+}
+
+func (w *Watchdog) Start() {
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			time.Sleep(time.Second)
+			if atomic.LoadInt64(&amp;w.last) < time.Now().Add(-10*time.Second).UnixNano() {
+				fmt.Println("No keepalives for 10 seconds. Dying.")
+				os.Exit(1)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Supported_Systems">Supported Systems</h2>
+
+<p>
+  The race detector runs on
+  <code>linux/amd64</code>, <code>linux/ppc64le</code>,
+  <code>linux/arm64</code>, <code>freebsd/amd64</code>,
+  <code>netbsd/amd64</code>, <code>darwin/amd64</code>,
+  and <code>windows/amd64</code>.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="Runtime_Overheads">Runtime Overhead</h2>
+
+<p>
+The cost of race detection varies by program, but for a typical program, memory
+usage may increase by 5-10x and execution time by 2-20x.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The race detector currently allocates an extra 8 bytes per <code>defer</code>
+and <code>recover</code> statement. Those extra allocations <a
+href="https://golang.org/issue/26813">are not recovered until the goroutine
+exits</a>. This means that if you have a long-running goroutine that is
+periodically issuing <code>defer</code> and <code>recover</code> calls,
+the program memory usage may grow without bound. These memory allocations
+will not show up in the output of <code>runtime.ReadMemStats</code> or
+<code>runtime/pprof</code>.
+</p>

doc/articles/wiki/edit.html

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<h1>Editing {{.Title}}</h1>
+
+<form action="/save/{{.Title}}" method="POST">
+<div><textarea name="body" rows="20" cols="80">{{printf "%s" .Body}}</textarea></div>
+<div><input type="submit" value="Save"></div>
+</form>

doc/articles/wiki/final-noclosure.go

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"html/template"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"regexp"
+)
+
+type Page struct {
+	Title string
+	Body  []byte
+}
+
+func (p *Page) save() error {
+	filename := p.Title + ".txt"
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
+}
+
+func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
+	filename := title + ".txt"
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
+}
+
+func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title, err := getTitle(w, r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	p, err := loadPage(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Redirect(w, r, "/edit/"+title, http.StatusFound)
+		return
+	}
+	renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
+}
+
+func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title, err := getTitle(w, r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	p, err := loadPage(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		p = &Page{Title: title}
+	}
+	renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
+}
+
+func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title, err := getTitle(w, r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	body := r.FormValue("body")
+	p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
+	err = p.save()
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
+}
+
+func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
+	t, err := template.ParseFiles(tmpl + ".html")
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	err = t.Execute(w, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}
+}
+
+var validPath = regexp.MustCompile("^/(edit|save|view)/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$")
+
+func getTitle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (string, error) {
+	m := validPath.FindStringSubmatch(r.URL.Path)
+	if m == nil {
+		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		return "", errors.New("invalid Page Title")
+	}
+	return m[2], nil // The title is the second subexpression.
+}
+
+func main() {
+	http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
+	http.HandleFunc("/edit/", editHandler)
+	http.HandleFunc("/save/", saveHandler)
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
+}

doc/articles/wiki/final-noerror.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"html/template"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+type Page struct {
+	Title string
+	Body  []byte
+}
+
+func (p *Page) save() error {
+	filename := p.Title + ".txt"
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
+}
+
+func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
+	filename := title + ".txt"
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
+}
+
+func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title := r.URL.Path[len("/edit/"):]
+	p, err := loadPage(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		p = &Page{Title: title}
+	}
+	t, _ := template.ParseFiles("edit.html")
+	t.Execute(w, p)
+}
+
+func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
+	p, _ := loadPage(title)
+	t, _ := template.ParseFiles("view.html")
+	t.Execute(w, p)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
+	http.HandleFunc("/edit/", editHandler)
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
+}

doc/articles/wiki/final-parsetemplate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"html/template"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"regexp"
+)
+
+type Page struct {
+	Title string
+	Body  []byte
+}
+
+func (p *Page) save() error {
+	filename := p.Title + ".txt"
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
+}
+
+func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
+	filename := title + ".txt"
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
+}
+
+func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
+	p, err := loadPage(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Redirect(w, r, "/edit/"+title, http.StatusFound)
+		return
+	}
+	renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
+}
+
+func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
+	p, err := loadPage(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		p = &Page{Title: title}
+	}
+	renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
+}
+
+func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
+	body := r.FormValue("body")
+	p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
+	err := p.save()
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
+}
+
+func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
+	t, err := template.ParseFiles(tmpl + ".html")
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	err = t.Execute(w, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}
+}
+
+var validPath = regexp.MustCompile("^/(edit|save|view)/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$")
+
+func makeHandler(fn func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, string)) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		m := validPath.FindStringSubmatch(r.URL.Path)
+		if m == nil {
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		fn(w, r, m[2])
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	http.HandleFunc("/view/", makeHandler(viewHandler))
+	http.HandleFunc("/edit/", makeHandler(editHandler))
+	http.HandleFunc("/save/", makeHandler(saveHandler))
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
+}

doc/articles/wiki/final-template.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"html/template"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+type Page struct {
+	Title string
+	Body  []byte
+}
+
+func (p *Page) save() error {
+	filename := p.Title + ".txt"
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
+}
+
+func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
+	filename := title + ".txt"
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
+}
+
+func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title := r.URL.Path[len("/edit/"):]
+	p, err := loadPage(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		p = &Page{Title: title}
+	}
+	renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
+}
+
+func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
+	p, _ := loadPage(title)
+	renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
+}
+
+func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title := r.URL.Path[len("/save/"):]
+	body := r.FormValue("body")
+	p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
+	p.save()
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
+}
+
+func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
+	t, _ := template.ParseFiles(tmpl + ".html")
+	t.Execute(w, p)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
+	http.HandleFunc("/edit/", editHandler)
+	http.HandleFunc("/save/", saveHandler)
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
+}

doc/articles/wiki/final.go

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"html/template"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"regexp"
+)
+
+type Page struct {
+	Title string
+	Body  []byte
+}
+
+func (p *Page) save() error {
+	filename := p.Title + ".txt"
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
+}
+
+func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
+	filename := title + ".txt"
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
+}
+
+func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
+	p, err := loadPage(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Redirect(w, r, "/edit/"+title, http.StatusFound)
+		return
+	}
+	renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
+}
+
+func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
+	p, err := loadPage(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		p = &Page{Title: title}
+	}
+	renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
+}
+
+func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string) {
+	body := r.FormValue("body")
+	p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
+	err := p.save()
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
+}
+
+var templates = template.Must(template.ParseFiles("edit.html", "view.html"))
+
+func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
+	err := templates.ExecuteTemplate(w, tmpl+".html", p)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}
+}
+
+var validPath = regexp.MustCompile("^/(edit|save|view)/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$")
+
+func makeHandler(fn func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, string)) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		m := validPath.FindStringSubmatch(r.URL.Path)
+		if m == nil {
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		fn(w, r, m[2])
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	http.HandleFunc("/view/", makeHandler(viewHandler))
+	http.HandleFunc("/edit/", makeHandler(editHandler))
+	http.HandleFunc("/save/", makeHandler(saveHandler))
+
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
+}

doc/articles/wiki/final_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+func serve() error {
+	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(l.Addr().String())
+	s := &http.Server{}
+	return s.Serve(l)
+}

doc/articles/wiki/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module doc/articles/wiki
+
+go 1.14

doc/articles/wiki/http-sample.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hi there, I love %s!", r.URL.Path[1:])
+}
+
+func main() {
+	http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
+}

doc/articles/wiki/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,740 @@
+<!--{
+	"Title": "Writing Web Applications",
+	"Template": true
+}-->
+
+<h2>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>
+Covered in this tutorial:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Creating a data structure with load and save methods</li>
+<li>Using the <code>net/http</code> package to build web applications
+<li>Using the <code>html/template</code> package to process HTML templates</li>
+<li>Using the <code>regexp</code> package to validate user input</li>
+<li>Using closures</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+Assumed knowledge:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Programming experience</li>
+<li>Understanding of basic web technologies (HTTP, HTML)</li>
+<li>Some UNIX/DOS command-line knowledge</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2>Getting Started</h2>
+
+<p>
+At present, you need to have a FreeBSD, Linux, OS X, or Windows machine to run Go.
+We will use <code>$</code> to represent the command prompt.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Install Go (see the <a href="/doc/install">Installation Instructions</a>).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Make a new directory for this tutorial inside your <code>GOPATH</code> and cd to it:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+$ mkdir gowiki
+$ cd gowiki
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Create a file named <code>wiki.go</code>, open it in your favorite editor, and
+add the following lines:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+We import the <code>fmt</code> and <code>ioutil</code> packages from the Go
+standard library. Later, as we implement additional functionality, we will
+add more packages to this <code>import</code> declaration.
+</p>
+
+<h2>Data Structures</h2>
+
+<p>
+Let's start by defining the data structures. A wiki consists of a series of
+interconnected pages, each of which has a title and a body (the page content).
+Here, we define <code>Page</code> as a struct with two fields representing
+the title and body.
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part1.go" `/^type Page/` `/}/`}}
+
+<p>
+The type <code>[]byte</code> means "a <code>byte</code> slice".
+(See <a href="/doc/articles/slices_usage_and_internals.html">Slices: usage and
+internals</a> for more on slices.)
+The <code>Body</code> element is a <code>[]byte</code> rather than
+<code>string</code> because that is the type expected by the <code>io</code>
+libraries we will use, as you'll see below.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <code>Page</code> struct describes how page data will be stored in memory.
+But what about persistent storage? We can address that by creating a
+<code>save</code> method on <code>Page</code>:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part1.go" `/^func.*Page.*save/` `/}/`}}
+
+<p>
+This method's signature reads: "This is a method named <code>save</code> that
+takes as its receiver <code>p</code>, a pointer to <code>Page</code> . It takes
+no parameters, and returns a value of type <code>error</code>."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+This method will save the <code>Page</code>'s <code>Body</code> to a text
+file. For simplicity, we will use the <code>Title</code> as the file name.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <code>save</code> method returns an <code>error</code> value because
+that is the return type of <code>WriteFile</code> (a standard library function
+that writes a byte slice to a file).  The <code>save</code> method returns the
+error value, to let the application handle it should anything go wrong while
+writing the file.  If all goes well, <code>Page.save()</code> will return
+<code>nil</code> (the zero-value for pointers, interfaces, and some other
+types).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The octal integer literal <code>0600</code>, passed as the third parameter to
+<code>WriteFile</code>, indicates that the file should be created with
+read-write permissions for the current user only. (See the Unix man page
+<code>open(2)</code> for details.)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In addition to saving pages, we will want to load pages, too:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part1-noerror.go" `/^func loadPage/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+The function <code>loadPage</code> constructs the file name from the title
+parameter, reads the file's contents into a new variable <code>body</code>, and
+returns a pointer to a <code>Page</code> literal constructed with the proper
+title and body values.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Functions can return multiple values. The standard library function
+<code>io.ReadFile</code> returns <code>[]byte</code> and <code>error</code>.
+In <code>loadPage</code>, error isn't being handled yet; the "blank identifier"
+represented by the underscore (<code>_</code>) symbol is used to throw away the
+error return value (in essence, assigning the value to nothing).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+But what happens if <code>ReadFile</code> encounters an error?  For example,
+the file might not exist. We should not ignore such errors.  Let's modify the
+function to return <code>*Page</code> and <code>error</code>.
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part1.go" `/^func loadPage/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+Callers of this function can now check the second parameter; if it is
+<code>nil</code> then it has successfully loaded a Page. If not, it will be an
+<code>error</code> that can be handled by the caller (see the
+<a href="/ref/spec#Errors">language specification</a> for details).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+At this point we have a simple data structure and the ability to save to and
+load from a file. Let's write a <code>main</code> function to test what we've
+written:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part1.go" `/^func main/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+After compiling and executing this code, a file named <code>TestPage.txt</code>
+would be created, containing the contents of <code>p1</code>. The file would
+then be read into the struct <code>p2</code>, and its <code>Body</code> element
+printed to the screen.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+You can compile and run the program like this:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+$ go build wiki.go
+$ ./wiki
+This is a sample Page.
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+(If you're using Windows you must type "<code>wiki</code>" without the
+"<code>./</code>" to run the program.)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="part1.go">Click here to view the code we've written so far.</a>
+</p>
+
+<h2>Introducing the <code>net/http</code> package (an interlude)</h2>
+
+<p>
+Here's a full working example of a simple web server:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/http-sample.go"}}
+
+<p>
+The <code>main</code> function begins with a call to
+<code>http.HandleFunc</code>, which tells the <code>http</code> package to
+handle all requests to the web root (<code>"/"</code>) with
+<code>handler</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It then calls <code>http.ListenAndServe</code>, specifying that it should
+listen on port 8080 on any interface (<code>":8080"</code>). (Don't
+worry about its second parameter, <code>nil</code>, for now.)
+This function will block until the program is terminated.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<code>ListenAndServe</code> always returns an error, since it only returns when an
+unexpected error occurs.
+In order to log that error we wrap the function call with <code>log.Fatal</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The function <code>handler</code> is of the type <code>http.HandlerFunc</code>.
+It takes an <code>http.ResponseWriter</code> and an <code>http.Request</code> as
+its arguments.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+An <code>http.ResponseWriter</code> value assembles the HTTP server's response; by writing
+to it, we send data to the HTTP client.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+An <code>http.Request</code> is a data structure that represents the client
+HTTP request. <code>r.URL.Path</code> is the path component
+of the request URL. The trailing <code>[1:]</code> means
+"create a sub-slice of <code>Path</code> from the 1st character to the end."
+This drops the leading "/" from the path name.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If you run this program and access the URL:
+</p>
+<pre>http://localhost:8080/monkeys</pre>
+<p>
+the program would present a page containing:
+</p>
+<pre>Hi there, I love monkeys!</pre>
+
+<h2>Using <code>net/http</code> to serve wiki pages</h2>
+
+<p>
+To use the <code>net/http</code> package, it must be imported:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	<b>"net/http"</b>
+)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Let's create a handler, <code>viewHandler</code> that will allow users to
+view a wiki page. It will handle URLs prefixed with "/view/".
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part2.go" `/^func viewHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+Again, note the use of <code>_</code> to ignore the <code>error</code>
+return value from <code>loadPage</code>. This is done here for simplicity
+and generally considered bad practice. We will attend to this later.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+First, this function extracts the page title from <code>r.URL.Path</code>,
+the path component of the request URL.
+The <code>Path</code> is re-sliced with <code>[len("/view/"):]</code> to drop
+the leading <code>"/view/"</code> component of the request path.
+This is because the path will invariably begin with <code>"/view/"</code>,
+which is not part of the page's title.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The function then loads the page data, formats the page with a string of simple
+HTML, and writes it to <code>w</code>, the <code>http.ResponseWriter</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To use this handler, we rewrite our <code>main</code> function to
+initialize <code>http</code> using the <code>viewHandler</code> to handle
+any requests under the path <code>/view/</code>.
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part2.go" `/^func main/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+<a href="part2.go">Click here to view the code we've written so far.</a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Let's create some page data (as <code>test.txt</code>), compile our code, and
+try serving a wiki page.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Open <code>test.txt</code> file in your editor, and save the string "Hello world" (without quotes)
+in it.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+$ go build wiki.go
+$ ./wiki
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+(If you're using Windows you must type "<code>wiki</code>" without the
+"<code>./</code>" to run the program.)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+With this web server running, a visit to <code><a
+href="http://localhost:8080/view/test">http://localhost:8080/view/test</a></code>
+should show a page titled "test" containing the words "Hello world".
+</p>
+
+<h2>Editing Pages</h2>
+
+<p>
+A wiki is not a wiki without the ability to edit pages. Let's create two new
+handlers: one named <code>editHandler</code> to display an 'edit page' form,
+and the other named <code>saveHandler</code> to save the data entered via the
+form.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+First, we add them to <code>main()</code>:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noclosure.go" `/^func main/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+The function <code>editHandler</code> loads the page
+(or, if it doesn't exist, create an empty <code>Page</code> struct),
+and displays an HTML form.
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/notemplate.go" `/^func editHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+This function will work fine, but all that hard-coded HTML is ugly.
+Of course, there is a better way.
+</p>
+
+<h2>The <code>html/template</code> package</h2>
+
+<p>
+The <code>html/template</code> package is part of the Go standard library.
+We can use <code>html/template</code> to keep the HTML in a separate file,
+allowing us to change the layout of our edit page without modifying the
+underlying Go code.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+First, we must add <code>html/template</code> to the list of imports. We
+also won't be using <code>fmt</code> anymore, so we have to remove that.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+import (
+	<b>"html/template"</b>
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Let's create a template file containing the HTML form.
+Open a new file named <code>edit.html</code>, and add the following lines:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/edit.html"}}
+
+<p>
+Modify <code>editHandler</code> to use the template, instead of the hard-coded
+HTML:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noerror.go" `/^func editHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+The function <code>template.ParseFiles</code> will read the contents of
+<code>edit.html</code> and return a <code>*template.Template</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The method <code>t.Execute</code> executes the template, writing the
+generated HTML to the <code>http.ResponseWriter</code>.
+The <code>.Title</code> and <code>.Body</code> dotted identifiers refer to
+<code>p.Title</code> and <code>p.Body</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Template directives are enclosed in double curly braces.
+The <code>printf "%s" .Body</code> instruction is a function call
+that outputs <code>.Body</code> as a string instead of a stream of bytes,
+the same as a call to <code>fmt.Printf</code>.
+The <code>html/template</code> package helps guarantee that only safe and
+correct-looking HTML is generated by template actions. For instance, it
+automatically escapes any greater than sign (<code>&gt;</code>), replacing it
+with <code>&amp;gt;</code>, to make sure user data does not corrupt the form
+HTML.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Since we're working with templates now, let's create a template for our
+<code>viewHandler</code> called <code>view.html</code>:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/view.html"}}
+
+<p>
+Modify <code>viewHandler</code> accordingly:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noerror.go" `/^func viewHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+Notice that we've used almost exactly the same templating code in both
+handlers. Let's remove this duplication by moving the templating code
+to its own function:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-template.go" `/^func renderTemplate/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+And modify the handlers to use that function:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-template.go" `/^func viewHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-template.go" `/^func editHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+If we comment out the registration of our unimplemented save handler in
+<code>main</code>, we can once again build and test our program.
+<a href="part3.go">Click here to view the code we've written so far.</a>
+</p>
+
+<h2>Handling non-existent pages</h2>
+
+<p>
+What if you visit <a href="http://localhost:8080/view/APageThatDoesntExist">
+<code>/view/APageThatDoesntExist</code></a>? You'll see a page containing
+HTML. This is because it ignores the error return value from
+<code>loadPage</code> and continues to try and fill out the template
+with no data. Instead, if the requested Page doesn't exist, it should
+redirect the client to the edit Page so the content may be created:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part3-errorhandling.go" `/^func viewHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+The <code>http.Redirect</code> function adds an HTTP status code of
+<code>http.StatusFound</code> (302) and a <code>Location</code>
+header to the HTTP response.
+</p>
+
+<h2>Saving Pages</h2>
+
+<p>
+The function <code>saveHandler</code> will handle the submission of forms
+located on the edit pages. After uncommenting the related line in
+<code>main</code>, let's implement the handler:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-template.go" `/^func saveHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+The page title (provided in the URL) and the form's only field,
+<code>Body</code>, are stored in a new <code>Page</code>.
+The <code>save()</code> method is then called to write the data to a file,
+and the client is redirected to the <code>/view/</code> page.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The value returned by <code>FormValue</code> is of type <code>string</code>.
+We must convert that value to <code>[]byte</code> before it will fit into
+the <code>Page</code> struct. We use <code>[]byte(body)</code> to perform
+the conversion.
+</p>
+
+<h2>Error handling</h2>
+
+<p>
+There are several places in our program where errors are being ignored.  This
+is bad practice, not least because when an error does occur the program will
+have unintended behavior. A better solution is to handle the errors and return
+an error message to the user. That way if something does go wrong, the server
+will function exactly how we want and the user can be notified.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+First, let's handle the errors in <code>renderTemplate</code>:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-parsetemplate.go" `/^func renderTemplate/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+The <code>http.Error</code> function sends a specified HTTP response code
+(in this case "Internal Server Error") and error message.
+Already the decision to put this in a separate function is paying off.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Now let's fix up <code>saveHandler</code>:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/part3-errorhandling.go" `/^func saveHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+Any errors that occur during <code>p.save()</code> will be reported
+to the user.
+</p>
+
+<h2>Template caching</h2>
+
+<p>
+There is an inefficiency in this code: <code>renderTemplate</code> calls
+<code>ParseFiles</code> every time a page is rendered.
+A better approach would be to call <code>ParseFiles</code> once at program
+initialization, parsing all templates into a single <code>*Template</code>.
+Then we can use the
+<a href="/pkg/html/template/#Template.ExecuteTemplate"><code>ExecuteTemplate</code></a>
+method to render a specific template.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+First we create a global variable named <code>templates</code>, and initialize
+it with <code>ParseFiles</code>.
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/var templates/`}}
+
+<p>
+The function <code>template.Must</code> is a convenience wrapper that panics
+when passed a non-nil <code>error</code> value, and otherwise returns the
+<code>*Template</code> unaltered. A panic is appropriate here; if the templates
+can't be loaded the only sensible thing to do is exit the program.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <code>ParseFiles</code> function takes any number of string arguments that
+identify our template files, and parses those files into templates that are
+named after the base file name. If we were to add more templates to our
+program, we would add their names to the <code>ParseFiles</code> call's
+arguments.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We then modify the <code>renderTemplate</code> function to call the
+<code>templates.ExecuteTemplate</code> method with the name of the appropriate
+template:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/func renderTemplate/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+Note that the template name is the template file name, so we must
+append <code>".html"</code> to the <code>tmpl</code> argument.
+</p>
+
+<h2>Validation</h2>
+
+<p>
+As you may have observed, this program has a serious security flaw: a user
+can supply an arbitrary path to be read/written on the server. To mitigate
+this, we can write a function to validate the title with a regular expression.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+First, add <code>"regexp"</code> to the <code>import</code> list.
+Then we can create a global variable to store our validation
+expression:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noclosure.go" `/^var validPath/`}}
+
+<p>
+The function <code>regexp.MustCompile</code> will parse and compile the
+regular expression, and return a <code>regexp.Regexp</code>.
+<code>MustCompile</code> is distinct from <code>Compile</code> in that it will
+panic if the expression compilation fails, while <code>Compile</code> returns
+an <code>error</code> as a second parameter.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Now, let's write a function that uses the <code>validPath</code>
+expression to validate path and extract the page title:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noclosure.go" `/func getTitle/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+If the title is valid, it will be returned along with a <code>nil</code>
+error value. If the title is invalid, the function will write a
+"404 Not Found" error to the HTTP connection, and return an error to the
+handler. To create a new error, we have to import the <code>errors</code>
+package.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Let's put a call to <code>getTitle</code> in each of the handlers:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noclosure.go" `/^func viewHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noclosure.go" `/^func editHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final-noclosure.go" `/^func saveHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<h2>Introducing Function Literals and Closures</h2>
+
+<p>
+Catching the error condition in each handler introduces a lot of repeated code.
+What if we could wrap each of the handlers in a function that does this
+validation and error checking? Go's
+<a href="/ref/spec#Function_literals">function
+literals</a> provide a powerful means of abstracting functionality
+that can help us here.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+First, we re-write the function definition of each of the handlers to accept
+a title string:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string)
+func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string)
+func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, title string)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Now let's define a wrapper function that <i>takes a function of the above
+type</i>, and returns a function of type <code>http.HandlerFunc</code>
+(suitable to be passed to the function <code>http.HandleFunc</code>):
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+func makeHandler(fn func (http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, string)) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		// Here we will extract the page title from the Request,
+		// and call the provided handler 'fn'
+	}
+}
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The returned function is called a closure because it encloses values defined
+outside of it. In this case, the variable <code>fn</code> (the single argument
+to <code>makeHandler</code>) is enclosed by the closure. The variable
+<code>fn</code> will be one of our save, edit, or view handlers.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Now we can take the code from <code>getTitle</code> and use it here
+(with some minor modifications):
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/func makeHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+The closure returned by <code>makeHandler</code> is a function that takes
+an <code>http.ResponseWriter</code> and <code>http.Request</code> (in other
+words, an <code>http.HandlerFunc</code>).
+The closure extracts the <code>title</code> from the request path, and
+validates it with the <code>TitleValidator</code> regexp. If the
+<code>title</code> is invalid, an error will be written to the
+<code>ResponseWriter</code> using the <code>http.NotFound</code> function.
+If the <code>title</code> is valid, the enclosed handler function
+<code>fn</code> will be called with the <code>ResponseWriter</code>,
+<code>Request</code>, and <code>title</code> as arguments.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Now we can wrap the handler functions with <code>makeHandler</code> in
+<code>main</code>, before they are registered with the <code>http</code>
+package:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/func main/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<p>
+Finally we remove the calls to <code>getTitle</code> from the handler functions,
+making them much simpler:
+</p>
+
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/^func viewHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/^func editHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+{{code "doc/articles/wiki/final.go" `/^func saveHandler/` `/^}/`}}
+
+<h2>Try it out!</h2>
+
+<p>
+<a href="final.go">Click here to view the final code listing.</a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Recompile the code, and run the app:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+$ go build wiki.go
+$ ./wiki
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Visiting <a href="http://localhost:8080/view/ANewPage">http://localhost:8080/view/ANewPage</a>
+should present you with the page edit form. You should then be able to
+enter some text, click 'Save', and be redirected to the newly created page.
+</p>
+
+<h2>Other tasks</h2>
+
+<p>
+Here are some simple tasks you might want to tackle on your own:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Store templates in <code>tmpl/</code> and page data in <code>data/</code>.
+<li>Add a handler to make the web root redirect to
+	<code>/view/FrontPage</code>.</li>
+<li>Spruce up the page templates by making them valid HTML and adding some
+	CSS rules.</li>
+<li>Implement inter-page linking by converting instances of
+	<code>[PageName]</code> to <br>
+	<code>&lt;a href="/view/PageName"&gt;PageName&lt;/a&gt;</code>.
+	(hint: you could use <code>regexp.ReplaceAllFunc</code> to do this)
+	</li>
+</ul>

doc/articles/wiki/notemplate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+type Page struct {
+	Title string
+	Body  []byte
+}
+
+func (p *Page) save() error {
+	filename := p.Title + ".txt"
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
+}
+
+func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
+	filename := title + ".txt"
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
+}
+
+func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
+	p, _ := loadPage(title)
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "<h1>%s</h1><div>%s</div>", p.Title, p.Body)
+}
+
+func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title := r.URL.Path[len("/edit/"):]
+	p, err := loadPage(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		p = &Page{Title: title}
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "<h1>Editing %s</h1>"+
+		"<form action=\"/save/%s\" method=\"POST\">"+
+		"<textarea name=\"body\">%s</textarea><br>"+
+		"<input type=\"submit\" value=\"Save\">"+
+		"</form>",
+		p.Title, p.Title, p.Body)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
+	http.HandleFunc("/edit/", editHandler)
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
+}

doc/articles/wiki/part1-noerror.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+)
+
+type Page struct {
+	Title string
+	Body  []byte
+}
+
+func (p *Page) save() error {
+	filename := p.Title + ".txt"
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
+}
+
+func loadPage(title string) *Page {
+	filename := title + ".txt"
+	body, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
+	return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	p1 := &Page{Title: "TestPage", Body: []byte("This is a sample page.")}
+	p1.save()
+	p2 := loadPage("TestPage")
+	fmt.Println(string(p2.Body))
+}

doc/articles/wiki/part1.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+)
+
+type Page struct {
+	Title string
+	Body  []byte
+}
+
+func (p *Page) save() error {
+	filename := p.Title + ".txt"
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
+}
+
+func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
+	filename := title + ".txt"
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
+}
+
+func main() {
+	p1 := &Page{Title: "TestPage", Body: []byte("This is a sample Page.")}
+	p1.save()
+	p2, _ := loadPage("TestPage")
+	fmt.Println(string(p2.Body))
+}

doc/articles/wiki/part2.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+type Page struct {
+	Title string
+	Body  []byte
+}
+
+func (p *Page) save() error {
+	filename := p.Title + ".txt"
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
+}
+
+func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
+	filename := title + ".txt"
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
+}
+
+func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
+	p, _ := loadPage(title)
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "<h1>%s</h1><div>%s</div>", p.Title, p.Body)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
+}

doc/articles/wiki/part3-errorhandling.go

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"html/template"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+type Page struct {
+	Title string
+	Body  []byte
+}
+
+func (p *Page) save() error {
+	filename := p.Title + ".txt"
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
+}
+
+func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
+	filename := title + ".txt"
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
+}
+
+func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
+	t, _ := template.ParseFiles(tmpl + ".html")
+	t.Execute(w, p)
+}
+
+func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
+	p, err := loadPage(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Redirect(w, r, "/edit/"+title, http.StatusFound)
+		return
+	}
+	renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
+}
+
+func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title := r.URL.Path[len("/edit/"):]
+	p, err := loadPage(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		p = &Page{Title: title}
+	}
+	renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
+}
+
+func saveHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title := r.URL.Path[len("/save/"):]
+	body := r.FormValue("body")
+	p := &Page{Title: title, Body: []byte(body)}
+	err := p.save()
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/view/"+title, http.StatusFound)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
+	http.HandleFunc("/edit/", editHandler)
+	http.HandleFunc("/save/", saveHandler)
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
+}

doc/articles/wiki/part3.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"html/template"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+type Page struct {
+	Title string
+	Body  []byte
+}
+
+func (p *Page) save() error {
+	filename := p.Title + ".txt"
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(filename, p.Body, 0600)
+}
+
+func loadPage(title string) (*Page, error) {
+	filename := title + ".txt"
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Page{Title: title, Body: body}, nil
+}
+
+func renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, tmpl string, p *Page) {
+	t, _ := template.ParseFiles(tmpl + ".html")
+	t.Execute(w, p)
+}
+
+func viewHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title := r.URL.Path[len("/view/"):]
+	p, _ := loadPage(title)
+	renderTemplate(w, "view", p)
+}
+
+func editHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	title := r.URL.Path[len("/edit/"):]
+	p, err := loadPage(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		p = &Page{Title: title}
+	}
+	renderTemplate(w, "edit", p)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	http.HandleFunc("/view/", viewHandler)
+	http.HandleFunc("/edit/", editHandler)
+	//http.HandleFunc("/save/", saveHandler)
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
+}

doc/articles/wiki/test_Test.txt.good

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+some content

doc/articles/wiki/test_edit.good

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<h1>Editing Test</h1>
+
+<form action="/save/Test" method="POST">
+<div><textarea name="body" rows="20" cols="80"></textarea></div>
+<div><input type="submit" value="Save"></div>
+</form>

doc/articles/wiki/test_view.good

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<h1>Test</h1>
+
+<p>[<a href="/edit/Test">edit</a>]</p>
+
+<div>some content</div>

doc/articles/wiki/view.html

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<h1>{{.Title}}</h1>
+
+<p>[<a href="/edit/{{.Title}}">edit</a>]</p>
+
+<div>{{printf "%s" .Body}}</div>

doc/articles/wiki/wiki_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestSnippetsCompile(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("skipping slow builds in short mode")
+	}
+
+	goFiles, err := filepath.Glob("*.go")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	for _, f := range goFiles {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(f, "_test.go") {
+			continue
+		}
+		f := f
+		t.Run(f, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-o", os.DevNull, f)
+			out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, out)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWikiServer(t *testing.T) {
+	must := func(err error) {
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Helper()
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", t.Name())
+	must(err)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	// We're testing a walkthrough example of how to write a server.
+	//
+	// That server hard-codes a port number to make the walkthrough simpler, but
+	// we can't assume that the hard-coded port is available on an arbitrary
+	// builder. So we'll patch out the hard-coded port, and replace it with a
+	// function that writes the server's address to stdout
+	// so that we can read it and know where to send the test requests.
+
+	finalGo, err := ioutil.ReadFile("final.go")
+	must(err)
+	const patchOld = `log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))`
+	patched := bytes.ReplaceAll(finalGo, []byte(patchOld), []byte(`log.Fatal(serve())`))
+	if bytes.Equal(patched, finalGo) {
+		t.Fatalf("Can't patch final.go: %q not found.", patchOld)
+	}
+	must(ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "final_patched.go"), patched, 0644))
+
+	// Build the server binary from the patched sources.
+	// The 'go' command requires that they all be in the same directory.
+	// final_test.go provides the implemtation for our serve function.
+	must(copyFile(filepath.Join(dir, "final_srv.go"), "final_test.go"))
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", "build",
+		"-o", filepath.Join(dir, "final.exe"),
+		filepath.Join(dir, "final_patched.go"),
+		filepath.Join(dir, "final_srv.go"))
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, out)
+	}
+
+	// Run the server in our temporary directory so that it can
+	// write its content there. It also needs a couple of template files,
+	// and looks for them in the same directory.
+	must(copyFile(filepath.Join(dir, "edit.html"), "edit.html"))
+	must(copyFile(filepath.Join(dir, "view.html"), "view.html"))
+	cmd = exec.Command(filepath.Join(dir, "final.exe"))
+	cmd.Dir = dir
+	stderr := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	cmd.Stderr = stderr
+	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	must(err)
+	must(cmd.Start())
+
+	defer func() {
+		cmd.Process.Kill()
+		err := cmd.Wait()
+		if stderr.Len() > 0 {
+			t.Logf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, stderr)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	var addr string
+	if _, err := fmt.Fscanln(stdout, &addr); err != nil || addr == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to read server address: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// The server is up and has told us its address.
+	// Make sure that its HTTP API works as described in the article.
+
+	r, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/edit/Test", addr))
+	must(err)
+	responseMustMatchFile(t, r, "test_edit.good")
+
+	r, err = http.Post(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/save/Test", addr),
+		"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+		strings.NewReader("body=some%20content"))
+	must(err)
+	responseMustMatchFile(t, r, "test_view.good")
+
+	gotTxt, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "Test.txt"))
+	must(err)
+	wantTxt, err := ioutil.ReadFile("test_Test.txt.good")
+	must(err)
+	if !bytes.Equal(wantTxt, gotTxt) {
+		t.Fatalf("Test.txt differs from expected after posting to /save.\ngot:\n%s\nwant:\n%s", gotTxt, wantTxt)
+	}
+
+	r, err = http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/view/Test", addr))
+	must(err)
+	responseMustMatchFile(t, r, "test_view.good")
+}
+
+func responseMustMatchFile(t *testing.T, r *http.Response, filename string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	defer r.Body.Close()
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	wantBody, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if !bytes.Equal(body, wantBody) {
+		t.Fatalf("%v: body does not match %s.\ngot:\n%s\nwant:\n%s", r.Request.URL, filename, body, wantBody)
+	}
+}
+
+func copyFile(dst, src string) error {
+	buf, err := ioutil.ReadFile(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(dst, buf, 0644)
+}

doc/asm.html

@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ it is a distinct program, so there are some differences.
 One is in constant evaluation.
 Constant expressions in the assembler are parsed using Go's operator
 precedence, not the C-like precedence of the original.
-Thus <code>3&amp;1&lt;&lt;2</code> is 4, not 0—it parses as <code>(3&amp;1)&lt;&lt;2</code>
-not <code>3&amp;(1&lt;&lt;2)</code>.
+Thus <code>3&amp;1<<2</code> is 4, not 0—it parses as <code>(3&amp;1)<<2</code>
+not <code>3&amp;(1<<2)</code>.
 Also, constants are always evaluated as 64-bit unsigned integers.
 Thus <code>-2</code> is not the integer value minus two,
 but the unsigned 64-bit integer with the same bit pattern.
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ jumps and branches.
 </li>
 
 <li>
-<code>SP</code>: Stack pointer: the highest address within the local stack frame.
+<code>SP</code>: Stack pointer: top of stack.
 </li>
 
 </ul>
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ If a Go prototype does not name its result, the expected assembly name is <code>
 The <code>SP</code> pseudo-register is a virtual stack pointer
 used to refer to frame-local variables and the arguments being
 prepared for function calls.
-It points to the highest address within the local stack frame, so references should use negative offsets
+It points to the top of the local stack frame, so references should use negative offsets
 in the range [−framesize, 0):
 <code>x-8(SP)</code>, <code>y-4(SP)</code>, and so on.
 </p>
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ The linker will choose one of the duplicates to use.
 (For <code>TEXT</code> items.)
 Don't insert the preamble to check if the stack must be split.
 The frame for the routine, plus anything it calls, must fit in the
-spare space remaining in the current stack segment.
+spare space at the top of the stack segment.
 Used to protect routines such as the stack splitting code itself.
 </li>
 <li>
@@ -437,84 +437,8 @@ This is a wrapper function and should not count as disabling <code>recover</code
 (For <code>TEXT</code> items.)
 This function is a closure so it uses its incoming context register.
 </li>
-<li>
-<code>LOCAL</code> = 128
-<br>
-This symbol is local to the dynamic shared object.
-</li>
-<li>
-<code>TLSBSS</code> = 256
-<br>
-(For <code>DATA</code> and <code>GLOBL</code> items.)
-Put this data in thread local storage.
-</li>
-<li>
-<code>NOFRAME</code> = 512
-<br>
-(For <code>TEXT</code> items.)
-Do not insert instructions to allocate a stack frame and save/restore the return
-address, even if this is not a leaf function.
-Only valid on functions that declare a frame size of 0.
-</li>
-<li>
-<code>TOPFRAME</code> = 2048
-<br>
-(For <code>TEXT</code> items.)
-Function is the outermost frame of the call stack. Traceback should stop at this function.
-</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h3 id="data-offsets">Interacting with Go types and constants</h3>
-
-<p>
-If a package has any .s files, then <code>go build</code> will direct
-the compiler to emit a special header called <code>go_asm.h</code>,
-which the .s files can then <code>#include</code>.
-The file contains symbolic <code>#define</code> constants for the
-offsets of Go struct fields, the sizes of Go struct types, and most
-Go <code>const</code> declarations defined in the current package.
-Go assembly should avoid making assumptions about the layout of Go
-types and instead use these constants.
-This improves the readability of assembly code, and keeps it robust to
-changes in data layout either in the Go type definitions or in the
-layout rules used by the Go compiler.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Constants are of the form <code>const_<i>name</i></code>.
-For example, given the Go declaration <code>const bufSize =
-1024</code>, assembly code can refer to the value of this constant
-as <code>const_bufSize</code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Field offsets are of the form <code><i>type</i>_<i>field</i></code>.
-Struct sizes are of the form <code><i>type</i>__size</code>.
-For example, consider the following Go definition:
-</p>
-
-<pre>
-type reader struct {
-	buf [bufSize]byte
-	r   int
-}
-</pre>
-
-<p>
-Assembly can refer to the size of this struct
-as <code>reader__size</code> and the offsets of the two fields
-as <code>reader_buf</code> and <code>reader_r</code>.
-Hence, if register <code>R1</code> contains a pointer to
-a <code>reader</code>, assembly can reference the <code>r</code> field
-as <code>reader_r(R1)</code>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-If any of these <code>#define</code> names are ambiguous (for example,
-a struct with a <code>_size</code> field), <code>#include
-"go_asm.h"</code> will fail with a "redefinition of macro" error.
-</p>
-
 <h3 id="runtime">Runtime Coordination</h3>
 
 <p>
@@ -666,15 +590,21 @@ Here follow some descriptions of key Go-specific details for the supported archi
 <p>
 The runtime pointer to the <code>g</code> structure is maintained
 through the value of an otherwise unused (as far as Go is concerned) register in the MMU.
-In the runtime package, assembly code can include <code>go_tls.h</code>, which defines
-an OS- and architecture-dependent macro <code>get_tls</code> for accessing this register.
-The <code>get_tls</code> macro takes one argument, which is the register to load the
-<code>g</code> pointer into.
+An OS-dependent macro <code>get_tls</code> is defined for the assembler if the source is
+in the <code>runtime</code> package and includes a special header, <code>go_tls.h</code>:
 </p>
 
+<pre>
+#include "go_tls.h"
+</pre>
+
 <p>
-For example, the sequence to load <code>g</code> and <code>m</code>
-using <code>CX</code> looks like this:
+Within the runtime, the <code>get_tls</code> macro loads its argument register
+with a pointer to the <code>g</code> pointer, and the <code>g</code> struct
+contains the <code>m</code> pointer.
+There's another special header containing the offsets for each
+element of <code>g</code>, called <code>go_asm.h</code>.
+The sequence to load <code>g</code> and <code>m</code> using <code>CX</code> looks like this:
 </p>
 
 <pre>
@@ -687,7 +617,8 @@ MOVL	g_m(AX), BX   // Move g.m into BX.
 </pre>
 
 <p>
-The <code>get_tls</code> macro is also defined on <a href="#amd64">amd64</a>.
+Note: The code above works only in the <code>runtime</code> package, while <code>go_tls.h</code> also
+applies to <a href="#arm">arm</a>, <a href="#amd64">amd64</a> and amd64p32, and <code>go_asm.h</code> applies to all architectures.
 </p>
 
 <p>
@@ -731,13 +662,6 @@ MOVQ	g(CX), AX     // Move g into AX.
 MOVQ	g_m(AX), BX   // Move g.m into BX.
 </pre>
 
-<p>
-Register <code>BP</code> is callee-save.
-The assembler automatically inserts <code>BP</code> save/restore when frame size is larger than zero.
-Using <code>BP</code> as a general purpose register is allowed,
-however it can interfere with sampling-based profiling.
-</p>
-
 <h3 id="arm">ARM</h3>
 
 <p>
@@ -827,6 +751,10 @@ The other codes are <code>-&gt;</code> (arithmetic right shift),
 
 <h3 id="arm64">ARM64</h3>
 
+<p>
+The ARM64 port is in an experimental state.
+</p>
+
 <p>
 <code>R18</code> is the "platform register", reserved on the Apple platform.
 To prevent accidental misuse, the register is named <code>R18_PLATFORM</code>.
@@ -914,6 +842,8 @@ This assembler is used by GOARCH values ppc64 and ppc64le.
 Reference: <a href="/pkg/cmd/internal/obj/ppc64">Go PPC64 Assembly Instructions Reference Manual</a>
 </p>
 
+</ul>
+
 <h3 id="s390x">IBM z/Architecture, a.k.a. s390x</h3>
 
 <p>

doc/cmd.html

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+<!--{
+	"Title": "Command Documentation",
+	"Path":  "/doc/cmd"
+}-->
+
+<p>
+There is a suite of programs to build and process Go source code.
+Instead of being run directly, programs in the suite are usually invoked
+by the <a href="/cmd/go/">go</a> program.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The most common way to run these programs is as a subcommand of the go program,
+for instance as <code>go fmt</code>. Run like this, the command operates on
+complete packages of Go source code, with the go program invoking the
+underlying binary with arguments appropriate to package-level processing.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The programs can also be run as stand-alone binaries, with unmodified arguments,
+using the go <code>tool</code> subcommand, such as <code>go tool cgo</code>.
+For most commands this is mainly useful for debugging.
+Some of the commands, such as <code>pprof</code>, are accessible only through
+the go <code>tool</code> subcommand.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Finally the <code>fmt</code> and <code>godoc</code> commands are installed
+as regular binaries called <code>gofmt</code> and <code>godoc</code> because
+they are so often referenced.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Click on the links for more documentation, invocation methods, and usage details.
+</p>
+
+<table class="dir">
+<tr>
+<th>Name</th>
+<th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</th>
+<th>Synopsis</th>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/cmd/go/">go</a></td>
+<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td>
+The <code>go</code> program manages Go source code and runs the other
+commands listed here.
+See the command docs for usage
+details.
+<br><br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/cmd/cgo/">cgo</a></td>
+<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Cgo enables the creation of Go packages that call C code.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/cmd/cover/">cover</a></td>
+<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Cover is a program for creating and analyzing the coverage profiles
+generated by <code>"go test -coverprofile"</code>.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/cmd/fix/">fix</a></td>
+<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Fix finds Go programs that use old features of the language and libraries
+and rewrites them to use newer ones.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/cmd/gofmt/">fmt</a></td>
+<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Fmt formats Go packages, it is also available as an independent <a href="/cmd/gofmt/">
+gofmt</a> command with more general options.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a href="//godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc/">godoc</a></td>
+<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Godoc extracts and generates documentation for Go packages.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/cmd/vet/">vet</a></td>
+<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Vet examines Go source code and reports suspicious constructs, such as Printf
+calls whose arguments do not align with the format string.</td>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>
+This is an abridged list. See the <a href="/cmd/">full command reference</a>
+for documentation of the compilers and more.
+</p>

doc/codewalk/codewalk.css

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/*
+   Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+   Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+   license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#codewalk-main {
+  text-align: left;
+  width: 100%;
+  overflow: auto;
+}
+
+#code-display {
+  border: 0;
+  width: 100%;
+}
+
+.setting {
+  font-size: 8pt;
+  color: #888888;
+  padding: 5px;
+}
+
+.hotkey {
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+/* Style for Comments (the left-hand column) */
+
+#comment-column {
+  margin: 0pt;
+  width: 30%;
+}
+
+#comment-column.right {
+  float: right;
+}
+
+#comment-column.left {
+  float: left;
+}
+
+#comment-area {
+  overflow-x: hidden;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+}
+
+.comment {
+  cursor: pointer;
+  font-size: 16px;
+  border: 2px solid #ba9836;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+  margin-right: 10px;  /* yes, for both .left and .right */
+}
+
+.comment:last-child {
+  margin-bottom: 0px;
+}
+
+.right .comment {
+  margin-left: 10px;
+}
+
+.right .comment.first {
+}
+
+.right .comment.last {
+}
+
+.left .comment.first {
+}
+
+.left .comment.last {
+}
+
+.comment.selected {
+  border-color: #99b2cb;
+}
+
+.right .comment.selected {
+  border-left-width: 12px;
+  margin-left: 0px;
+}
+
+.left .comment.selected {
+  border-right-width: 12px;
+  margin-right: 0px;
+}
+
+.comment-link {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+.comment-title {
+  font-size: small;
+  font-weight: bold;
+  background-color: #fffff0;
+  padding-right: 10px;
+  padding-left: 10px;
+  padding-top: 5px;
+  padding-bottom: 5px;
+}
+
+.right .comment-title {
+}
+
+.left .comment-title {
+}
+
+.comment.selected .comment-title {
+  background-color: #f8f8ff;
+}
+
+.comment-text {
+  overflow: auto;
+  padding-left: 10px;
+  padding-right: 10px;
+  padding-top: 10px;
+  padding-bottom: 5px;
+  font-size: small;
+  line-height: 1.3em;
+}
+
+.comment-text p {
+  margin-top: 0em;
+  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.comment-text p:last-child {
+  margin-bottom: 0em;
+}
+
+.file-name {
+  font-size: x-small;
+  padding-top: 0px;
+  padding-bottom: 5px;
+}
+
+.hidden-filepaths .file-name {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+.path-dir {
+  color: #555;
+}
+
+.path-file {
+  color: #555;
+}
+
+
+/* Style for Code (the right-hand column) */
+
+/* Wrapper for the code column to make widths get calculated correctly */
+#code-column {
+  display: block;
+  position: relative;
+  margin: 0pt;
+  width: 70%;
+}
+
+#code-column.left {
+  float: left;
+}
+
+#code-column.right {
+  float: right;
+}
+
+#code-area {
+  background-color: #f8f8ff;
+  border: 2px solid #99b2cb;
+  padding: 5px;
+}
+
+.left #code-area {
+  margin-right: -1px;
+}
+
+.right #code-area {
+  margin-left: -1px;
+}
+
+#code-header {
+  margin-bottom: 5px;
+}
+
+#code {
+  background-color: white;
+}
+
+code {
+  font-size: 100%;
+}
+
+.codewalkhighlight {
+  font-weight: bold;
+  background-color: #f8f8ff;
+}
+
+#code-display {
+  margin-top: 0px;
+  margin-bottom: 0px;
+}
+
+#sizer {
+  position: absolute;
+  cursor: col-resize;
+  left: 0px;
+  top: 0px;
+  width: 8px;
+}
+
+/* Style for options (bottom strip) */
+
+#code-options {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+#code-options > span {
+  padding-right: 20px;
+}
+
+#code-options .selected {
+  border-bottom: 1px dotted;
+}
+
+#comment-options {
+  text-align: center;
+}
+
+div#content {
+  padding-bottom: 0em;
+}

doc/codewalk/codewalk.js

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/**
+ * A class to hold information about the Codewalk Viewer.
+ * @param {jQuery} context The top element in whose context the viewer should
+ *     operate.  It will not touch any elements above this one.
+ * @constructor
+ */
+ var CodewalkViewer = function(context) {
+  this.context = context;
+
+  /**
+   * The div that contains all of the comments and their controls.
+   */
+  this.commentColumn = this.context.find('#comment-column');
+
+  /**
+   * The div that contains the comments proper.
+   */
+  this.commentArea = this.context.find('#comment-area');
+
+  /**
+   * The div that wraps the iframe with the code, as well as the drop down menu
+   * listing the different files.
+   * @type {jQuery}
+   */
+  this.codeColumn = this.context.find('#code-column');
+
+  /**
+   * The div that contains the code but excludes the options strip.
+   * @type {jQuery}
+   */
+  this.codeArea = this.context.find('#code-area');
+
+  /**
+   * The iframe that holds the code (from Sourcerer).
+   * @type {jQuery}
+   */
+  this.codeDisplay = this.context.find('#code-display');
+
+  /**
+   * The overlaid div used as a grab handle for sizing the code/comment panes.
+   * @type {jQuery}
+   */
+  this.sizer = this.context.find('#sizer');
+
+  /**
+   * The full-screen overlay that ensures we don't lose track of the mouse
+   * while dragging.
+   * @type {jQuery}
+   */
+  this.overlay = this.context.find('#overlay');
+
+  /**
+   * The hidden input field that we use to hold the focus so that we can detect
+   * shortcut keypresses.
+   * @type {jQuery}
+   */
+  this.shortcutInput = this.context.find('#shortcut-input');
+
+  /**
+   * The last comment that was selected.
+   * @type {jQuery}
+   */
+  this.lastSelected = null;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Minimum width of the comments or code pane, in pixels.
+ * @type {number}
+ */
+CodewalkViewer.MIN_PANE_WIDTH = 200;
+
+/**
+ * Navigate the code iframe to the given url and update the code popout link.
+ * @param {string} url The target URL.
+ * @param {Object} opt_window Window dependency injection for testing only.
+ */
+CodewalkViewer.prototype.navigateToCode = function(url, opt_window) {
+  if (!opt_window) opt_window = window;
+  // Each iframe is represented by two distinct objects in the DOM:  an iframe
+  // object and a window object.  These do not expose the same capabilities.
+  // Here we need to get the window representation to get the location member,
+  // so we access it directly through window[] since jQuery returns the iframe
+  // representation.
+  // We replace location rather than set so as not to create a history for code
+  // navigation.
+  opt_window['code-display'].location.replace(url);
+  var k = url.indexOf('&');
+  if (k != -1) url = url.slice(0, k);
+  k = url.indexOf('fileprint=');
+  if (k != -1) url = url.slice(k+10, url.length);
+  this.context.find('#code-popout-link').attr('href', url);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Selects the first comment from the list and forces a refresh of the code
+ * view.
+ */
+CodewalkViewer.prototype.selectFirstComment = function() {
+  // TODO(rsc): handle case where there are no comments
+  var firstSourcererLink = this.context.find('.comment:first');
+  this.changeSelectedComment(firstSourcererLink);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the target on all links nested inside comments to be _blank.
+ */
+CodewalkViewer.prototype.targetCommentLinksAtBlank = function() {
+  this.context.find('.comment a[href], #description a[href]').each(function() {
+    if (!this.target) this.target = '_blank';
+  });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Installs event handlers for all the events we care about.
+ */
+CodewalkViewer.prototype.installEventHandlers = function() {
+  var self = this;
+
+  this.context.find('.comment')
+      .click(function(event) {
+        if (jQuery(event.target).is('a[href]')) return true;
+        self.changeSelectedComment(jQuery(this));
+        return false;
+      });
+
+  this.context.find('#code-selector')
+      .change(function() {self.navigateToCode(jQuery(this).val());});
+
+  this.context.find('#description-table .quote-feet.setting')
+      .click(function() {self.toggleDescription(jQuery(this)); return false;});
+
+  this.sizer
+      .mousedown(function(ev) {self.startSizerDrag(ev); return false;});
+  this.overlay
+      .mouseup(function(ev) {self.endSizerDrag(ev); return false;})
+      .mousemove(function(ev) {self.handleSizerDrag(ev); return false;});
+
+  this.context.find('#prev-comment')
+      .click(function() {
+          self.changeSelectedComment(self.lastSelected.prev()); return false;
+      });
+
+  this.context.find('#next-comment')
+      .click(function() {
+          self.changeSelectedComment(self.lastSelected.next()); return false;
+      });
+
+  // Workaround for Firefox 2 and 3, which steal focus from the main document
+  // whenever the iframe content is (re)loaded.  The input field is not shown,
+  // but is a way for us to bring focus back to a place where we can detect
+  // keypresses.
+  this.context.find('#code-display')
+      .load(function(ev) {self.shortcutInput.focus();});
+
+  jQuery(document).keypress(function(ev) {
+    switch(ev.which) {
+      case 110:  // 'n'
+          self.changeSelectedComment(self.lastSelected.next());
+          return false;
+      case 112:  // 'p'
+          self.changeSelectedComment(self.lastSelected.prev());
+          return false;
+      default:  // ignore
+    }
+  });
+
+  window.onresize = function() {self.updateHeight();};
+};
+
+/**
+ * Starts dragging the pane sizer.
+ * @param {Object} ev The mousedown event that started us dragging.
+ */
+CodewalkViewer.prototype.startSizerDrag = function(ev) {
+  this.initialCodeWidth = this.codeColumn.width();
+  this.initialCommentsWidth = this.commentColumn.width();
+  this.initialMouseX = ev.pageX;
+  this.overlay.show();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Handles dragging the pane sizer.
+ * @param {Object} ev The mousemove event updating dragging position.
+ */
+CodewalkViewer.prototype.handleSizerDrag = function(ev) {
+  var delta = ev.pageX - this.initialMouseX;
+  if (this.codeColumn.is('.right')) delta = -delta;
+  var proposedCodeWidth = this.initialCodeWidth + delta;
+  var proposedCommentWidth = this.initialCommentsWidth - delta;
+  var mw = CodewalkViewer.MIN_PANE_WIDTH;
+  if (proposedCodeWidth < mw) delta = mw - this.initialCodeWidth;
+  if (proposedCommentWidth < mw) delta = this.initialCommentsWidth - mw;
+  proposedCodeWidth = this.initialCodeWidth + delta;
+  proposedCommentWidth = this.initialCommentsWidth - delta;
+  // If window is too small, don't even try to resize.
+  if (proposedCodeWidth < mw || proposedCommentWidth < mw) return;
+  this.codeColumn.width(proposedCodeWidth);
+  this.commentColumn.width(proposedCommentWidth);
+  this.options.codeWidth = parseInt(
+      this.codeColumn.width() /
+      (this.codeColumn.width() + this.commentColumn.width()) * 100);
+  this.context.find('#code-column-width').text(this.options.codeWidth + '%');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Ends dragging the pane sizer.
+ * @param {Object} ev The mouseup event that caused us to stop dragging.
+ */
+CodewalkViewer.prototype.endSizerDrag = function(ev) {
+  this.overlay.hide();
+  this.updateHeight();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Toggles the Codewalk description between being shown and hidden.
+ * @param {jQuery} target The target that was clicked to trigger this function.
+ */
+CodewalkViewer.prototype.toggleDescription = function(target) {
+  var description = this.context.find('#description');
+  description.toggle();
+  target.find('span').text(description.is(':hidden') ? 'show' : 'hide');
+  this.updateHeight();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Changes the side of the window on which the code is shown and saves the
+ * setting in a cookie.
+ * @param {string?} codeSide The side on which the code should be, either
+ *     'left' or 'right'.
+ */
+CodewalkViewer.prototype.changeCodeSide = function(codeSide) {
+  var commentSide = codeSide == 'left' ? 'right' : 'left';
+  this.context.find('#set-code-' + codeSide).addClass('selected');
+  this.context.find('#set-code-' + commentSide).removeClass('selected');
+  // Remove previous side class and add new one.
+  this.codeColumn.addClass(codeSide).removeClass(commentSide);
+  this.commentColumn.addClass(commentSide).removeClass(codeSide);
+  this.sizer.css(codeSide, 'auto').css(commentSide, 0);
+  this.options.codeSide = codeSide;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds selected class to newly selected comment, removes selected style from
+ * previously selected comment, changes drop down options so that the correct
+ * file is selected, and updates the code popout link.
+ * @param {jQuery} target The target that was clicked to trigger this function.
+ */
+CodewalkViewer.prototype.changeSelectedComment = function(target) {
+  var currentFile = target.find('.comment-link').attr('href');
+  if (!currentFile) return;
+
+  if (!(this.lastSelected && this.lastSelected.get(0) === target.get(0))) {
+    if (this.lastSelected) this.lastSelected.removeClass('selected');
+    target.addClass('selected');
+    this.lastSelected = target;
+    var targetTop = target.position().top;
+    var parentTop = target.parent().position().top;
+    if (targetTop + target.height() > parentTop + target.parent().height() ||
+        targetTop < parentTop) {
+      var delta = targetTop - parentTop;
+      target.parent().animate(
+          {'scrollTop': target.parent().scrollTop() + delta},
+          Math.max(delta / 2, 200), 'swing');
+    }
+    var fname = currentFile.match(/(?:select=|fileprint=)\/[^&]+/)[0];
+    fname = fname.slice(fname.indexOf('=')+2, fname.length);
+    this.context.find('#code-selector').val(fname);
+    this.context.find('#prev-comment').toggleClass(
+        'disabled', !target.prev().length);
+    this.context.find('#next-comment').toggleClass(
+        'disabled', !target.next().length);
+  }
+
+  // Force original file even if user hasn't changed comments since they may
+  // have navigated away from it within the iframe without us knowing.
+  this.navigateToCode(currentFile);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Updates the viewer by changing the height of the comments and code so that
+ * they fit within the height of the window.  The function is typically called
+ * after the user changes the window size.
+ */
+CodewalkViewer.prototype.updateHeight = function() {
+  var windowHeight = jQuery(window).height() - 5  // GOK
+  var areaHeight = windowHeight - this.codeArea.offset().top
+  var footerHeight = this.context.find('#footer').outerHeight(true)
+  this.commentArea.height(areaHeight - footerHeight - this.context.find('#comment-options').outerHeight(true))
+  var codeHeight = areaHeight - footerHeight - 15  // GOK
+  this.codeArea.height(codeHeight)
+  this.codeDisplay.height(codeHeight - this.codeDisplay.offset().top + this.codeArea.offset().top);
+  this.sizer.height(codeHeight);
+};
+
+window.initFuncs.push(function() {
+  var viewer = new CodewalkViewer(jQuery('#codewalk-main'));
+  viewer.selectFirstComment();
+  viewer.targetCommentLinksAtBlank();
+  viewer.installEventHandlers();
+  viewer.updateHeight();
+});

doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<codewalk title="How to Write a Codewalk">
+
+<step title="Introduction" src="doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml">
+	A codewalk is a guided tour through a piece of code.
+	It consists of a sequence of steps, each typically explaining
+	a highlighted section of code.
+	<br/><br/>
+	
+	The <a href="/cmd/godoc">godoc</a> web server translates
+	an XML file like the one in the main window pane into the HTML
+	page that you're viewing now.
+	<br/><br/>
+	
+	The codewalk with URL path <code>/doc/codewalk/</code><i>name</i>
+	is loaded from the input file <code>$GOROOT/doc/codewalk/</code><i>name</i><code>.xml</code>.
+	<br/><br/>
+	
+	This codewalk explains how to write a codewalk by examining
+	its own source code,
+	<code><a href="/doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml">$GOROOT/doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml</a></code>,
+	shown in the main window pane to the left.	
+</step>
+
+<step title="Title" src="doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml:/title=/">
+	The codewalk input file is an XML file containing a single
+	<code>&lt;codewalk&gt;</code> element.
+	That element's <code>title</code> attribute gives the title
+	that is used both on the codewalk page and in the codewalk list.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Steps" src="doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml:/&lt;step/,/step&gt;/">
+	Each step in the codewalk is a <code>&lt;step&gt;</code> element 
+	nested inside the main <code>&lt;codewalk&gt;</code>.
+	The step element's <code>title</code> attribute gives the step's title,
+	which is shown in a shaded bar above the main step text.
+	The element's <code>src</code> attribute specifies the source
+	code to show in the main window pane and, optionally, a range of 
+	lines to highlight.
+	<br/><br/>
+	
+	The first step in this codewalk does not highlight any lines:
+	its <code>src</code> is just a file name.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Specifying a source line" src='doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml:/title="Title"/'>
+	The most complex part of the codewalk specification is
+	saying what lines to highlight.
+	Instead of ordinary line numbers,
+	the codewalk uses an address syntax that makes it possible
+	to describe the match by its content.
+	As the file gets edited, this descriptive address has a better
+	chance to continue to refer to the right section of the file.
+	<br/><br/>
+
+	To specify a source line, use a <code>src</code> attribute of the form
+	<i>filename</i><code>:</code><i>address</i>,
+	where <i>address</i> is an address in the syntax used by the text editors <i>sam</i> and <i>acme</i>.
+	<br/><br/>
+	
+	The simplest address is a single regular expression.
+	The highlighted line in the main window pane shows that the
+	address for the &ldquo;Title&rdquo; step was <code>/title=/</code>,
+	which matches the first instance of that <a href="/pkg/regexp">regular expression</a> (<code>title=</code>) in the file.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Specifying a source range" src='doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml:/title="Steps"/'>
+	To highlight a range of source lines, the simplest address to use is
+	a pair of regular expressions
+	<code>/</code><i>regexp1</i><code>/,/</code><i>regexp2</i><code>/</code>.
+	The highlight begins with the line containing the first match for <i>regexp1</i>
+	and ends with the line containing the first match for <i>regexp2</i>
+	after the end of the match for <i>regexp1</i>.
+	Ignoring the HTML quoting, 
+	The line containing the first match for <i>regexp1</i> will be the first one highlighted,
+	and the line containing the first match for <i>regexp2</i>.
+	<br/><br/>
+	
+	The address <code>/&lt;step/,/step&gt;/</code> looks for the first instance of
+	<code>&lt;step</code> in the file, and then starting after that point,
+	looks for the first instance of <code>step&gt;</code>.
+	(Click on the &ldquo;Steps&rdquo; step above to see the highlight in action.)
+	Note that the <code>&lt;</code> and <code>&gt;</code> had to be written
+	using XML escapes in order to be valid XML.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Advanced addressing" src="doc/codewalk/codewalk.xml:/Advanced/,/step&gt;/">
+	The <code>/</code><i>regexp</i><code>/</code>
+ 	and <code>/</code><i>regexp1</i><code>/,/</code><i>regexp2</i><code>/</code>
+ 	forms suffice for most highlighting.
+ 	<br/><br/>
+
+	The full address syntax is summarized in this table
+	(an excerpt of Table II from
+	<a href="https://9p.io/sys/doc/sam/sam.html">The text editor <code>sam</code></a>):
+	<br/><br/>
+
+	<table>
+	<tr><td colspan="2"><b>Simple addresses</b></td></tr>
+	<tr><td><code>#</code><i>n</i></td>
+	    <td>The empty string after character <i>n</i></td></tr>
+	<tr><td><i>n</i></td>
+	    <td>Line <i>n</i></td></tr>
+	<tr><td><code>/</code><i>regexp</i><code>/</code></td>
+	    <td>The first following match of the regular expression</td></tr>
+	<!-- not supported (yet?)
+	<tr><td><code>–/</code><i>regexp</i><code>/</code></td>
+	    <td>The first previous match of the regular expression</td></tr>
+	-->
+	<tr><td><code>$</code></td>
+	    <td>The null string at the end of the file</td></tr>
+
+	<tr><td colspan="2"><b>Compound addresses</b></td></tr>
+	<tr><td><i>a1</i><code>+</code><i>a2</i></td>
+	    <td>The address <i>a2</i> evaluated starting at the right of <i>a1</i></td></tr>
+	<tr><td><i>a1</i><code>-</code><i>a2</i></td>
+	    <td>The address <i>a2</i> evaluated in the reverse direction starting at the left of <i>a1</i></td></tr>
+	<tr><td><i>a1</i><code>,</code><i>a2</i></td>
+	    <td>From the left of <i>a1</i> to the right of <i>a2</i> (default <code>0,$</code>).</td></tr>
+	</table>
+</step>
+
+
+	
+</codewalk>

doc/codewalk/codewalk_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestMarkov tests the code dependency of markov.xml.
+func TestMarkov(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", "run", "markov.go")
+	cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader("foo")
+	cmd.Stderr = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, cmd.Stderr)
+	}
+
+	if !bytes.Equal(out, []byte("foo\n")) {
+		t.Fatalf(`%s with input "foo" did not output "foo":\n%s`, strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), out)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPig tests the code dependency of functions.xml.
+func TestPig(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", "run", "pig.go")
+	cmd.Stderr = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, cmd.Stderr)
+	}
+
+	const want = "Wins, losses staying at k = 100: 210/990 (21.2%), 780/990 (78.8%)\n"
+	if !bytes.Contains(out, []byte(want)) {
+		t.Fatalf(`%s: unexpected output\ngot:\n%s\nwant output containing:\n%s`, strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), out, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestURLPoll tests the code dependency of sharemem.xml.
+func TestURLPoll(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-o", os.DevNull, "urlpoll.go")
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, out)
+	}
+}

doc/codewalk/functions.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+<codewalk title="First-Class Functions in Go">
+
+<step title="Introduction" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go">
+	Go supports first class functions, higher-order functions, user-defined
+	function types, function literals, closures, and multiple return values.
+  <br/><br/>
+
+	This rich feature set supports a functional programming style in a strongly
+	typed language.
+	<br/><br/>
+
+	In this codewalk we will look at a simple program that simulates a dice game
+	called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_(dice)">Pig</a> and evaluates
+	basic strategies.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Game overview" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ A score/,/thisTurn int\n}/">
+  Pig is a two-player game played with a 6-sided die.  Each turn, you may roll or stay.
+	<ul>
+		<li> If you roll a 1, you lose all points for your turn and play passes to
+			your opponent.  Any other roll adds its value to your turn score.  </li>
+		<li> If you stay, your turn score is added to your total score, and play passes
+			to your opponent.  </li>
+	</ul>
+	
+	The first person to reach 100 total points wins.
+	<br/><br/>
+
+	The <code>score</code> type stores the scores of the current and opposing
+	players, in addition to the points accumulated during the current turn.
+</step>
+
+<step title="User-defined function types" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ An action/,/bool\)/">
+	In Go, functions can be passed around just like any other value. A function's
+	type signature describes the types of its arguments and return values.
+	<br/><br/>
+
+	The <code>action</code> type is a function that takes a <code>score</code>
+	and returns the resulting <code>score</code> and whether the current turn is
+	over.
+	<br/><br/>
+
+  If the turn is over, the <code>player</code> and <code>opponent</code> fields
+  in the resulting <code>score</code> should be swapped, as it is now the other player's
+  turn.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Multiple return values" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ roll returns/,/true\n}/">
+	Go functions can return multiple values.  
+	<br/><br/>
+
+	The functions <code>roll</code> and <code>stay</code> each return a pair of
+	values.  They also match the <code>action</code> type signature.  These
+	<code>action</code> functions define the rules of Pig.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Higher-order functions" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ A strategy/,/action\n/">
+	A function can use other functions as arguments and return values.
+	<br/><br/>
+
+  A <code>strategy</code> is a function that takes a <code>score</code> as input
+  and returns an <code>action</code> to perform.  <br/>
+  (Remember, an <code>action</code> is itself a function.)
+</step>
+
+<step title="Function literals and closures" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/return func/,/return roll\n\t}/">
+	Anonymous functions can be declared in Go, as in this example.  Function
+	literals are closures: they inherit the scope of the function in which they
+	are declared.
+	<br/><br/>
+
+	One basic strategy in Pig is to continue rolling until you have accumulated at
+	least k points in a turn, and then stay.  The argument <code>k</code> is
+	enclosed by this function literal, which matches the <code>strategy</code> type
+	signature.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Simulating games" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ play/,/currentPlayer\n}/">
+  We simulate a game of Pig by calling an <code>action</code> to update the
+  <code>score</code> until one player reaches 100 points.  Each
+  <code>action</code> is selected by calling the <code>strategy</code> function
+  associated with the current player.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Simulating a tournament" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ roundRobin/,/gamesPerStrategy\n}/">
+	The <code>roundRobin</code> function simulates a tournament and tallies wins.
+	Each strategy plays each other strategy <code>gamesPerSeries</code> times.
+</step>
+	
+<step title="Variadic function declarations" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/\/\/ ratioS/,/string {/">
+	Variadic functions like <code>ratioString</code> take a variable number of
+	arguments.  These arguments are available as a slice inside the function.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Simulation results" src="doc/codewalk/pig.go:/func main/,/\n}/">
+	The <code>main</code> function defines 100 basic strategies, simulates a round
+	robin tournament, and then prints the win/loss record of each strategy.
+	<br/><br/>
+
+	Among these strategies, staying at 25 is best, but the <a
+	href="http://www.google.com/search?q=optimal+play+pig">optimal strategy for
+	Pig</a> is much more complex.
+</step>
+
+</codewalk>

doc/codewalk/markov.go

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/*
+Generating random text: a Markov chain algorithm
+
+Based on the program presented in the "Design and Implementation" chapter
+of The Practice of Programming (Kernighan and Pike, Addison-Wesley 1999).
+See also Computer Recreations, Scientific American 260, 122 - 125 (1989).
+
+A Markov chain algorithm generates text by creating a statistical model of
+potential textual suffixes for a given prefix. Consider this text:
+
+	I am not a number! I am a free man!
+
+Our Markov chain algorithm would arrange this text into this set of prefixes
+and suffixes, or "chain": (This table assumes a prefix length of two words.)
+
+	Prefix       Suffix
+
+	"" ""        I
+	"" I         am
+	I am         a
+	I am         not
+	a free       man!
+	am a         free
+	am not       a
+	a number!    I
+	number! I    am
+	not a        number!
+
+To generate text using this table we select an initial prefix ("I am", for
+example), choose one of the suffixes associated with that prefix at random
+with probability determined by the input statistics ("a"),
+and then create a new prefix by removing the first word from the prefix
+and appending the suffix (making the new prefix is "am a"). Repeat this process
+until we can't find any suffixes for the current prefix or we exceed the word
+limit. (The word limit is necessary as the chain table may contain cycles.)
+
+Our version of this program reads text from standard input, parsing it into a
+Markov chain, and writes generated text to standard output.
+The prefix and output lengths can be specified using the -prefix and -words
+flags on the command-line.
+*/
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Prefix is a Markov chain prefix of one or more words.
+type Prefix []string
+
+// String returns the Prefix as a string (for use as a map key).
+func (p Prefix) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(p, " ")
+}
+
+// Shift removes the first word from the Prefix and appends the given word.
+func (p Prefix) Shift(word string) {
+	copy(p, p[1:])
+	p[len(p)-1] = word
+}
+
+// Chain contains a map ("chain") of prefixes to a list of suffixes.
+// A prefix is a string of prefixLen words joined with spaces.
+// A suffix is a single word. A prefix can have multiple suffixes.
+type Chain struct {
+	chain     map[string][]string
+	prefixLen int
+}
+
+// NewChain returns a new Chain with prefixes of prefixLen words.
+func NewChain(prefixLen int) *Chain {
+	return &Chain{make(map[string][]string), prefixLen}
+}
+
+// Build reads text from the provided Reader and
+// parses it into prefixes and suffixes that are stored in Chain.
+func (c *Chain) Build(r io.Reader) {
+	br := bufio.NewReader(r)
+	p := make(Prefix, c.prefixLen)
+	for {
+		var s string
+		if _, err := fmt.Fscan(br, &s); err != nil {
+			break
+		}
+		key := p.String()
+		c.chain[key] = append(c.chain[key], s)
+		p.Shift(s)
+	}
+}
+
+// Generate returns a string of at most n words generated from Chain.
+func (c *Chain) Generate(n int) string {
+	p := make(Prefix, c.prefixLen)
+	var words []string
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		choices := c.chain[p.String()]
+		if len(choices) == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		next := choices[rand.Intn(len(choices))]
+		words = append(words, next)
+		p.Shift(next)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(words, " ")
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// Register command-line flags.
+	numWords := flag.Int("words", 100, "maximum number of words to print")
+	prefixLen := flag.Int("prefix", 2, "prefix length in words")
+
+	flag.Parse()                     // Parse command-line flags.
+	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) // Seed the random number generator.
+
+	c := NewChain(*prefixLen)     // Initialize a new Chain.
+	c.Build(os.Stdin)             // Build chains from standard input.
+	text := c.Generate(*numWords) // Generate text.
+	fmt.Println(text)             // Write text to standard output.
+}

doc/codewalk/markov.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+<!--
+Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+-->
+
+<codewalk title="Generating arbitrary text: a Markov chain algorithm">
+
+<step title="Introduction" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/Generating/,/line\./">
+	This codewalk describes a program that generates random text using
+	a Markov chain algorithm. The package comment describes the algorithm
+	and the operation of the program. Please read it before continuing.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Modeling Markov chains" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/	chain/">
+	A chain consists of a prefix and a suffix. Each prefix is a set
+	number of words, while a suffix is a single word.
+	A prefix can have an arbitrary number of suffixes.
+	To model this data, we use a <code>map[string][]string</code>.
+	Each map key is a prefix (a <code>string</code>) and its values are
+	lists of suffixes (a slice of strings, <code>[]string</code>).
+	<br/><br/>
+	Here is the example table from the package comment
+	as modeled by this data structure:
+	<pre>
+map[string][]string{
+	" ":          {"I"},
+	" I":         {"am"},
+	"I am":       {"a", "not"},
+	"a free":     {"man!"},
+	"am a":       {"free"},
+	"am not":     {"a"},
+	"a number!":  {"I"},
+	"number! I":  {"am"},
+	"not a":      {"number!"},
+}</pre>
+	While each prefix consists of multiple words, we
+	store prefixes in the map as a single <code>string</code>.
+	It would seem more natural to store the prefix as a
+	<code>[]string</code>, but we can't do this with a map because the
+	key type of a map must implement equality (and slices do not).
+	<br/><br/>
+	Therefore, in most of our code we will model prefixes as a
+	<code>[]string</code> and join the strings together with a space
+	to generate the map key:
+	<pre>
+Prefix               Map key
+
+[]string{"", ""}     " "
+[]string{"", "I"}    " I"
+[]string{"I", "am"}  "I am"
+</pre>
+</step>
+
+<step title="The Chain struct" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/type Chain/,/}/">
+	The complete state of the chain table consists of the table itself and
+	the word length of the prefixes. The <code>Chain</code> struct stores
+	this data.
+</step>
+
+<step title="The NewChain constructor function" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/func New/,/\n}/">
+	The <code>Chain</code> struct has two unexported fields (those that
+	do not begin with an upper case character), and so we write a
+	<code>NewChain</code> constructor function that initializes the
+	<code>chain</code> map with <code>make</code> and sets the
+	<code>prefixLen</code> field.
+	<br/><br/>
+	This is constructor function is not strictly necessary as this entire
+	program is within a single package (<code>main</code>) and therefore
+	there is little practical difference between exported and unexported
+	fields. We could just as easily write out the contents of this function
+	when we want to construct a new Chain.
+	But using these unexported fields is good practice; it clearly denotes
+	that only methods of Chain and its constructor function should access
+	those fields. Also, structuring <code>Chain</code> like this means we
+	could easily move it into its own package at some later date.
+</step>
+
+<step title="The Prefix type" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/type Prefix/">
+	Since we'll be working with prefixes often, we define a
+	<code>Prefix</code> type with the concrete type <code>[]string</code>.
+	Defining a named type clearly allows us to be explicit when we are
+	working with a prefix instead of just a <code>[]string</code>.
+	Also, in Go we can define methods on any named type (not just structs),
+	so we can add methods that operate on <code>Prefix</code> if we need to.
+</step>
+
+<step title="The String method" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/func[^\n]+String/,/}/">
+	The first method we define on <code>Prefix</code> is
+	<code>String</code>. It returns a <code>string</code> representation
+	of a <code>Prefix</code> by joining the slice elements together with
+	spaces. We will use this method to generate keys when working with
+	the chain map.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Building the chain" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/func[^\n]+Build/,/\n}/">
+	The <code>Build</code> method reads text from an <code>io.Reader</code>
+	and parses it into prefixes and suffixes that are stored in the
+	<code>Chain</code>.
+	<br/><br/>
+	The <code><a href="/pkg/io/#Reader">io.Reader</a></code> is an
+	interface type that is widely used by the standard library and
+	other Go code. Our code uses the
+	<code><a href="/pkg/fmt/#Fscan">fmt.Fscan</a></code> function, which
+	reads space-separated values from an <code>io.Reader</code>.
+	<br/><br/>
+	The <code>Build</code> method returns once the <code>Reader</code>'s
+	<code>Read</code> method returns <code>io.EOF</code> (end of file)
+	or some other read error occurs.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Buffering the input" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/bufio\.NewReader/">
+	This function does many small reads, which can be inefficient for some
+	<code>Readers</code>. For efficiency we wrap the provided
+	<code>io.Reader</code> with
+	<code><a href="/pkg/bufio/">bufio.NewReader</a></code> to create a
+	new <code>io.Reader</code> that provides buffering.
+</step>
+
+<step title="The Prefix variable" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/make\(Prefix/">
+	At the top of the function we make a <code>Prefix</code> slice
+	<code>p</code> using the <code>Chain</code>'s <code>prefixLen</code>
+	field as its length.
+	We'll use this variable to hold the current prefix and mutate it with
+	each new word we encounter.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Scanning words" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/var s string/,/\n		}/">
+	In our loop we read words from the <code>Reader</code> into a
+	<code>string</code> variable <code>s</code> using
+	<code>fmt.Fscan</code>. Since <code>Fscan</code> uses space to
+	separate each input value, each call will yield just one word
+	(including punctuation), which is exactly what we need.
+	<br/><br/>
+	<code>Fscan</code> returns an error if it encounters a read error
+	(<code>io.EOF</code>, for example) or if it can't scan the requested
+	value (in our case, a single string). In either case we just want to
+	stop scanning, so we <code>break</code> out of the loop.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Adding a prefix and suffix to the chain" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/	key/,/key\], s\)">
+	The word stored in <code>s</code> is a new suffix. We add the new
+	prefix/suffix combination to the <code>chain</code> map by computing
+	the map key with <code>p.String</code> and appending the suffix
+	to the slice stored under that key.
+	<br/><br/>
+	The built-in <code>append</code> function appends elements to a slice
+	and allocates new storage when necessary. When the provided slice is
+	<code>nil</code>, <code>append</code> allocates a new slice.
+	This behavior conveniently ties in with the semantics of our map:
+	retrieving an unset key returns the zero value of the value type and
+	the zero value of <code>[]string</code> is <code>nil</code>.
+	When our program encounters a new prefix (yielding a <code>nil</code>
+	value in the map) <code>append</code> will allocate a new slice.
+	<br/><br/>
+	For more information about the <code>append</code> function and slices
+	in general see the
+	<a href="/doc/articles/slices_usage_and_internals.html">Slices: usage and internals</a> article.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Pushing the suffix onto the prefix" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/p\.Shift/">
+	Before reading the next word our algorithm requires us to drop the
+	first word from the prefix and push the current suffix onto the prefix.
+	<br/><br/>
+	When in this state
+	<pre>
+p == Prefix{"I", "am"}
+s == "not" </pre>
+	the new value for <code>p</code> would be
+	<pre>
+p == Prefix{"am", "not"}</pre>
+	This operation is also required during text generation so we put
+	the code to perform this mutation of the slice inside a method on
+	<code>Prefix</code> named <code>Shift</code>.
+</step>
+
+<step title="The Shift method" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/func[^\n]+Shift/,/\n}/">
+	The <code>Shift</code> method uses the built-in <code>copy</code>
+	function to copy the last len(p)-1 elements of <code>p</code> to
+	the start of the slice, effectively moving the elements
+	one index to the left (if you consider zero as the leftmost index).
+	<pre>
+p := Prefix{"I", "am"}
+copy(p, p[1:])
+// p == Prefix{"am", "am"}</pre>
+	We then assign the provided <code>word</code> to the last index
+	of the slice:
+	<pre>
+// suffix == "not"
+p[len(p)-1] = suffix
+// p == Prefix{"am", "not"}</pre>
+</step>
+
+<step title="Generating text" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/func[^\n]+Generate/,/\n}/">
+	The <code>Generate</code> method is similar to <code>Build</code>
+	except that instead of reading words from a <code>Reader</code>
+	and storing them in a map, it reads words from the map and
+	appends them to a slice (<code>words</code>).
+	<br/><br/>
+	<code>Generate</code> uses a conditional for loop to generate
+	up to <code>n</code> words.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Getting potential suffixes" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/choices/,/}\n/">
+	At each iteration of the loop we retrieve a list of potential suffixes
+	for the current prefix. We access the <code>chain</code> map at key
+	<code>p.String()</code> and assign its contents to <code>choices</code>.
+	<br/><br/>
+	If <code>len(choices)</code> is zero we break out of the loop as there
+	are no potential suffixes for that prefix.
+	This test also works if the key isn't present in the map at all:
+	in that case, <code>choices</code> will be <code>nil</code> and the
+	length of a <code>nil</code> slice is zero.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Choosing a suffix at random" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/next := choices/,/Shift/">
+	To choose a suffix we use the
+	<code><a href="/pkg/math/rand/#Intn">rand.Intn</a></code> function.
+	It returns a random integer up to (but not including) the provided
+	value. Passing in <code>len(choices)</code> gives us a random index
+	into the full length of the list.
+	<br/><br/>
+	We use that index to pick our new suffix, assign it to
+	<code>next</code> and append it to the <code>words</code> slice.
+	<br/><br/>
+	Next, we <code>Shift</code> the new suffix onto the prefix just as
+	we did in the <code>Build</code> method.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Returning the generated text" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/Join\(words/">
+	Before returning the generated text as a string, we use the
+	<code>strings.Join</code> function to join the elements of
+	the <code>words</code> slice together, separated by spaces.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Command-line flags" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/Register command-line flags/,/prefixLen/">
+	To make it easy to tweak the prefix and generated text lengths we
+	use the <code><a href="/pkg/flag/">flag</a></code> package to parse
+	command-line flags.
+	<br/><br/>
+	These calls to <code>flag.Int</code> register new flags with the
+	<code>flag</code> package. The arguments to <code>Int</code> are the
+	flag name, its default value, and a description. The <code>Int</code>
+	function returns a pointer to an integer that will contain the
+	user-supplied value (or the default value if the flag was omitted on
+	the command-line).
+</step>
+
+<step title="Program set up" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/flag.Parse/,/rand.Seed/">
+	The <code>main</code> function begins by parsing the command-line
+	flags with <code>flag.Parse</code> and seeding the <code>rand</code>
+	package's random number generator with the current time.
+	<br/><br/>
+	If the command-line flags provided by the user are invalid the
+	<code>flag.Parse</code> function will print an informative usage
+	message and terminate the program.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Creating and building a new Chain" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/c := NewChain/,/c\.Build/">
+	To create the new <code>Chain</code> we call <code>NewChain</code>
+	with the value of the <code>prefix</code> flag.
+	<br/><br/>
+	To build the chain we call <code>Build</code> with
+	<code>os.Stdin</code> (which implements <code>io.Reader</code>) so
+	that it will read its input from standard input.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Generating and printing text" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go:/c\.Generate/,/fmt.Println/">
+	Finally, to generate text we call <code>Generate</code> with
+	the value of the <code>words</code> flag and assigning the result
+	to the variable <code>text</code>.
+	<br/><br/>
+	Then we call <code>fmt.Println</code> to write the text to standard
+	output, followed by a carriage return.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Using this program" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go">
+	To use this program, first build it with the
+	<a href="/cmd/go/">go</a> command:
+	<pre>
+$ go build markov.go</pre>
+	And then execute it while piping in some input text:
+	<pre>
+$ echo "a man a plan a canal panama" \
+	| ./markov -prefix=1
+a plan a man a plan a canal panama</pre>
+	Here's a transcript of generating some text using the Go distribution's
+	README file as source material:
+	<pre>
+$ ./markov -words=10 &lt; $GOROOT/README
+This is the source code repository for the Go source
+$ ./markov -prefix=1 -words=10 &lt; $GOROOT/README
+This is the go directory (the one containing this README).
+$ ./markov -prefix=1 -words=10 &lt; $GOROOT/README
+This is the variable if you have just untarred a</pre>
+</step>
+
+<step title="An exercise for the reader" src="doc/codewalk/markov.go">
+	The <code>Generate</code> function does a lot of allocations when it
+	builds the <code>words</code> slice. As an exercise, modify it to
+	take an <code>io.Writer</code> to which it incrementally writes the
+	generated text with <code>Fprint</code>.
+	Aside from being more efficient this makes <code>Generate</code>
+	more symmetrical to <code>Build</code>.
+</step>
+
+</codewalk>

doc/codewalk/pig.go

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math/rand"
+)
+
+const (
+	win            = 100 // The winning score in a game of Pig
+	gamesPerSeries = 10  // The number of games per series to simulate
+)
+
+// A score includes scores accumulated in previous turns for each player,
+// as well as the points scored by the current player in this turn.
+type score struct {
+	player, opponent, thisTurn int
+}
+
+// An action transitions stochastically to a resulting score.
+type action func(current score) (result score, turnIsOver bool)
+
+// roll returns the (result, turnIsOver) outcome of simulating a die roll.
+// If the roll value is 1, then thisTurn score is abandoned, and the players'
+// roles swap.  Otherwise, the roll value is added to thisTurn.
+func roll(s score) (score, bool) {
+	outcome := rand.Intn(6) + 1 // A random int in [1, 6]
+	if outcome == 1 {
+		return score{s.opponent, s.player, 0}, true
+	}
+	return score{s.player, s.opponent, outcome + s.thisTurn}, false
+}
+
+// stay returns the (result, turnIsOver) outcome of staying.
+// thisTurn score is added to the player's score, and the players' roles swap.
+func stay(s score) (score, bool) {
+	return score{s.opponent, s.player + s.thisTurn, 0}, true
+}
+
+// A strategy chooses an action for any given score.
+type strategy func(score) action
+
+// stayAtK returns a strategy that rolls until thisTurn is at least k, then stays.
+func stayAtK(k int) strategy {
+	return func(s score) action {
+		if s.thisTurn >= k {
+			return stay
+		}
+		return roll
+	}
+}
+
+// play simulates a Pig game and returns the winner (0 or 1).
+func play(strategy0, strategy1 strategy) int {
+	strategies := []strategy{strategy0, strategy1}
+	var s score
+	var turnIsOver bool
+	currentPlayer := rand.Intn(2) // Randomly decide who plays first
+	for s.player+s.thisTurn < win {
+		action := strategies[currentPlayer](s)
+		s, turnIsOver = action(s)
+		if turnIsOver {
+			currentPlayer = (currentPlayer + 1) % 2
+		}
+	}
+	return currentPlayer
+}
+
+// roundRobin simulates a series of games between every pair of strategies.
+func roundRobin(strategies []strategy) ([]int, int) {
+	wins := make([]int, len(strategies))
+	for i := 0; i < len(strategies); i++ {
+		for j := i + 1; j < len(strategies); j++ {
+			for k := 0; k < gamesPerSeries; k++ {
+				winner := play(strategies[i], strategies[j])
+				if winner == 0 {
+					wins[i]++
+				} else {
+					wins[j]++
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	gamesPerStrategy := gamesPerSeries * (len(strategies) - 1) // no self play
+	return wins, gamesPerStrategy
+}
+
+// ratioString takes a list of integer values and returns a string that lists
+// each value and its percentage of the sum of all values.
+// e.g., ratios(1, 2, 3) = "1/6 (16.7%), 2/6 (33.3%), 3/6 (50.0%)"
+func ratioString(vals ...int) string {
+	total := 0
+	for _, val := range vals {
+		total += val
+	}
+	s := ""
+	for _, val := range vals {
+		if s != "" {
+			s += ", "
+		}
+		pct := 100 * float64(val) / float64(total)
+		s += fmt.Sprintf("%d/%d (%0.1f%%)", val, total, pct)
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func main() {
+	strategies := make([]strategy, win)
+	for k := range strategies {
+		strategies[k] = stayAtK(k + 1)
+	}
+	wins, games := roundRobin(strategies)
+
+	for k := range strategies {
+		fmt.Printf("Wins, losses staying at k =% 4d: %s\n",
+			k+1, ratioString(wins[k], games-wins[k]))
+	}
+}

doc/codewalk/sharemem.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+<codewalk title="Share Memory By Communicating">
+
+<step title="Introduction" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go">
+Go's approach to concurrency differs from the traditional use of
+threads and shared memory. Philosophically, it can be summarized:
+<br/><br/>
+<i>Don't communicate by sharing memory; share memory by communicating.</i>
+<br/><br/>
+Channels allow you to pass references to data structures between goroutines.
+If you consider this as passing around ownership of the data (the ability to
+read and write it), they become a powerful and expressive synchronization 
+mechanism.
+<br/><br/>
+In this codewalk we will look at a simple program that polls a list of
+URLs, checking their HTTP response codes and periodically printing their state.
+</step>
+
+<step title="State type" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/State/,/}/">
+The State type represents the state of a URL.
+<br/><br/>
+The Pollers send State values to the StateMonitor,
+which maintains a map of the current state of each URL.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Resource type" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Resource/,/}/">
+A Resource represents the state of a URL to be polled: the URL itself
+and the number of errors encountered since the last successful poll.
+<br/><br/>
+When the program starts, it allocates one Resource for each URL.
+The main goroutine and the Poller goroutines send the Resources to
+each other on channels.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Poller function" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/func Poller/,/\n}/">
+Each Poller receives Resource pointers from an input channel.
+In this program, the convention is that sending a Resource pointer on
+a channel passes ownership of the underlying data from the sender
+to the receiver.  Because of this convention, we know that
+no two goroutines will access this Resource at the same time.
+This means we don't have to worry about locking to prevent concurrent 
+access to these data structures.
+<br/><br/>
+The Poller processes the Resource by calling its Poll method.
+<br/><br/>
+It sends a State value to the status channel, to inform the StateMonitor
+of the result of the Poll.
+<br/><br/>
+Finally, it sends the Resource pointer to the out channel. This can be
+interpreted as the Poller saying &quot;I'm done with this Resource&quot; and 
+returning ownership of it to the main goroutine. 
+<br/><br/>
+Several goroutines run Pollers, processing Resources in parallel.
+</step>
+
+<step title="The Poll method" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Poll executes/,/\n}/">
+The Poll method (of the Resource type) performs an HTTP HEAD request
+for the Resource's URL and returns the HTTP response's status code.
+If an error occurs, Poll logs the message to standard error and returns the 
+error string instead.
+</step>
+
+<step title="main function" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/func main/,/\n}/">
+The main function starts the Poller and StateMonitor goroutines
+and then loops passing completed Resources back to the pending
+channel after appropriate delays.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Creating channels" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Create our/,/complete/">
+First, main makes two channels of *Resource, pending and complete.
+<br/><br/>
+Inside main, a new goroutine sends one Resource per URL to pending
+and the main goroutine receives completed Resources from complete.
+<br/><br/>
+The pending and complete channels are passed to each of the Poller
+goroutines, within which they are known as in and out. 
+</step>
+
+<step title="Initializing StateMonitor" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Launch the StateMonitor/,/statusInterval/">
+StateMonitor will initialize and launch a goroutine that stores the state 
+of each Resource. We will look at this function in detail later. 
+<br/><br/>
+For now, the important thing to note is that it returns a channel of State, 
+which is saved as status and passed to the Poller goroutines.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Launching Poller goroutines" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Launch some Poller/,/}/">
+Now that it has the necessary channels, main launches a number of
+Poller goroutines, passing the channels as arguments.
+The channels provide the means of communication between the main, Poller, and 
+StateMonitor goroutines.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Send Resources to pending" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Send some Resources/,/}\(\)/">
+To add the initial work to the system, main starts a new goroutine
+that allocates and sends one Resource per URL to pending.
+<br/><br/>
+The new goroutine is necessary because unbuffered channel sends and
+receives are synchronous. That means these channel sends will block until
+the Pollers are ready to read from pending.
+<br/><br/>
+Were these sends performed in the main goroutine with fewer Pollers than 
+channel sends, the program would reach a deadlock situation, because
+main would not yet be receiving from complete.
+<br/><br/>
+Exercise for the reader: modify this part of the program to read a list of
+URLs from a file. (You may want to move this goroutine into its own
+named function.)
+</step>
+
+<step title="Main Event Loop" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/range complete/,/\n	}/">
+When a Poller is done with a Resource, it sends it on the complete channel.
+This loop receives those Resource pointers from complete.
+For each received Resource, it starts a new goroutine calling
+the Resource's Sleep method.  Using a new goroutine for each
+ensures that the sleeps can happen in parallel.
+<br/><br/>
+Note that any single Resource pointer may only be sent on either pending or
+complete at any one time. This ensures that a Resource is either being
+handled by a Poller goroutine or sleeping, but never both simultaneously.  
+In this way, we share our Resource data by communicating.
+</step>
+
+<step title="The Sleep method" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/Sleep/,/\n}/">
+Sleep calls time.Sleep to pause before sending the Resource to done.
+The pause will either be of a fixed length (pollInterval) plus an
+additional delay proportional to the number of sequential errors (r.errCount).
+<br/><br/>
+This is an example of a typical Go idiom: a function intended to run inside 
+a goroutine takes a channel, upon which it sends its return value 
+(or other indication of completed state).
+</step>
+
+<step title="StateMonitor" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/StateMonitor/,/\n}/">
+The StateMonitor receives State values on a channel and periodically
+outputs the state of all Resources being polled by the program.
+</step>
+
+<step title="The updates channel" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/updates :=/">
+The variable updates is a channel of State, on which the Poller goroutines
+send State values.
+<br/><br/>
+This channel is returned by the function.
+</step>
+
+<step title="The urlStatus map" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/urlStatus/">
+The variable urlStatus is a map of URLs to their most recent status. 
+</step>
+
+<step title="The Ticker object" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/ticker/">
+A time.Ticker is an object that repeatedly sends a value on a channel at a 
+specified interval. 
+<br/><br/>
+In this case, ticker triggers the printing of the current state to 
+standard output every updateInterval nanoseconds.
+</step>
+
+<step title="The StateMonitor goroutine" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go:/go func/,/}\(\)/">
+StateMonitor will loop forever, selecting on two channels: 
+ticker.C and update. The select statement blocks until one of its 
+communications is ready to proceed.
+<br/><br/>
+When StateMonitor receives a tick from ticker.C, it calls logState to
+print the current state.  When it receives a State update from updates,
+it records the new status in the urlStatus map.
+<br/><br/>
+Notice that this goroutine owns the urlStatus data structure,
+ensuring that it can only be accessed sequentially. 
+This prevents memory corruption issues that might arise from parallel reads 
+and/or writes to a shared map.
+</step>
+
+<step title="Conclusion" src="doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go">
+In this codewalk we have explored a simple example of using Go's concurrency
+primitives to share memory through communication.
+<br/><br/>
+This should provide a starting point from which to explore the ways in which
+goroutines and channels can be used to write expressive and concise concurrent
+programs.
+</step>
+	
+</codewalk>

doc/codewalk/urlpoll.go

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	numPollers     = 2                // number of Poller goroutines to launch
+	pollInterval   = 60 * time.Second // how often to poll each URL
+	statusInterval = 10 * time.Second // how often to log status to stdout
+	errTimeout     = 10 * time.Second // back-off timeout on error
+)
+
+var urls = []string{
+	"http://www.google.com/",
+	"http://golang.org/",
+	"http://blog.golang.org/",
+}
+
+// State represents the last-known state of a URL.
+type State struct {
+	url    string
+	status string
+}
+
+// StateMonitor maintains a map that stores the state of the URLs being
+// polled, and prints the current state every updateInterval nanoseconds.
+// It returns a chan State to which resource state should be sent.
+func StateMonitor(updateInterval time.Duration) chan<- State {
+	updates := make(chan State)
+	urlStatus := make(map[string]string)
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(updateInterval)
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				logState(urlStatus)
+			case s := <-updates:
+				urlStatus[s.url] = s.status
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	return updates
+}
+
+// logState prints a state map.
+func logState(s map[string]string) {
+	log.Println("Current state:")
+	for k, v := range s {
+		log.Printf(" %s %s", k, v)
+	}
+}
+
+// Resource represents an HTTP URL to be polled by this program.
+type Resource struct {
+	url      string
+	errCount int
+}
+
+// Poll executes an HTTP HEAD request for url
+// and returns the HTTP status string or an error string.
+func (r *Resource) Poll() string {
+	resp, err := http.Head(r.url)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Println("Error", r.url, err)
+		r.errCount++
+		return err.Error()
+	}
+	r.errCount = 0
+	return resp.Status
+}
+
+// Sleep sleeps for an appropriate interval (dependent on error state)
+// before sending the Resource to done.
+func (r *Resource) Sleep(done chan<- *Resource) {
+	time.Sleep(pollInterval + errTimeout*time.Duration(r.errCount))
+	done <- r
+}
+
+func Poller(in <-chan *Resource, out chan<- *Resource, status chan<- State) {
+	for r := range in {
+		s := r.Poll()
+		status <- State{r.url, s}
+		out <- r
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// Create our input and output channels.
+	pending, complete := make(chan *Resource), make(chan *Resource)
+
+	// Launch the StateMonitor.
+	status := StateMonitor(statusInterval)
+
+	// Launch some Poller goroutines.
+	for i := 0; i < numPollers; i++ {
+		go Poller(pending, complete, status)
+	}
+
+	// Send some Resources to the pending queue.
+	go func() {
+		for _, url := range urls {
+			pending <- &Resource{url: url}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for r := range complete {
+		go r.Sleep(pending)
+	}
+}

doc/contrib.html

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+<!--{
+	"Title": "The Go Project",
+	"Path": "/project/"
+}-->
+
+<img class="gopher" src="/doc/gopher/project.png" />
+
+<div id="manual-nav"></div>
+
+<p>
+Go is an open source project developed by a team at
+<a href="//google.com/">Google</a> and many
+<a href="/CONTRIBUTORS">contributors</a> from the open source community.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Go is distributed under a <a href="/LICENSE">BSD-style license</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="announce"><a href="//groups.google.com/group/golang-announce">Announcements Mailing List</a></h3>
+<p>
+A low traffic mailing list for important announcements, such as new releases.
+</p>
+<p>
+We encourage all Go users to subscribe to
+<a href="//groups.google.com/group/golang-announce">golang-announce</a>.
+</p>
+
+
+<h2 id="go1">Version history</h2>
+
+<h3 id="release"><a href="/doc/devel/release.html">Release History</a></h3>
+
+<p>A <a href="/doc/devel/release.html">summary</a> of the changes between Go releases. Notes for the major releases:</p>
+
+<ul>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.14">Go 1.14</a> <small>(February 2020)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.13">Go 1.13</a> <small>(September 2019)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.12">Go 1.12</a> <small>(February 2019)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.11">Go 1.11</a> <small>(August 2018)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.10">Go 1.10</a> <small>(February 2018)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.9">Go 1.9</a> <small>(August 2017)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.8">Go 1.8</a> <small>(February 2017)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.7">Go 1.7</a> <small>(August 2016)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.6">Go 1.6</a> <small>(February 2016)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.5">Go 1.5</a> <small>(August 2015)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.4">Go 1.4</a> <small>(December 2014)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.3">Go 1.3</a> <small>(June 2014)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.2">Go 1.2</a> <small>(December 2013)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1.1">Go 1.1</a> <small>(May 2013)</small></li>
+	<li><a href="/doc/go1">Go 1</a> <small>(March 2012)</small></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="go1compat"><a href="/doc/go1compat">Go 1 and the Future of Go Programs</a></h3>
+<p>
+What Go 1 defines and the backwards-compatibility guarantees one can expect as
+Go 1 matures.
+</p>
+
+
+<h2 id="resources">Developer Resources</h2>
+
+<h3 id="source"><a href="https://golang.org/change">Source Code</a></h3>
+<p>Check out the Go source code.</p>
+
+<h3 id="discuss"><a href="//groups.google.com/group/golang-nuts">Discussion Mailing List</a></h3>
+<p>
+A mailing list for general discussion of Go programming.
+</p>
+<p>
+Questions about using Go or announcements relevant to other Go users should be sent to
+<a href="//groups.google.com/group/golang-nuts">golang-nuts</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="golang-dev"><a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-dev">Developer</a> and
+<a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-codereviews">Code Review Mailing List</a></h3>
+<p>The <a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-dev">golang-dev</a>
+mailing list is for discussing code changes to the Go project.
+The <a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-codereviews">golang-codereviews</a>
+mailing list is for actual reviewing of the code changes (CLs).</p>
+
+<h3 id="golang-checkins"><a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-checkins">Checkins Mailing List</a></h3>
+<p>A mailing list that receives a message summarizing each checkin to the Go repository.</p>
+
+<h3 id="build_status"><a href="//build.golang.org/">Build Status</a></h3>
+<p>View the status of Go builds across the supported operating
+systems and architectures.</p>
+
+
+<h2 id="howto">How you can help</h2>
+
+<h3><a href="//golang.org/issue">Reporting issues</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+If you spot bugs, mistakes, or inconsistencies in the Go project's code or
+documentation, please let us know by
+<a href="//golang.org/issue/new">filing a ticket</a>
+on our <a href="//golang.org/issue">issue tracker</a>.
+(Of course, you should check it's not an existing issue before creating
+a new one.)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We pride ourselves on being meticulous; no issue is too small.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Security-related issues should be reported to
+<a href="mailto:security@golang.org">security@golang.org</a>.<br>
+See the <a href="/security">security policy</a> for more details.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Community-related issues should be reported to
+<a href="mailto:conduct@golang.org">conduct@golang.org</a>.<br>
+See the <a href="/conduct">Code of Conduct</a> for more details.
+</p>
+
+<h3><a href="/doc/contribute.html">Contributing code &amp; documentation</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Go is an open source project and we welcome contributions from the community.
+</p>
+<p>
+To get started, read these <a href="/doc/contribute.html">contribution
+guidelines</a> for information on design, testing, and our code review process.
+</p>
+<p>
+Check <a href="//golang.org/issue">the tracker</a> for
+open issues that interest you. Those labeled
+<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22">help wanted</a>
+are particularly in need of outside help.
+</p>

doc/debugging_with_gdb.html

@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+<!--{
+	"Title": "Debugging Go Code with GDB",
+	"Path": "/doc/gdb"
+}-->
+
+<!--
+NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
+set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
+<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
+Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
+-->
+
+<i>
+<p>
+The following instructions apply to the standard toolchain
+(the <code>gc</code> Go compiler and tools).
+Gccgo has native gdb support.
+</p>
+<p>
+Note that 
+<a href="https://github.com/derekparker/delve">Delve</a> is a better 
+alternative to GDB when debugging Go programs built with the standard
+toolchain. It understands the Go runtime, data structures, and
+expressions better than GDB. Delve currently supports Linux, OSX,
+and Windows on <code>amd64</code>.
+For the most up-to-date list of supported platforms, please see
+<a href="https://github.com/derekparker/delve/tree/master/Documentation/installation">
+ the Delve documentation</a>.
+</p>
+</i>
+
+<p>
+GDB does not understand Go programs well.
+The stack management, threading, and runtime contain aspects that differ
+enough from the execution model GDB expects that they can confuse
+the debugger and cause incorrect results even when the program is
+compiled with gccgo.
+As a consequence, although GDB can be useful in some situations (e.g.,
+debugging Cgo code, or debugging the runtime itself), it is not
+a reliable debugger for Go programs, particularly heavily concurrent
+ones.  Moreover, it is not a priority for the Go project to address
+these issues, which are difficult.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In short, the instructions below should be taken only as a guide to how
+to use GDB when it works, not as a guarantee of success.
+
+Besides this overview you might want to consult the
+<a href="https://sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/gdb/">GDB manual</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>
+When you compile and link your Go programs with the <code>gc</code> toolchain
+on Linux, macOS, FreeBSD or NetBSD, the resulting binaries contain DWARFv4
+debugging information that recent versions (&ge;7.5) of the GDB debugger can
+use to inspect a live process or a core dump.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Pass the <code>'-w'</code> flag to the linker to omit the debug information
+(for example, <code>go</code> <code>build</code> <code>-ldflags=-w</code> <code>prog.go</code>).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The code generated by the <code>gc</code> compiler includes inlining of
+function invocations and registerization of variables. These optimizations
+can sometimes make debugging with <code>gdb</code> harder.
+If you find that you need to disable these optimizations,
+build your program using <code>go</code> <code>build</code> <code>-gcflags=all="-N -l"</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If you want to use gdb to inspect a core dump, you can trigger a dump
+on a program crash, on systems that permit it, by setting
+<code>GOTRACEBACK=crash</code> in the environment (see the
+<a href="/pkg/runtime/#hdr-Environment_Variables"> runtime package
+documentation</a> for more info).
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="Common_Operations">Common Operations</h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+Show file and line number for code, set breakpoints and disassemble:
+<pre>(gdb) <b>list</b>
+(gdb) <b>list <i>line</i></b>
+(gdb) <b>list <i>file.go</i>:<i>line</i></b>
+(gdb) <b>break <i>line</i></b>
+(gdb) <b>break <i>file.go</i>:<i>line</i></b>
+(gdb) <b>disas</b></pre>
+</li>
+<li>
+Show backtraces and unwind stack frames:
+<pre>(gdb) <b>bt</b>
+(gdb) <b>frame <i>n</i></b></pre>
+</li>
+<li>
+Show the name, type and location on the stack frame of local variables,
+arguments and return values:
+<pre>(gdb) <b>info locals</b>
+(gdb) <b>info args</b>
+(gdb) <b>p variable</b>
+(gdb) <b>whatis variable</b></pre>
+</li>
+<li>
+Show the name, type and location of global variables:
+<pre>(gdb) <b>info variables <i>regexp</i></b></pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h3 id="Go_Extensions">Go Extensions</h3>
+
+<p>
+A recent extension mechanism to GDB allows it to load extension scripts for a
+given binary. The toolchain uses this to extend GDB with a handful of
+commands to inspect internals of the runtime code (such as goroutines) and to
+pretty print the built-in map, slice and channel types.
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+Pretty printing a string, slice, map, channel or interface:
+<pre>(gdb) <b>p <i>var</i></b></pre>
+</li>
+<li>
+A $len() and $cap() function for strings, slices and maps:
+<pre>(gdb) <b>p $len(<i>var</i>)</b></pre>
+</li>
+<li>
+A function to cast interfaces to their dynamic types:
+<pre>(gdb) <b>p $dtype(<i>var</i>)</b>
+(gdb) <b>iface <i>var</i></b></pre>
+<p class="detail"><b>Known issue:</b> GDB can’t automatically find the dynamic
+type of an interface value if its long name differs from its short name
+(annoying when printing stacktraces, the pretty printer falls back to printing
+the short type name and a pointer).</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+Inspecting goroutines:
+<pre>(gdb) <b>info goroutines</b>
+(gdb) <b>goroutine <i>n</i> <i>cmd</i></b>
+(gdb) <b>help goroutine</b></pre>
+For example:
+<pre>(gdb) <b>goroutine 12 bt</b></pre>
+You can inspect all goroutines by passing <code>all</code> instead of a specific goroutine's ID.
+For example:
+<pre>(gdb) <b>goroutine all bt</b></pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+If you'd like to see how this works, or want to extend it, take a look at <a
+href="/src/runtime/runtime-gdb.py">src/runtime/runtime-gdb.py</a> in
+the Go source distribution. It depends on some special magic types
+(<code>hash&lt;T,U&gt;</code>) and variables (<code>runtime.m</code> and
+<code>runtime.g</code>) that the linker
+(<a href="/src/cmd/link/internal/ld/dwarf.go">src/cmd/link/internal/ld/dwarf.go</a>) ensures are described in
+the DWARF code.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If you're interested in what the debugging information looks like, run
+<code>objdump</code> <code>-W</code> <code>a.out</code> and browse through the <code>.debug_*</code>
+sections.
+</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="Known_Issues">Known Issues</h3>
+
+<ol>
+<li>String pretty printing only triggers for type string, not for types derived
+from it.</li>
+<li>Type information is missing for the C parts of the runtime library.</li>
+<li>GDB does not understand Go’s name qualifications and treats
+<code>"fmt.Print"</code> as an unstructured literal with a <code>"."</code>
+that needs to be quoted.  It objects even more strongly to method names of
+the form <code>pkg.(*MyType).Meth</code>.
+<li>As of Go 1.11, debug information is compressed by default.
+Older versions of gdb, such as the one available by default on MacOS,
+do not understand the compression.
+You can generate uncompressed debug information by using <code>go
+build -ldflags=-compressdwarf=false</code>.
+(For convenience you can put the <code>-ldflags</code> option in
+the <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Environment_variables"><code>GOFLAGS</code>
+environment variable</a> so that you don't have to specify it each time.)
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h2 id="Tutorial">Tutorial</h2>
+
+<p>
+In this tutorial we will inspect the binary of the
+<a href="/pkg/regexp/">regexp</a> package's unit tests. To build the binary,
+change to <code>$GOROOT/src/regexp</code> and run <code>go</code> <code>test</code> <code>-c</code>.
+This should produce an executable file named <code>regexp.test</code>.
+</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="Getting_Started">Getting Started</h3>
+
+<p>
+Launch GDB, debugging <code>regexp.test</code>:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+$ <b>gdb regexp.test</b>
+GNU gdb (GDB) 7.2-gg8
+Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+License GPLv  3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later &lt;http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html&gt;
+Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for licensing/warranty details.
+This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux".
+
+Reading symbols from  /home/user/go/src/regexp/regexp.test...
+done.
+Loading Go Runtime support.
+(gdb) 
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The message "Loading Go Runtime support" means that GDB loaded the
+extension from <code>$GOROOT/src/runtime/runtime-gdb.py</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To help GDB find the Go runtime sources and the accompanying support script,
+pass your <code>$GOROOT</code> with the <code>'-d'</code> flag:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+$ <b>gdb regexp.test -d $GOROOT</b>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+If for some reason GDB still can't find that directory or that script, you can load
+it by hand by telling gdb (assuming you have the go sources in
+<code>~/go/</code>):
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>source ~/go/src/runtime/runtime-gdb.py</b>
+Loading Go Runtime support.
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Inspecting_the_source">Inspecting the source</h3>
+
+<p>
+Use the <code>"l"</code> or <code>"list"</code> command to inspect source code.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>l</b>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+List a specific part of the source parameterizing <code>"list"</code> with a
+function name (it must be qualified with its package name).
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>l main.main</b>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+List a specific file and line number:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>l regexp.go:1</b>
+(gdb) <i># Hit enter to repeat last command. Here, this lists next 10 lines.</i>
+</pre>
+
+
+<h3 id="Naming">Naming</h3>
+
+<p>
+Variable and function names must be qualified with the name of the packages
+they belong to. The <code>Compile</code> function from the <code>regexp</code>
+package is known to GDB as <code>'regexp.Compile'</code>. 
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Methods must be qualified with the name of their receiver types. For example,
+the <code>*Regexp</code> type’s <code>String</code> method is known as
+<code>'regexp.(*Regexp).String'</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Variables that shadow other variables are magically suffixed with a number in the debug info.
+Variables referenced by closures will appear as pointers magically prefixed with '&amp;'.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="Setting_breakpoints">Setting breakpoints</h3>
+
+<p>
+Set a breakpoint at the <code>TestFind</code> function:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>b 'regexp.TestFind'</b>
+Breakpoint 1 at 0x424908: file /home/user/go/src/regexp/find_test.go, line 148.
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Run the program:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>run</b>
+Starting program: /home/user/go/src/regexp/regexp.test
+
+Breakpoint 1, regexp.TestFind (t=0xf8404a89c0) at /home/user/go/src/regexp/find_test.go:148
+148	func TestFind(t *testing.T) {
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Execution has paused at the breakpoint.
+See which goroutines are running, and what they're doing:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>info goroutines</b>
+  1  waiting runtime.gosched
+* 13  running runtime.goexit
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+the one marked with the <code>*</code> is the current goroutine.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="Inspecting_the_stack">Inspecting the stack</h3>
+
+<p>
+Look at the stack trace for where we’ve paused the program:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>bt</b>  <i># backtrace</i>
+#0  regexp.TestFind (t=0xf8404a89c0) at /home/user/go/src/regexp/find_test.go:148
+#1  0x000000000042f60b in testing.tRunner (t=0xf8404a89c0, test=0x573720) at /home/user/go/src/testing/testing.go:156
+#2  0x000000000040df64 in runtime.initdone () at /home/user/go/src/runtime/proc.c:242
+#3  0x000000f8404a89c0 in ?? ()
+#4  0x0000000000573720 in ?? ()
+#5  0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The other goroutine, number 1, is stuck in <code>runtime.gosched</code>, blocked on a channel receive:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>goroutine 1 bt</b>
+#0  0x000000000040facb in runtime.gosched () at /home/user/go/src/runtime/proc.c:873
+#1  0x00000000004031c9 in runtime.chanrecv (c=void, ep=void, selected=void, received=void)
+ at  /home/user/go/src/runtime/chan.c:342
+#2  0x0000000000403299 in runtime.chanrecv1 (t=void, c=void) at/home/user/go/src/runtime/chan.c:423
+#3  0x000000000043075b in testing.RunTests (matchString={void (struct string, struct string, bool *, error *)}
+ 0x7ffff7f9ef60, tests=  []testing.InternalTest = {...}) at /home/user/go/src/testing/testing.go:201
+#4  0x00000000004302b1 in testing.Main (matchString={void (struct string, struct string, bool *, error *)} 
+ 0x7ffff7f9ef80, tests= []testing.InternalTest = {...}, benchmarks= []testing.InternalBenchmark = {...})
+at /home/user/go/src/testing/testing.go:168
+#5  0x0000000000400dc1 in main.main () at /home/user/go/src/regexp/_testmain.go:98
+#6  0x00000000004022e7 in runtime.mainstart () at /home/user/go/src/runtime/amd64/asm.s:78
+#7  0x000000000040ea6f in runtime.initdone () at /home/user/go/src/runtime/proc.c:243
+#8  0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The stack frame shows we’re currently executing the <code>regexp.TestFind</code> function, as expected.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>info frame</b>
+Stack level 0, frame at 0x7ffff7f9ff88:
+ rip = 0x425530 in regexp.TestFind (/home/user/go/src/regexp/find_test.go:148); 
+    saved rip 0x430233
+ called by frame at 0x7ffff7f9ffa8
+ source language minimal.
+ Arglist at 0x7ffff7f9ff78, args: t=0xf840688b60
+ Locals at 0x7ffff7f9ff78, Previous frame's sp is 0x7ffff7f9ff88
+ Saved registers:
+  rip at 0x7ffff7f9ff80
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The command <code>info</code> <code>locals</code> lists all variables local to the function and their values, but is a bit
+dangerous to use, since it will also try to print uninitialized variables. Uninitialized slices may cause gdb to try
+to print arbitrary large arrays.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The function’s arguments:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>info args</b>
+t = 0xf840688b60
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+When printing the argument, notice that it’s a pointer to a
+<code>Regexp</code> value. Note that GDB has incorrectly put the <code>*</code>
+on the right-hand side of the type name and made up a 'struct' keyword, in traditional C style.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>p re</b>
+(gdb) p t
+$1 = (struct testing.T *) 0xf840688b60
+(gdb) p t
+$1 = (struct testing.T *) 0xf840688b60
+(gdb) p *t
+$2 = {errors = "", failed = false, ch = 0xf8406f5690}
+(gdb) p *t-&gt;ch
+$3 = struct hchan&lt;*testing.T&gt;
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+That <code>struct</code> <code>hchan&lt;*testing.T&gt;</code> is the
+runtime-internal representation of a channel. It is currently empty,
+or gdb would have pretty-printed its contents.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Stepping forward:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>n</b>  <i># execute next line</i>
+149             for _, test := range findTests {
+(gdb)    <i># enter is repeat</i>
+150                     re := MustCompile(test.pat)
+(gdb) <b>p test.pat</b>
+$4 = ""
+(gdb) <b>p re</b>
+$5 = (struct regexp.Regexp *) 0xf84068d070
+(gdb) <b>p *re</b>
+$6 = {expr = "", prog = 0xf840688b80, prefix = "", prefixBytes =  []uint8, prefixComplete = true, 
+  prefixRune = 0, cond = 0 '\000', numSubexp = 0, longest = false, mu = {state = 0, sema = 0}, 
+  machine =  []*regexp.machine}
+(gdb) <b>p *re->prog</b>
+$7 = {Inst =  []regexp/syntax.Inst = {{Op = 5 '\005', Out = 0, Arg = 0, Rune =  []int}, {Op = 
+    6 '\006', Out = 2, Arg = 0, Rune =  []int}, {Op = 4 '\004', Out = 0, Arg = 0, Rune =  []int}}, 
+  Start = 1, NumCap = 2}
+</pre>
+
+
+<p>
+We can step into the <code>String</code>function call with <code>"s"</code>:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>s</b>
+regexp.(*Regexp).String (re=0xf84068d070, noname=void) at /home/user/go/src/regexp/regexp.go:97
+97      func (re *Regexp) String() string {
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Get a stack trace to see where we are:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>bt</b>
+#0  regexp.(*Regexp).String (re=0xf84068d070, noname=void)
+    at /home/user/go/src/regexp/regexp.go:97
+#1  0x0000000000425615 in regexp.TestFind (t=0xf840688b60)
+    at /home/user/go/src/regexp/find_test.go:151
+#2  0x0000000000430233 in testing.tRunner (t=0xf840688b60, test=0x5747b8)
+    at /home/user/go/src/testing/testing.go:156
+#3  0x000000000040ea6f in runtime.initdone () at /home/user/go/src/runtime/proc.c:243
+....
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Look at the source code:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>l</b>
+92              mu      sync.Mutex
+93              machine []*machine
+94      }
+95
+96      // String returns the source text used to compile the regular expression.
+97      func (re *Regexp) String() string {
+98              return re.expr
+99      }
+100
+101     // Compile parses a regular expression and returns, if successful,
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Pretty_Printing">Pretty Printing</h3>
+
+<p>
+GDB's pretty printing mechanism is triggered by regexp matches on type names.  An example for slices:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>p utf</b>
+$22 =  []uint8 = {0 '\000', 0 '\000', 0 '\000', 0 '\000'}
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Since slices, arrays and strings are not C pointers, GDB can't interpret the subscripting operation for you, but
+you can look inside the runtime representation to do that (tab completion helps here):
+</p>
+<pre>
+
+(gdb) <b>p slc</b>
+$11 =  []int = {0, 0}
+(gdb) <b>p slc-&gt;</b><i>&lt;TAB&gt;</i>
+array  slc    len    
+(gdb) <b>p slc->array</b>
+$12 = (int *) 0xf84057af00
+(gdb) <b>p slc->array[1]</b>
+$13 = 0</pre>
+
+
+
+<p>
+The extension functions $len and $cap work on strings, arrays and slices:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>p $len(utf)</b>
+$23 = 4
+(gdb) <b>p $cap(utf)</b>
+$24 = 4
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Channels and maps are 'reference' types, which gdb shows as pointers to C++-like types <code>hash&lt;int,string&gt;*</code>.  Dereferencing will trigger prettyprinting
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Interfaces are represented in the runtime as a pointer to a type descriptor and a pointer to a value.  The Go GDB runtime extension decodes this and automatically triggers pretty printing for the runtime type.  The extension function <code>$dtype</code> decodes the dynamic type for you (examples are taken from a breakpoint at <code>regexp.go</code> line 293.)
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+(gdb) <b>p i</b>
+$4 = {str = "cbb"}
+(gdb) <b>whatis i</b>
+type = regexp.input
+(gdb) <b>p $dtype(i)</b>
+$26 = (struct regexp.inputBytes *) 0xf8400b4930
+(gdb) <b>iface i</b>
+regexp.input: struct regexp.inputBytes *
+</pre>

doc/diagnostics.html

@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+<!--{
+	"Title": "Diagnostics",
+	"Template": true
+}-->
+
+<!--
+NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
+set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
+<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
+Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
+-->
+
+<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>
+The Go ecosystem provides a large suite of APIs and tools to
+diagnose logic and performance problems in Go programs. This page
+summarizes the available tools and helps Go users pick the right one
+for their specific problem.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Diagnostics solutions can be categorized into the following groups:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><strong>Profiling</strong>: Profiling tools analyze the complexity and costs of a
+Go program such as its memory usage and frequently called
+functions to identify the expensive sections of a Go program.</li>
+<li><strong>Tracing</strong>: Tracing is a way to instrument code to analyze latency
+throughout the lifecycle of a call or user request. Traces provide an
+overview of how much latency each component contributes to the overall
+latency in a system. Traces can span multiple Go processes.</li>
+<li><strong>Debugging</strong>: Debugging allows us to pause a Go program and examine
+its execution. Program state and flow can be verified with debugging.</li>
+<li><strong>Runtime statistics and events</strong>: Collection and analysis of runtime stats and events
+provides a high-level overview of the health of Go programs. Spikes/dips of metrics
+helps us to identify changes in throughput, utilization, and performance.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+Note: Some diagnostics tools may interfere with each other. For example, precise
+memory profiling skews CPU profiles and goroutine blocking profiling affects scheduler
+trace. Use tools in isolation to get more precise info.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="profiling">Profiling</h2>
+
+<p>
+Profiling is useful for identifying expensive or frequently called sections
+of code. The Go runtime provides <a href="https://golang.org/pkg/runtime/pprof/">
+profiling data</a> in the format expected by the
+<a href="https://github.com/google/pprof/blob/master/doc/README.md">pprof visualization tool</a>.
+The profiling data can be collected during testing
+via <code>go</code> <code>test</code> or endpoints made available from the <a href="/pkg/net/http/pprof/">
+net/http/pprof</a> package. Users need to collect the profiling data and use pprof tools to filter
+and visualize the top code paths.
+</p>
+
+<p>Predefined profiles provided by the <a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof">runtime/pprof</a> package:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<strong>cpu</strong>: CPU profile determines where a program spends
+its time while actively consuming CPU cycles (as opposed to while sleeping or waiting for I/O).
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>heap</strong>: Heap profile reports memory allocation samples;
+used to monitor current and historical memory usage, and to check for memory leaks.
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>threadcreate</strong>: Thread creation profile reports the sections
+of the program that lead the creation of new OS threads.
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>goroutine</strong>: Goroutine profile reports the stack traces of all current goroutines.
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>block</strong>: Block profile shows where goroutines block waiting on synchronization
+primitives (including timer channels). Block profile is not enabled by default;
+use <code>runtime.SetBlockProfileRate</code> to enable it.
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>mutex</strong>: Mutex profile reports the lock contentions. When you think your
+CPU is not fully utilized due to a mutex contention, use this profile. Mutex profile
+is not enabled by default, see <code>runtime.SetMutexProfileFraction</code> to enable it.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p><strong>What other profilers can I use to profile Go programs?</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+On Linux, <a href="https://perf.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Tutorial">perf tools</a>
+can be used for profiling Go programs. Perf can profile
+and unwind cgo/SWIG code and kernel, so it can be useful to get insights into
+native/kernel performance bottlenecks. On macOS,
+<a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/InstrumentsUserGuide/">Instruments</a>
+suite can be used profile Go programs.
+</p>
+
+<p><strong>Can I profile my production services?</strong></p>
+
+<p>Yes. It is safe to profile programs in production, but enabling
+some profiles (e.g. the CPU profile) adds cost. You should expect to
+see performance downgrade. The performance penalty can be estimated
+by measuring the overhead of the profiler before turning it on in
+production.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+You may want to periodically profile your production services.
+Especially in a system with many replicas of a single process, selecting
+a random replica periodically is a safe option.
+Select a production process, profile it for
+X seconds for every Y seconds and save the results for visualization and
+analysis; then repeat periodically. Results may be manually and/or automatically
+reviewed to find problems.
+Collection of profiles can interfere with each other,
+so it is recommended to collect only a single profile at a time.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>What are the best ways to visualize the profiling data?</strong>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Go tools provide text, graph, and <a href="http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cl-manual.html">callgrind</a>
+visualization of the profile data using
+<code><a href="https://github.com/google/pprof/blob/master/doc/README.md">go tool pprof</a></code>.
+Read <a href="https://blog.golang.org/profiling-go-programs">Profiling Go programs</a>
+to see them in action.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<img width="800" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/golangorg-assets/pprof-text.png">
+<br>
+<small>Listing of the most expensive calls as text.</small>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<img width="800" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/golangorg-assets/pprof-dot.png">
+<br>
+<small>Visualization of the most expensive calls as a graph.</small>
+</p>
+
+<p>Weblist view displays the expensive parts of the source line by line in
+an HTML page. In the following example, 530ms is spent in the
+<code>runtime.concatstrings</code> and cost of each line is presented
+in the listing.</p>
+
+<p>
+<img width="800" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/golangorg-assets/pprof-weblist.png">
+<br>
+<small>Visualization of the most expensive calls as weblist.</small>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Another way to visualize profile data is a <a href="http://www.brendangregg.com/flamegraphs.html">flame graph</a>.
+Flame graphs allow you to move in a specific ancestry path, so you can zoom
+in/out of specific sections of code.
+The <a href="https://github.com/google/pprof">upstream pprof</a>
+has support for flame graphs.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<img width="800" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/golangorg-assets/flame.png">
+<br>
+<small>Flame graphs offers visualization to spot the most expensive code-paths.</small>
+</p>
+
+<p><strong>Am I restricted to the built-in profiles?</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+Additionally to what is provided by the runtime, Go users can create
+their custom profiles via <a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof/#Profile">pprof.Profile</a>
+and use the existing tools to examine them.
+</p>
+
+<p><strong>Can I serve the profiler handlers (/debug/pprof/...) on a different path and port?</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+Yes. The <code>net/http/pprof</code> package registers its handlers to the default
+mux by default, but you can also register them yourself by using the handlers
+exported from the package.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+For example, the following example will serve the pprof.Profile
+handler on :7777 at /custom_debug_path/profile:
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<pre>
+package main
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/pprof"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/custom_debug_path/profile", pprof.Profile)
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":7777", mux))
+}
+</pre>
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="tracing">Tracing</h2>
+
+<p>
+Tracing is a way to instrument code to analyze latency throughout the
+lifecycle of a chain of calls. Go provides
+<a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/net/trace">golang.org/x/net/trace</a>
+package as a minimal tracing backend per Go node and provides a minimal
+instrumentation library with a simple dashboard. Go also provides
+an execution tracer to trace the runtime events within an interval.
+</p>
+
+<p>Tracing enables us to:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Instrument and analyze application latency in a Go process.</li>
+<li>Measure the cost of specific calls in a long chain of calls.</li>
+<li>Figure out the utilization and performance improvements.
+Bottlenecks are not always obvious without tracing data.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+In monolithic systems, it's relatively easy to collect diagnostic data
+from the building blocks of a program. All modules live within one
+process and share common resources to report logs, errors, and other
+diagnostic information. Once your system grows beyond a single process and
+starts to become distributed, it becomes harder to follow a call starting
+from the front-end web server to all of its back-ends until a response is
+returned back to the user. This is where distributed tracing plays a big
+role to instrument and analyze your production systems.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Distributed tracing is a way to instrument code to analyze latency throughout
+the lifecycle of a user request. When a system is distributed and when
+conventional profiling and debugging tools don’t scale, you might want
+to use distributed tracing tools to analyze the performance of your user
+requests and RPCs.
+</p>
+
+<p>Distributed tracing enables us to:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Instrument and profile application latency in a large system.</li>
+<li>Track all RPCs within the lifecycle of a user request and see integration issues
+that are only visible in production.</li>
+<li>Figure out performance improvements that can be applied to our systems.
+Many bottlenecks are not obvious before the collection of tracing data.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The Go ecosystem provides various distributed tracing libraries per tracing system
+and backend-agnostic ones.</p>
+
+
+<p><strong>Is there a way to automatically intercept each function call and create traces?</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+Go doesn’t provide a way to automatically intercept every function call and create
+trace spans. You need to manually instrument your code to create, end, and annotate spans.
+</p>
+
+<p><strong>How should I propagate trace headers in Go libraries?</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+You can propagate trace identifiers and tags in the
+<a href="/pkg/context#Context"><code>context.Context</code></a>.
+There is no canonical trace key or common representation of trace headers
+in the industry yet. Each tracing provider is responsible for providing propagation
+utilities in their Go libraries.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>What other low-level events from the standard library or
+runtime can be included in a trace?</strong>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The standard library and runtime are trying to expose several additional APIs
+to notify on low level internal events. For example,
+<a href="/pkg/net/http/httptrace#ClientTrace"><code>httptrace.ClientTrace</code></a>
+provides APIs to follow low-level events in the life cycle of an outgoing request.
+There is an ongoing effort to retrieve low-level runtime events from
+the runtime execution tracer and allow users to define and record their user events.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="debugging">Debugging</h2>
+
+<p>
+Debugging is the process of identifying why a program misbehaves.
+Debuggers allow us to understand a program’s execution flow and current state.
+There are several styles of debugging; this section will only focus on attaching
+a debugger to a program and core dump debugging.
+</p>
+
+<p>Go users mostly use the following debuggers:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<a href="https://github.com/derekparker/delve">Delve</a>:
+Delve is a debugger for the Go programming language. It has
+support for Go’s runtime concepts and built-in types. Delve is
+trying to be a fully featured reliable debugger for Go programs.
+</li>
+<li>
+<a href="https://golang.org/doc/gdb">GDB</a>:
+Go provides GDB support via the standard Go compiler and Gccgo.
+The stack management, threading, and runtime contain aspects that differ
+enough from the execution model GDB expects that they can confuse the
+debugger, even when the program is compiled with gccgo. Even though
+GDB can be used to debug Go programs, it is not ideal and may
+create confusion.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><strong>How well do debuggers work with Go programs?</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+The <code>gc</code> compiler performs optimizations such as
+function inlining and variable registerization. These optimizations
+sometimes make debugging with debuggers harder. There is an ongoing
+effort to improve the quality of the DWARF information generated for
+optimized binaries. Until those improvements are available, we recommend
+disabling optimizations when building the code being debugged. The following
+command builds a package with no compiler optimizations:
+
+<p>
+<pre>
+$ go build -gcflags=all="-N -l"
+</pre>
+</p>
+
+As part of the improvement effort, Go 1.10 introduced a new compiler
+flag <code>-dwarflocationlists</code>. The flag causes the compiler to
+add location lists that helps debuggers work with optimized binaries.
+The following command builds a package with optimizations but with
+the DWARF location lists:
+
+<p>
+<pre>
+$ go build -gcflags="-dwarflocationlists=true"
+</pre>
+</p>
+
+<p><strong>What’s the recommended debugger user interface?</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+Even though both delve and gdb provides CLIs, most editor integrations
+and IDEs provides debugging-specific user interfaces.
+</p>
+
+<p><strong>Is it possible to do postmortem debugging with Go programs?</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+A core dump file is a file that contains the memory dump of a running
+process and its process status. It is primarily used for post-mortem
+debugging of a program and to understand its state
+while it is still running. These two cases make debugging of core
+dumps a good diagnostic aid to postmortem and analyze production
+services. It is possible to obtain core files from Go programs and
+use delve or gdb to debug, see the
+<a href="https://golang.org/wiki/CoreDumpDebugging">core dump debugging</a>
+page for a step-by-step guide.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="runtime">Runtime statistics and events</h2>
+
+<p>
+The runtime provides stats and reporting of internal events for
+users to diagnose performance and utilization problems at the
+runtime level.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Users can monitor these stats to better understand the overall
+health and performance of Go programs.
+Some frequently monitored stats and states:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><code><a href="/pkg/runtime/#ReadMemStats">runtime.ReadMemStats</a></code>
+reports the metrics related to heap
+allocation and garbage collection. Memory stats are useful for
+monitoring how much memory resources a process is consuming,
+whether the process can utilize memory well, and to catch
+memory leaks.</li>
+<li><code><a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#ReadGCStats">debug.ReadGCStats</a></code>
+reads statistics about garbage collection.
+It is useful to see how much of the resources are spent on GC pauses.
+It also reports a timeline of garbage collector pauses and pause time percentiles.</li>
+<li><code><a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#Stack">debug.Stack</a></code>
+returns the current stack trace. Stack trace
+is useful to see how many goroutines are currently running,
+what they are doing, and whether they are blocked or not.</li>
+<li><code><a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#WriteHeapDump">debug.WriteHeapDump</a></code>
+suspends the execution of all goroutines
+and allows you to dump the heap to a file. A heap dump is a
+snapshot of a Go process' memory at a given time. It contains all
+allocated objects as well as goroutines, finalizers, and more.</li>
+<li><code><a href="/pkg/runtime#NumGoroutine">runtime.NumGoroutine</a></code>
+returns the number of current goroutines.
+The value can be monitored to see whether enough goroutines are
+utilized, or to detect goroutine leaks.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="execution-tracer">Execution tracer</h3>
+
+<p>Go comes with a runtime execution tracer to capture a wide range
+of runtime events. Scheduling, syscall, garbage collections,
+heap size, and other events are collected by runtime and available
+for visualization by the go tool trace. Execution tracer is a tool
+to detect latency and utilization problems. You can examine how well
+the CPU is utilized, and when networking or syscalls are a cause of
+preemption for the goroutines.</p>
+
+<p>Tracer is useful to:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Understand how your goroutines execute.</li>
+<li>Understand some of the core runtime events such as GC runs.</li>
+<li>Identify poorly parallelized execution.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>However, it is not great for identifying hot spots such as
+analyzing the cause of excessive memory or CPU usage.
+Use profiling tools instead first to address them.</p>
+
+<p>
+<img width="800" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/golangorg-assets/tracer-lock.png">
+</p>
+
+<p>Above, the go tool trace visualization shows the execution started
+fine, and then it became serialized. It suggests that there might
+be lock contention for a shared resource that creates a bottleneck.</p>
+
+<p>See <a href="https://golang.org/cmd/trace/"><code>go</code> <code>tool</code> <code>trace</code></a>
+to collect and analyze runtime traces.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="godebug">GODEBUG</h3>
+
+<p>Runtime also emits events and information if
+<a href="https://golang.org/pkg/runtime/#hdr-Environment_Variables">GODEBUG</a>
+environmental variable is set accordingly.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>GODEBUG=gctrace=1 prints garbage collector events at
+each collection, summarizing the amount of memory collected
+and the length of the pause.</li>
+<li>GODEBUG=schedtrace=X prints scheduling events every X milliseconds.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The GODEBUG environmental variable can be used to disable use of
+instruction set extensions in the standard library and runtime.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>GODEBUG=cpu.all=off disables the use of all optional
+instruction set extensions.</li>
+<li>GODEBUG=cpu.<em>extension</em>=off disables use of instructions from the
+specified instruction set extension.<br>
+<em>extension</em> is the lower case name for the instruction set extension
+such as <em>sse41</em> or <em>avx</em>.</li>
+</ul>

doc/editors.html

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<!--{
+	"Title": "Editor plugins and IDEs",
+	"Template": true
+}-->
+
+<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>
+  This document lists commonly used editor plugins and IDEs from the Go ecosystem
+  that make Go development more productive and seamless.
+  A comprehensive list of editor support and IDEs for Go development is available at
+  <a href="https://golang.org/wiki/IDEsAndTextEditorPlugins">the wiki</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="options">Options</h2>
+<p>
+The Go ecosystem provides a variety of editor plugins and IDEs to enhance your day-to-day
+editing, navigation, testing, and debugging experience.
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/fatih/vim-go">vim</a>: vim-go plugin provides Go programming language support</li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=lukehoban.Go">Visual Studio Code</a>:
+Go extension provides support for the Go programming language</li>
+<li><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/go">GoLand</a>: GoLand is distributed either as a standalone IDE
+or as a plugin for IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate</li>
+<li><a href="https://atom.io/packages/go-plus">Atom</a>: Go-Plus is an Atom package that provides enhanced Go support</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+Note that these are only a few top solutions; a more comprehensive
+community-maintained list of
+<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/IDEsAndTextEditorPlugins">IDEs and text editor plugins</a>
+is available at the Wiki.
+</p>

doc/gccgo_contribute.html

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+<!--{
+	"Title": "Contributing to the gccgo frontend"
+}-->
+
+<h2>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>
+These are some notes on contributing to the gccgo frontend for GCC.
+For information on contributing to parts of Go other than gccgo,
+see <a href="/doc/contribute.html">Contributing to the Go project</a>.  For
+information on building gccgo for yourself,
+see <a href="/doc/gccgo_install.html">Setting up and using gccgo</a>.
+For more of the gritty details on the process of doing development
+with the gccgo frontend,
+see <a href="https://go.googlesource.com/gofrontend/+/master/HACKING">the
+file HACKING</a> in the gofrontend repository.
+</p>
+
+<h2>Legal Prerequisites</h2>
+
+<p>
+You must follow the <a href="/doc/contribute.html#copyright">Go copyright
+rules</a> for all changes to the gccgo frontend and the associated
+libgo library.  Code that is part of GCC rather than gccgo must follow
+the general <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/contribute.html">GCC
+contribution rules</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h2>Code</h2>
+
+<p>
+The master sources for the gccgo frontend may be found at
+<a href="https://go.googlesource.com/gofrontend">https://go.googlesource.com/gofrontend</a>.
+They are mirrored
+at <a href="https://github.com/golang/gofrontend">https://github.com/golang/gofrontend</a>.
+The master sources are not buildable by themselves, but only in
+conjunction with GCC (in the future, other compilers may be
+supported).  Changes made to the gccgo frontend are also applied to
+the GCC source code repository hosted at <code>gcc.gnu.org</code>.  In
+the <code>gofrontend</code> repository, the <code>go</code> directory
+is mirrored to the <code>gcc/go/gofrontend</code> directory in the GCC
+repository, and the <code>gofrontend</code> <code>libgo</code>
+directory is mirrored to the GCC <code>libgo</code> directory.  In
+addition, the <code>test</code> directory
+from <a href="//go.googlesource.com/go">the main Go repository</a>
+is mirrored to the <code>gcc/testsuite/go.test/test</code> directory
+in the GCC repository.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Changes to these directories always flow from the master sources to
+the GCC repository.  The files should never be changed in the GCC
+repository except by changing them in the master sources and mirroring
+them.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The gccgo frontend is written in C++.
+It follows the GNU and GCC coding standards for C++.
+In writing code for the frontend, follow the formatting of the
+surrounding code.
+Almost all GCC-specific code is not in the frontend proper and is
+instead in the GCC sources in the <code>gcc/go</code> directory.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The run-time library for gccgo is mostly the same as the library
+in <a href="//go.googlesource.com/go">the main Go repository</a>.
+The library code in the Go repository is periodically merged into
+the <code>libgo/go</code> directory of the <code>gofrontend</code> and
+then the GCC repositories, using the shell
+script <code>libgo/merge.sh</code>.  Accordingly, most library changes
+should be made in the main Go repository.  The files outside
+of <code>libgo/go</code> are gccgo-specific; that said, some of the
+files in <code>libgo/runtime</code> are based on files
+in <code>src/runtime</code> in the main Go repository.
+</p>
+
+<h2>Testing</h2>
+
+<p>
+All patches must be tested.  A patch that introduces new failures is
+not acceptable.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To run the gccgo test suite, run <code>make check-go</code> in your
+build directory.  This will run various tests
+under <code>gcc/testsuite/go.*</code> and will also run
+the <code>libgo</code> testsuite.  This copy of the tests from the
+main Go repository is run using the DejaGNU script found
+in <code>gcc/testsuite/go.test/go-test.exp</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Most new tests should be submitted to the main Go repository for later
+mirroring into the GCC repository.  If there is a need for specific
+tests for gccgo, they should go in
+the <code>gcc/testsuite/go.go-torture</code>
+or <code>gcc/testsuite/go.dg</code> directories in the GCC repository.
+</p>
+
+<h2>Submitting Changes</h2>
+
+<p>
+Changes to the Go frontend should follow the same process as for the
+main Go repository, only for the <code>gofrontend</code> project and
+the <code>gofrontend-dev@googlegroups.com</code> mailing list
+rather than the <code>go</code> project and the
+<code>golang-dev@googlegroups.com</code> mailing list.  Those changes
+will then be merged into the GCC sources.
+</p>

doc/gccgo_install.html

@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+<!--{
+	"Title": "Setting up and using gccgo",
+	"Path": "/doc/install/gccgo"
+}-->
+
+<p>
+This document explains how to use gccgo, a compiler for
+the Go language. The gccgo compiler is a new frontend
+for GCC, the widely used GNU compiler. Although the
+frontend itself is under a BSD-style license, gccgo is
+normally used as part of GCC and is then covered by
+the <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public
+License</a> (the license covers gccgo itself as part of GCC; it
+does not cover code generated by gccgo).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Note that gccgo is not the <code>gc</code> compiler; see
+the <a href="/doc/install.html">Installing Go</a> instructions for that
+compiler.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="Releases">Releases</h2>
+
+<p>
+The simplest way to install gccgo is to install a GCC binary release
+built to include Go support. GCC binary releases are available from
+<a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/install/binaries.html">various
+websites</a> and are typically included as part of GNU/Linux
+distributions. We expect that most people who build these binaries
+will include Go support.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The GCC 4.7.1 release and all later 4.7 releases include a complete
+<a href="/doc/go1.html">Go 1</a> compiler and libraries.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Due to timing, the GCC 4.8.0 and 4.8.1 releases are close to but not
+identical to Go 1.1. The GCC 4.8.2 release includes a complete Go
+1.1.2 implementation.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The GCC 4.9 releases include a complete Go 1.2 implementation.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The GCC 5 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.4
+user libraries. The Go 1.4 runtime is not fully merged, but that
+should not be visible to Go programs.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The GCC 6 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.6.1
+user libraries. The Go 1.6 runtime is not fully merged, but that
+should not be visible to Go programs.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The GCC 7 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.8.1
+user libraries. As with earlier releases, the Go 1.8 runtime is not
+fully merged, but that should not be visible to Go programs.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The GCC 8 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.10.1
+release. The Go 1.10 runtime has now been fully merged into the GCC
+development sources, and concurrent garbage collection is fully
+supported.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The GCC 9 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.12.2
+release.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="Source_code">Source code</h2>
+
+<p>
+If you cannot use a release, or prefer to build gccgo for
+yourself,
+the gccgo source code is accessible via Subversion. The
+GCC web site
+has <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/svn.html">instructions for getting the
+GCC source code</a>. The gccgo source code is included. As a
+convenience, a stable version of the Go support is available in
+a branch of the main GCC code
+repository: <code>svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gccgo</code>.
+This branch is periodically updated with stable Go compiler sources.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Note that although <code>gcc.gnu.org</code> is the most convenient way
+to get the source code for the Go frontend, it is not where the master
+sources live. If you want to contribute changes to the Go frontend
+compiler, see <a href="/doc/gccgo_contribute.html">Contributing to
+gccgo</a>.
+</p>
+
+
+<h2 id="Building">Building</h2>
+
+<p>
+Building gccgo is just like building GCC
+with one or two additional options. See
+the <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/install/">instructions on the gcc web
+site</a>. When you run <code>configure</code>, add the
+option <code>--enable-languages=c,c++,go</code> (along with other
+languages you may want to build). If you are targeting a 32-bit x86,
+then you will want to build gccgo to default to
+supporting locked compare and exchange instructions; do this by also
+using the <code>configure</code> option <code>--with-arch=i586</code>
+(or a newer architecture, depending on where you need your programs to
+run). If you are targeting a 64-bit x86, but sometimes want to use
+the <code>-m32</code> option, then use the <code>configure</code>
+option <code>--with-arch-32=i586</code>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="Gold">Gold</h3>
+
+<p>
+On x86 GNU/Linux systems the gccgo compiler is able to
+use a small discontiguous stack for goroutines. This permits programs
+to run many more goroutines, since each goroutine can use a relatively
+small stack. Doing this requires using the gold linker version 2.22
+or later. You can either install GNU binutils 2.22 or later, or you
+can build gold yourself.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To build gold yourself, build the GNU binutils,
+using <code>--enable-gold=default</code> when you run
+the <code>configure</code> script. Before building, you must install
+the flex and bison packages. A typical sequence would look like
+this (you can replace <code>/opt/gold</code> with any directory to
+which you have write access):
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+cvs -z 9 -d :pserver:anoncvs@sourceware.org:/cvs/src login
+[password is "anoncvs"]
+[The next command will create a directory named src, not binutils]
+cvs -z 9 -d :pserver:anoncvs@sourceware.org:/cvs/src co binutils
+mkdir binutils-objdir
+cd binutils-objdir
+../src/configure --enable-gold=default --prefix=/opt/gold
+make
+make install
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+However you install gold, when you configure gccgo, use the
+option <code>--with-ld=<var>GOLD_BINARY</var></code>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="Prerequisites">Prerequisites</h3>
+
+<p>
+A number of prerequisites are required to build GCC, as
+described on
+the <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/install/prerequisites.html">gcc web
+site</a>. It is important to install all the prerequisites before
+running the gcc <code>configure</code> script.
+The prerequisite libraries can be conveniently downloaded using the
+script <code>contrib/download_prerequisites</code> in the GCC sources.
+
+<h3 id="Build_commands">Build commands</h3>
+
+<p>
+Once all the prerequisites are installed, then a typical build and
+install sequence would look like this (only use
+the <code>--with-ld</code> option if you are using the gold linker as
+described above):
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+svn checkout svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gccgo gccgo
+mkdir objdir
+cd objdir
+../gccgo/configure --prefix=/opt/gccgo --enable-languages=c,c++,go --with-ld=/opt/gold/bin/ld
+make
+make install
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Using_gccgo">Using gccgo</h2>
+
+<p>
+The gccgo compiler works like other gcc frontends. As of GCC 5 the gccgo
+installation also includes a version of the <code>go</code> command,
+which may be used to build Go programs as described at
+<a href="https://golang.org/cmd/go">https://golang.org/cmd/go</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To compile a file without using the <code>go</code> command:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+gccgo -c file.go
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+That produces <code>file.o</code>. To link files together to form an
+executable:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+gccgo -o file file.o
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+To run the resulting file, you will need to tell the program where to
+find the compiled Go packages. There are a few ways to do this:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+Set the <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code> environment variable:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${prefix}/lib/gcc/MACHINE/VERSION
+[or]
+LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${prefix}/lib64/gcc/MACHINE/VERSION
+export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Here <code>${prefix}</code> is the <code>--prefix</code> option used
+when building gccgo. For a binary install this is
+normally <code>/usr</code>. Whether to use <code>lib</code>
+or <code>lib64</code> depends on the target.
+Typically <code>lib64</code> is correct for x86_64 systems,
+and <code>lib</code> is correct for other systems. The idea is to
+name the directory where <code>libgo.so</code> is found.
+</p>
+
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>
+Passing a <code>-Wl,-R</code> option when you link (replace lib with
+lib64 if appropriate for your system):
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+go build -gccgoflags -Wl,-R,${prefix}/lib/gcc/MACHINE/VERSION
+[or]
+gccgo -o file file.o -Wl,-R,${prefix}/lib/gcc/MACHINE/VERSION
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>
+Use the <code>-static-libgo</code> option to link statically against
+the compiled packages.
+</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>
+Use the <code>-static</code> option to do a fully static link (the
+default for the <code>gc</code> compiler).
+</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="Options">Options</h2>
+
+<p>
+The gccgo compiler supports all GCC options
+that are language independent, notably the <code>-O</code>
+and <code>-g</code> options.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <code>-fgo-pkgpath=PKGPATH</code> option may be used to set a
+unique prefix for the package being compiled.
+This option is automatically used by the go command, but you may want
+to use it if you invoke gccgo directly.
+This option is intended for use with large
+programs that contain many packages, in order to allow multiple
+packages to use the same identifier as the package name.
+The <code>PKGPATH</code> may be any string; a good choice for the
+string is the path used to import the package.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <code>-I</code> and <code>-L</code> options, which are synonyms
+for the compiler, may be used to set the search path for finding
+imports.
+These options are not needed if you build with the go command.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="Imports">Imports</h2>
+
+<p>
+When you compile a file that exports something, the export
+information will be stored directly in the object file.
+If you build with gccgo directly, rather than with the go command,
+then when you import a package, you must tell gccgo how to find the
+file.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+When you import the package <var>FILE</var> with gccgo,
+it will look for the import data in the following files, and use the
+first one that it finds.
+
+<ul>
+<li><code><var>FILE</var>.gox</code>
+<li><code>lib<var>FILE</var>.so</code>
+<li><code>lib<var>FILE</var>.a</code>
+<li><code><var>FILE</var>.o</code>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+<code><var>FILE</var>.gox</code>, when used, will typically contain
+nothing but export data. This can be generated from
+<code><var>FILE</var>.o</code> via
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+objcopy -j .go_export FILE.o FILE.gox
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The gccgo compiler will look in the current
+directory for import files. In more complex scenarios you
+may pass the <code>-I</code> or <code>-L</code> option to
+gccgo. Both options take directories to search. The
+<code>-L</code> option is also passed to the linker.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The gccgo compiler does not currently (2015-06-15) record
+the file name of imported packages in the object file. You must
+arrange for the imported data to be linked into the program.
+Again, this is not necessary when building with the go command.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+gccgo -c mypackage.go              # Exports mypackage
+gccgo -c main.go                   # Imports mypackage
+gccgo -o main main.o mypackage.o   # Explicitly links with mypackage.o
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Debugging">Debugging</h2>
+
+<p>
+If you use the <code>-g</code> option when you compile, you can run
+<code>gdb</code> on your executable. The debugger has only limited
+knowledge about Go. You can set breakpoints, single-step,
+etc. You can print variables, but they will be printed as though they
+had C/C++ types. For numeric types this doesn't matter. Go strings
+and interfaces will show up as two-element structures. Go
+maps and channels are always represented as C pointers to run-time
+structures.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="C_Interoperability">C Interoperability</h2>
+
+<p>
+When using gccgo there is limited interoperability with C,
+or with C++ code compiled using <code>extern "C"</code>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="Types">Types</h3>
+
+<p>
+Basic types map directly: an <code>int32</code> in Go is
+an <code>int32_t</code> in C, an <code>int64</code> is
+an <code>int64_t</code>, etc.
+The Go type <code>int</code> is an integer that is the same size as a
+pointer, and as such corresponds to the C type <code>intptr_t</code>.
+Go <code>byte</code> is equivalent to C <code>unsigned char</code>.
+Pointers in Go are pointers in C.
+A Go <code>struct</code> is the same as C <code>struct</code> with the
+same fields and types.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Go <code>string</code> type is currently defined as a two-element
+structure (this is <b style="color: red;">subject to change</b>):
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+struct __go_string {
+  const unsigned char *__data;
+  intptr_t __length;
+};
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+You can't pass arrays between C and Go. However, a pointer to an
+array in Go is equivalent to a C pointer to the
+equivalent of the element type.
+For example, Go <code>*[10]int</code> is equivalent to C <code>int*</code>,
+assuming that the C pointer does point to 10 elements.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A slice in Go is a structure. The current definition is
+(this is <b style="color: red;">subject to change</b>):
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+struct __go_slice {
+  void *__values;
+  intptr_t __count;
+  intptr_t __capacity;
+};
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of a Go function is a pointer to a struct (this is
+<b style="color: red;">subject to change</b>). The first field in the
+struct points to the code of the function, which will be equivalent to
+a pointer to a C function whose parameter types are equivalent, with
+an additional trailing parameter. The trailing parameter is the
+closure, and the argument to pass is a pointer to the Go function
+struct.
+
+When a Go function returns more than one value, the C function returns
+a struct. For example, these functions are roughly equivalent:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+func GoFunction(int) (int, float64)
+struct { int i; float64 f; } CFunction(int, void*)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Go <code>interface</code>, <code>channel</code>, and <code>map</code>
+types have no corresponding C type (<code>interface</code> is a
+two-element struct and <code>channel</code> and <code>map</code> are
+pointers to structs in C, but the structs are deliberately undocumented). C
+<code>enum</code> types correspond to some integer type, but precisely
+which one is difficult to predict in general; use a cast. C <code>union</code>
+types have no corresponding Go type. C <code>struct</code> types containing
+bitfields have no corresponding Go type. C++ <code>class</code> types have
+no corresponding Go type.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Memory allocation is completely different between C and Go, as Go uses
+garbage collection. The exact guidelines in this area are undetermined,
+but it is likely that it will be permitted to pass a pointer to allocated
+memory from C to Go. The responsibility of eventually freeing the pointer
+will remain with C side, and of course if the C side frees the pointer
+while the Go side still has a copy the program will fail. When passing a
+pointer from Go to C, the Go function must retain a visible copy of it in
+some Go variable. Otherwise the Go garbage collector may delete the
+pointer while the C function is still using it.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="Function_names">Function names</h3>
+
+<p>
+Go code can call C functions directly using a Go extension implemented
+in gccgo: a function declaration may be preceded by
+<code>//extern NAME</code>. For example, here is how the C function
+<code>open</code> can be declared in Go:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+//extern open
+func c_open(name *byte, mode int, perm int) int
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The C function naturally expects a NUL-terminated string, which in
+Go is equivalent to a pointer to an array (not a slice!) of
+<code>byte</code> with a terminating zero byte. So a sample call
+from Go would look like (after importing the <code>syscall</code> package):
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+var name = [4]byte{'f', 'o', 'o', 0};
+i := c_open(&amp;name[0], syscall.O_RDONLY, 0);
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+(this serves as an example only, to open a file in Go please use Go's
+<code>os.Open</code> function instead).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Note that if the C function can block, such as in a call
+to <code>read</code>, calling the C function may block the Go program.
+Unless you have a clear understanding of what you are doing, all calls
+between C and Go should be implemented through cgo or SWIG, as for
+the <code>gc</code> compiler.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The name of Go functions accessed from C is subject to change. At present
+the name of a Go function that does not have a receiver is
+<code>prefix.package.Functionname</code>. The prefix is set by
+the <code>-fgo-prefix</code> option used when the package is compiled;
+if the option is not used, the default is <code>go</code>.
+To call the function from C you must set the name using
+a GCC extension.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+extern int go_function(int) __asm__ ("myprefix.mypackage.Function");
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Automatic_generation_of_Go_declarations_from_C_source_code">
+Automatic generation of Go declarations from C source code</h3>
+
+<p>
+The Go version of GCC supports automatically generating
+Go declarations from C code. The facility is rather awkward, and most
+users should use the <a href="/cmd/cgo">cgo</a> program with
+the <code>-gccgo</code> option instead.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Compile your C code as usual, and add the option
+<code>-fdump-go-spec=<var>FILENAME</var></code>. This will create the
+file <code><var>FILENAME</var></code> as a side effect of the
+compilation. This file will contain Go declarations for the types,
+variables and functions declared in the C code. C types that can not
+be represented in Go will be recorded as comments in the Go code. The
+generated file will not have a <code>package</code> declaration, but
+can otherwise be compiled directly by gccgo.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+This procedure is full of unstated caveats and restrictions and we make no
+guarantee that it will not change in the future. It is more useful as a
+starting point for real Go code than as a regular procedure.
+</p>

doc/go1.11.html

@@ -0,0 +1,934 @@
+<!--{
+	"Title": "Go 1.11 Release Notes",
+	"Path":  "/doc/go1.11",
+	"Template": true
+}-->
+
+<!--
+NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
+set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
+<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
+Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
+-->
+
+<style>
+  main ul li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
+</style>
+
+<h2 id="introduction">Introduction to Go 1.11</h2>
+
+<p>
+  The latest Go release, version 1.11, arrives six months after <a href="go1.10">Go 1.10</a>.
+  Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries.
+  As always, the release maintains the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat.html">promise of compatibility</a>.
+  We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
+
+<p>
+  There are no changes to the language specification.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
+
+<p> <!-- CL 94255, CL 115038, etc -->
+  As <a href="go1.10#ports">announced in the Go 1.10 release notes</a>, Go 1.11 now requires
+  OpenBSD 6.2 or later, macOS 10.10 Yosemite or later, or Windows 7 or later;
+  support for previous versions of these operating systems has been removed.
+</p>
+
+<p> <!-- CL 121657 -->
+  Go 1.11 supports the upcoming OpenBSD 6.4 release. Due to changes in
+  the OpenBSD kernel, older versions of Go will not work on OpenBSD 6.4.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  There are <a href="https://golang.org/issue/25206">known issues</a> with NetBSD on i386 hardware.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 107935 -->
+  The race detector is now supported on <code>linux/ppc64le</code>
+  and, to a lesser extent, on <code>netbsd/amd64</code>. The NetBSD race detector support
+  has <a href="https://golang.org/issue/26403">known issues</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 109255 -->
+  The memory sanitizer (<code>-msan</code>) is now supported on <code>linux/arm64</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 93875 -->
+  The build modes <code>c-shared</code> and <code>c-archive</code> are now supported on
+  <code>freebsd/amd64</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p id="mips"><!-- CL 108475 -->
+  On 64-bit MIPS systems, the new environment variable settings
+  <code>GOMIPS64=hardfloat</code> (the default) and
+  <code>GOMIPS64=softfloat</code> select whether to use
+  hardware instructions or software emulation for floating-point computations.
+  For 32-bit systems, the environment variable is still <code>GOMIPS</code>,
+  as <a href="go1.10#mips">added in Go 1.10</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 107475 -->
+  On soft-float ARM systems (<code>GOARM=5</code>), Go now uses a more
+  efficient software floating point interface. This is transparent to
+  Go code, but ARM assembly that uses floating-point instructions not
+  guarded on GOARM will break and must be ported to
+  the <a href="https://golang.org/cl/107475">new interface</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 94076 -->
+  Go 1.11 on ARMv7 no longer requires a Linux kernel configured
+  with <code>KUSER_HELPERS</code>. This setting is enabled in default
+  kernel configurations, but is sometimes disabled in stripped-down
+  configurations.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="wasm">WebAssembly</h3>
+<p>
+  Go 1.11 adds an experimental port to <a href="https://webassembly.org">WebAssembly</a>
+  (<code>js/wasm</code>).
+</p>
+<p>
+  Go programs currently compile to one WebAssembly module that
+  includes the Go runtime for goroutine scheduling, garbage
+  collection, maps, etc.
+  As a result, the resulting size is at minimum around
+  2 MB, or 500 KB compressed. Go programs can call into JavaScript
+  using the new experimental
+  <a href="/pkg/syscall/js/"><code>syscall/js</code></a> package.
+  Binary size and interop with other languages has not yet been a
+  priority but may be addressed in future releases.
+</p>
+<p>
+  As a result of the addition of the new <code>GOOS</code> value
+  "<code>js</code>" and <code>GOARCH</code> value "<code>wasm</code>",
+  Go files named <code>*_js.go</code> or <code>*_wasm.go</code> will
+  now be <a href="/pkg/go/build/#hdr-Build_Constraints">ignored by Go
+  tools</a> except when those GOOS/GOARCH values are being used.
+  If you have existing filenames matching those patterns, you will need to rename them.
+</p>
+<p>
+  More information can be found on the
+  <a href="https://golang.org/wiki/WebAssembly">WebAssembly wiki page</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="riscv">RISC-V GOARCH values reserved</h3>
+<p><!-- CL 106256 -->
+  The main Go compiler does not yet support the RISC-V architecture <!-- is gonna change everything -->
+  but we've reserved the <code>GOARCH</code> values
+  "<code>riscv</code>" and "<code>riscv64</code>", as used by Gccgo,
+  which does support RISC-V. This means that Go files
+  named <code>*_riscv.go</code> will now also
+  be <a href="/pkg/go/build/#hdr-Build_Constraints">ignored by Go
+  tools</a> except when those GOOS/GOARCH values are being used.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
+
+<h3 id="modules">Modules, package versioning, and dependency management</h3>
+<p>
+  Go 1.11 adds preliminary support for a <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Modules__module_versions__and_more">new concept called “modules,”</a>
+  an alternative to GOPATH with integrated support for versioning and
+  package distribution.
+  Using modules, developers are no longer confined to working inside GOPATH,
+  version dependency information is explicit yet lightweight,
+  and builds are more reliable and reproducible.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  Module support is considered experimental.
+  Details are likely to change in response to feedback from Go 1.11 users,
+  and we have more tools planned.
+  Although the details of module support may change, projects that convert
+  to modules using Go 1.11 will continue to work with Go 1.12 and later.
+  If you encounter bugs using modules,
+  please <a href="https://golang.org/issue/new">file issues</a>
+  so we can fix them. For more information, see the
+  <a href="/cmd/go#hdr-Modules__module_versions__and_more"><code>go</code> command documentation</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="importpath">Import path restriction</h3>
+
+<p>
+  Because Go module support assigns special meaning to the
+  <code>@</code> symbol in command line operations,
+  the <code>go</code> command now disallows the use of
+  import paths containing <code>@</code> symbols.
+  Such import paths were never allowed by <code>go</code> <code>get</code>,
+  so this restriction can only affect users building
+  custom GOPATH trees by other means.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="gopackages">Package loading</h3>
+
+<p>
+  The new package
+  <a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/go/packages"><code>golang.org/x/tools/go/packages</code></a>
+  provides a simple API for locating and loading packages of Go source code.
+  Although not yet part of the standard library, for many tasks it
+  effectively replaces the <a href="/pkg/go/build"><code>go/build</code></a>
+  package, whose API is unable to fully support modules.
+  Because it runs an external query command such as
+  <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-List_packages"><code>go list</code></a>
+  to obtain information about Go packages, it enables the construction of
+  analysis tools that work equally well with alternative build systems
+  such as <a href="https://bazel.build">Bazel</a>
+  and <a href="https://buckbuild.com">Buck</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="gocache">Build cache requirement</h3>
+
+<p>
+  Go 1.11 will be the last release to support setting the environment
+  variable <code>GOCACHE=off</code> to disable the
+  <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Build_and_test_caching">build cache</a>,
+  introduced in Go 1.10.
+  Starting in Go 1.12, the build cache will be required,
+  as a step toward eliminating <code>$GOPATH/pkg</code>.
+  The module and package loading support described above
+  already require that the build cache be enabled.
+  If you have disabled the build cache to avoid problems you encountered,
+  please <a href="https://golang.org/issue/new">file an issue</a> to let us know about them.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="compiler">Compiler toolchain</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 109918 -->
+  More functions are now eligible for inlining by default, including
+  functions that call <code>panic</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 97375 -->
+  The compiler toolchain now supports column information
+  in <a href="/cmd/compile/#hdr-Compiler_Directives">line
+  directives</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 106797 -->
+  A new package export data format has been introduced.
+  This should be transparent to end users, except for speeding up
+  build times for large Go projects.
+  If it does cause problems, it can be turned off again by
+  passing <code>-gcflags=all=-iexport=false</code> to
+  the <code>go</code> tool when building a binary.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 100459 -->
+  The compiler now rejects unused variables declared in a type switch
+  guard, such as <code>x</code> in the following example:
+</p>
+<pre>
+func f(v interface{}) {
+	switch x := v.(type) {
+	}
+}
+</pre>
+<p>
+  This was already rejected by both <code>gccgo</code>
+  and <a href="/pkg/go/types/">go/types</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="assembler">Assembler</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 113315 -->
+  The assembler for <code>amd64</code> now accepts AVX512 instructions.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="debugging">Debugging</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 100738, CL 93664 -->
+  The compiler now produces significantly more accurate debug
+  information for optimized binaries, including variable location
+  information, line numbers, and breakpoint locations.
+
+  This should make it possible to debug binaries
+  compiled <em>without</em> <code>-N</code>&nbsp;<code>-l</code>.
+
+  There are still limitations to the quality of the debug information,
+  some of which are fundamental, and some of which will continue to
+  improve with future releases.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 118276 -->
+  DWARF sections are now compressed by default because of the expanded
+  and more accurate debug information produced by the compiler.
+
+  This is transparent to most ELF tools (such as debuggers on Linux
+  and *BSD) and is supported by the Delve debugger on all platforms,
+  but has limited support in the native tools on macOS and Windows.
+
+  To disable DWARF compression,
+  pass <code>-ldflags=-compressdwarf=false</code> to
+  the <code>go</code> tool when building a binary.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 109699 -->
+  Go 1.11 adds experimental support for calling Go functions from
+  within a debugger.
+
+  This is useful, for example, to call <code>String</code> methods
+  when paused at a breakpoint.
+
+  This is currently only supported by Delve (version 1.1.0 and up).
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="test">Test</h3>
+
+<p>
+  Since Go 1.10, the <code>go</code>&nbsp;<code>test</code> command runs
+  <code>go</code>&nbsp;<code>vet</code> on the package being tested,
+  to identify problems before running the test. Since <code>vet</code>
+  typechecks the code with <a href="/pkg/go/types/">go/types</a>
+  before running, tests that do not typecheck will now fail.
+
+  In particular, tests that contain an unused variable inside a
+  closure compiled with Go 1.10, because the Go compiler incorrectly
+  accepted them (<a href="https://golang.org/issues/3059">Issue #3059</a>),
+  but will now fail, since <code>go/types</code> correctly reports an
+  "unused variable" error in this case.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 102696 -->
+  The <code>-memprofile</code> flag
+  to <code>go</code>&nbsp;<code>test</code> now defaults to the
+  "allocs" profile, which records the total bytes allocated since the
+  test began (including garbage-collected bytes).
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="vet">Vet</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 108555 -->
+  The <a href="/cmd/vet/"><code>go</code>&nbsp;<code>vet</code></a>
+  command now reports a fatal error when the package under analysis
+  does not typecheck. Previously, a type checking error simply caused
+  a warning to be printed, and <code>vet</code> to exit with status 1.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 108559 -->
+  Additionally, <a href="/cmd/vet"><code>go</code>&nbsp;<code>vet</code></a>
+  has become more robust when format-checking <code>printf</code> wrappers.
+  Vet now detects the mistake in this example:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+func wrapper(s string, args ...interface{}) {
+	fmt.Printf(s, args...)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	wrapper("%s", 42)
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="trace">Trace</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 63274 -->
+  With the new <code>runtime/trace</code>
+  package's <a href="/pkg/runtime/trace/#hdr-User_annotation">user
+  annotation API</a>, users can record application-level information
+  in execution traces and create groups of related goroutines.
+  The <code>go</code>&nbsp;<code>tool</code>&nbsp;<code>trace</code>
+  command visualizes this information in the trace view and the new
+  user task/region analysis page.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="cgo">Cgo</h3>
+
+<p>
+Since Go 1.10, cgo has translated some C pointer types to the Go
+type <code>uintptr</code>. These types include
+the <code>CFTypeRef</code> hierarchy in Darwin's CoreFoundation
+framework and the <code>jobject</code> hierarchy in Java's JNI
+interface. In Go 1.11, several improvements have been made to the code
+that detects these types. Code that uses these types may need some
+updating. See the <a href="go1.10.html#cgo">Go 1.10 release notes</a> for
+details. <!-- CL 126275, CL 127156, CL 122217, CL 122575, CL 123177 -->
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="go_command">Go command</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 126656 -->
+  The environment variable <code>GOFLAGS</code> may now be used
+  to set default flags for the <code>go</code> command.
+  This is useful in certain situations.
+  Linking can be noticeably slower on underpowered systems due to DWARF,
+  and users may want to set <code>-ldflags=-w</code> by default.
+  For modules, some users and CI systems will want vendoring always,
+  so they should set <code>-mod=vendor</code> by default.
+  For more information, see the <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Environment_variables"><code>go</code>
+  command documentation</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="godoc">Godoc</h3>
+
+<p>
+  Go 1.11 will be the last release to support <code>godoc</code>'s command-line interface.
+  In future releases, <code>godoc</code> will only be a web server. Users should use
+  <code>go</code> <code>doc</code> for command-line help output instead.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 85396, CL 124495 -->
+  The <code>godoc</code> web server now shows which version of Go introduced
+  new API features. The initial Go version of types, funcs, and methods are shown
+  right-aligned. For example, see <a href="/pkg/os/#UserCacheDir"><code>UserCacheDir</code></a>, with "1.11"
+  on the right side. For struct fields, inline comments are added when the struct field was
+  added in a Go version other than when the type itself was introduced.
+  For a struct field example, see
+  <a href="/pkg/net/http/httptrace/#ClientTrace.Got1xxResponse"><code>ClientTrace.Got1xxResponse</code></a>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="gofmt">Gofmt</h3>
+
+<p>
+  One minor detail of the default formatting of Go source code has changed.
+  When formatting expression lists with inline comments, the comments were
+  aligned according to a heuristic.
+  However, in some cases the alignment would be split up too easily, or
+  introduce too much whitespace.
+  The heuristic has been changed to behave better for human-written code.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  Note that these kinds of minor updates to gofmt are expected from time to
+  time.
+  In general, systems that need consistent formatting of Go source code should
+  use a specific version of the <code>gofmt</code> binary.
+  See the <a href="/pkg/go/format/">go/format</a> package documentation for more
+  information.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="run">Run</h3>
+
+<p>
+  <!-- CL 109341 -->
+  The <a href="/cmd/go/"><code>go</code>&nbsp;<code>run</code></a>
+  command now allows a single import path, a directory name or a
+  pattern matching a single package.
+  This allows <code>go</code>&nbsp;<code>run</code>&nbsp;<code>pkg</code> or <code>go</code>&nbsp;<code>run</code>&nbsp;<code>dir</code>, most importantly <code>go</code>&nbsp;<code>run</code>&nbsp;<code>.</code>
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="runtime">Runtime</h2>
+
+<p><!-- CL 85887 -->
+  The runtime now uses a sparse heap layout so there is no longer a
+  limit to the size of the Go heap (previously, the limit was 512GiB).
+  This also fixes rare "address space conflict" failures in mixed Go/C
+  binaries or binaries compiled with <code>-race</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 108679, CL 106156 -->
+  On macOS and iOS, the runtime now uses <code>libSystem.dylib</code> instead of
+  calling the kernel directly. This should make Go binaries more
+  compatible with future versions of macOS and iOS.
+  The <a href="/pkg/syscall">syscall</a> package still makes direct
+  system calls; fixing this is planned for a future release.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="performance">Performance</h2>
+
+<p>
+As always, the changes are so general and varied that precise
+statements about performance are difficult to make.  Most programs
+should run a bit faster, due to better generated code and
+optimizations in the core library.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 74851 -->
+There were multiple performance changes to the <code>math/big</code>
+package as well as many changes across the tree specific to <code>GOARCH=arm64</code>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="performance-compiler">Compiler toolchain</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 110055 -->
+  The compiler now optimizes map clearing operations of the form:
+</p>
+<pre>
+for k := range m {
+	delete(m, k)
+}
+</pre>
+
+<p><!-- CL 109517 -->
+  The compiler now optimizes slice extension of the form
+  <code>append(s,</code>&nbsp;<code>make([]T,</code>&nbsp;<code>n)...)</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 100277, CL 105635, CL 109776 -->
+  The compiler now performs significantly more aggressive bounds-check
+  and branch elimination. Notably, it now recognizes transitive
+  relations, so if <code>i&lt;j</code> and <code>j&lt;len(s)</code>,
+  it can use these facts to eliminate the bounds check
+  for <code>s[i]</code>. It also understands simple arithmetic such
+  as <code>s[i-10]</code> and can recognize more inductive cases in
+  loops. Furthermore, the compiler now uses bounds information to more
+  aggressively optimize shift operations.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="library">Core library</h2>
+
+<p>
+  All of the changes to the standard library are minor.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
+
+<p>
+  As always, there are various minor changes and updates to the library,
+  made with the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>
+  in mind.
+</p>
+
+<!-- CL 115095: https://golang.org/cl/115095: yes (`go test pkg` now always builds pkg even if there are no test files): cmd/go: output coverage report even if there are no test files -->
+<!-- CL 110395: https://golang.org/cl/110395: cmd/go, cmd/compile: use Windows response files to avoid arg length limits -->
+<!-- CL 112436: https://golang.org/cl/112436: cmd/pprof: add readline support similar to upstream -->
+
+
+<dl id="crypto"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/">crypto</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 64451 -->
+      Certain crypto operations, including
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/ecdsa/#Sign"><code>ecdsa.Sign</code></a>,
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/rsa/#EncryptPKCS1v15"><code>rsa.EncryptPKCS1v15</code></a> and
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/rsa/#GenerateKey"><code>rsa.GenerateKey</code></a>,
+      now randomly read an extra byte of randomness to ensure tests don't rely on internal behavior.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- crypto -->
+
+<dl id="crypto/cipher"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/cipher/">crypto/cipher</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 48510, CL 116435 -->
+      The new function <a href="/pkg/crypto/cipher/#NewGCMWithTagSize"><code>NewGCMWithTagSize</code></a>
+      implements Galois Counter Mode with non-standard tag lengths for compatibility with existing cryptosystems.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- crypto/cipher -->
+
+<dl id="crypto/rsa"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/rsa/">crypto/rsa</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 103876 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/rsa/#PublicKey"><code>PublicKey</code></a> now implements a
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/rsa/#PublicKey.Size"><code>Size</code></a> method that
+      returns the modulus size in bytes.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- crypto/rsa -->
+
+<dl id="crypto/tls"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/">crypto/tls</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 85115 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#ConnectionState"><code>ConnectionState</code></a>'s new
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#ConnectionState.ExportKeyingMaterial"><code>ExportKeyingMaterial</code></a>
+      method allows exporting keying material bound to the
+      connection according to RFC 5705.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- crypto/tls -->
+
+<dl id="crypto/x509"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/">crypto/x509</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 123355, CL 123695 -->
+      The deprecated, legacy behavior of treating the <code>CommonName</code> field as
+      a hostname when no Subject Alternative Names are present is now disabled when the CN is not a
+      valid hostname.
+      The <code>CommonName</code> can be completely ignored by adding the experimental value
+      <code>x509ignoreCN=1</code> to the <code>GODEBUG</code> environment variable.
+      When the CN is ignored, certificates without SANs validate under chains with name constraints
+      instead of returning <code>NameConstraintsWithoutSANs</code>.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 113475 -->
+      Extended key usage restrictions are again checked only if they appear in the <code>KeyUsages</code>
+      field of <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#VerifyOptions"><code>VerifyOptions</code></a>, instead of always being checked.
+      This matches the behavior of Go 1.9 and earlier.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 102699 -->
+      The value returned by <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#SystemCertPool"><code>SystemCertPool</code></a>
+      is now cached and might not reflect system changes between invocations.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- crypto/x509 -->
+
+<dl id="debug/elf"><dt><a href="/pkg/debug/elf/">debug/elf</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 112115 -->
+      More <a href="/pkg/debug/elf/#ELFOSABI_NONE"><code>ELFOSABI</code></a>
+      and <a href="/pkg/debug/elf/#EM_NONE"><code>EM</code></a>
+      constants have been added.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- debug/elf -->
+
+<dl id="encoding/asn1"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/">encoding/asn1</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 110561 -->
+      <code>Marshal</code> and <code><a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#Unmarshal">Unmarshal</a></code>
+      now support "private" class annotations for fields.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- encoding/asn1 -->
+
+<dl id="encoding/base32"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/base32/">encoding/base32</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 112516 -->
+      The decoder now consistently
+      returns <code>io.ErrUnexpectedEOF</code> for an incomplete
+      chunk. Previously it would return <code>io.EOF</code> in some
+      cases.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- encoding/base32 -->
+
+<dl id="encoding/csv"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/csv/">encoding/csv</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 99696 -->
+      The <code>Reader</code> now rejects attempts to set
+      the <a href="/pkg/encoding/csv/#Reader.Comma"><code>Comma</code></a>
+      field to a double-quote character, as double-quote characters
+      already have a special meaning in CSV.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- encoding/csv -->
+
+<!-- CL 100235 was reverted -->
+
+<dl id="html/template"><dt><a href="/pkg/html/template/">html/template</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 121815 -->
+      The package has changed its behavior when a typed interface
+      value is passed to an implicit escaper function. Previously such
+      a value was written out as (an escaped form)
+      of <code>&lt;nil&gt;</code>. Now such values are ignored, just
+      as an untyped <code>nil</code> value is (and always has been)
+      ignored.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- html/template -->
+
+<dl id="image/gif"><dt><a href="/pkg/image/gif/">image/gif</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 93076 -->
+      Non-looping animated GIFs are now supported. They are denoted by having a
+      <code><a href="/pkg/image/gif/#GIF.LoopCount">LoopCount</a></code> of -1.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- image/gif -->
+
+<dl id="io/ioutil"><dt><a href="/pkg/io/ioutil/">io/ioutil</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 105675 -->
+      The <code><a href="/pkg/io/ioutil/#TempFile">TempFile</a></code>
+      function now supports specifying where the random characters in
+      the filename are placed. If the <code>prefix</code> argument
+      includes a "<code>*</code>", the random string replaces the
+      "<code>*</code>". For example, a <code>prefix</code> argument of "<code>myname.*.bat</code>" will
+      result in a random filename such as
+      "<code>myname.123456.bat</code>". If no "<code>*</code>" is
+      included the old behavior is retained, and the random digits are
+      appended to the end.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- io/ioutil -->
+
+<dl id="math/big"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/big/">math/big</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 108996 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/math/big/#Int.ModInverse"><code>ModInverse</code></a> now returns nil when g and n are not relatively prime. The result was previously undefined.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- math/big -->
+
+<dl id="mime/multipart"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/">mime/multipart</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 121055 -->
+      The handling of form-data with missing/empty file names has been
+      restored to the behavior in Go 1.9: in the
+      <a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/#Form"><code>Form</code></a> for
+      the form-data part the value is available in
+      the <code>Value</code> field rather than the <code>File</code>
+      field. In Go releases 1.10 through 1.10.3 a form-data part with
+      a missing/empty file name and a non-empty "Content-Type" field
+      was stored in the <code>File</code> field.  This change was a
+      mistake in 1.10 and has been reverted to the 1.9 behavior.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- mime/multipart -->
+
+<dl id="mime/quotedprintable"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/quotedprintable/">mime/quotedprintable</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 121095 -->
+      To support invalid input found in the wild, the package now
+      permits non-ASCII bytes but does not validate their encoding.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- mime/quotedprintable -->
+
+<dl id="net"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/">net</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 72810 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/net/#ListenConfig"><code>ListenConfig</code></a> type and the new
+      <a href="/pkg/net/#Dialer.Control"><code>Dialer.Control</code></a> field permit
+      setting socket options before accepting and creating connections, respectively.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 76391 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/syscall/#RawConn"><code>syscall.RawConn</code></a> <code>Read</code>
+      and <code>Write</code> methods now work correctly on Windows.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 107715 -->
+      The <code>net</code> package now automatically uses the
+      <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/splice.2.html"><code>splice</code> system call</a>
+      on Linux when copying data between TCP connections in
+      <a href="/pkg/net/#TCPConn.ReadFrom"><code>TCPConn.ReadFrom</code></a>, as called by
+      <a href="/pkg/io/#Copy"><code>io.Copy</code></a>. The result is faster, more efficient TCP proxying.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 108297 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/net/#TCPConn.File"><code>TCPConn.File</code></a>,
+      <a href="/pkg/net/#UDPConn.File"><code>UDPConn.File</code></a>,
+      <a href="/pkg/net/#UnixCOnn.File"><code>UnixConn.File</code></a>,
+      and <a href="/pkg/net/#IPConn.File"><code>IPConn.File</code></a>
+      methods no longer put the returned <code>*os.File</code> into
+      blocking mode.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- net -->
+
+<dl id="net/http"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/">net/http</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 71272 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a> type has a
+      new <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport.MaxConnsPerHost"><code>MaxConnsPerHost</code></a>
+      option that permits limiting the maximum number of connections
+      per host.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 79919 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Cookie"><code>Cookie</code></a> type has a new
+      <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Cookie.SameSite"><code>SameSite</code></a> field
+      (of new type also named
+      <a href="/pkg/net/http/#SameSite"><code>SameSite</code></a>) to represent the new cookie attribute recently supported by most browsers.
+      The <code>net/http</code>'s <code>Transport</code> does not use the <code>SameSite</code>
+      attribute itself, but the package supports parsing and serializing the
+      attribute for browsers to use.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 81778 -->
+      It is no longer allowed to reuse a <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Server"><code>Server</code></a>
+      after a call to
+      <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Server.Shutdown"><code>Shutdown</code></a> or
+      <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Server.Close"><code>Close</code></a>. It was never officially supported
+      in the past and had often surprising behavior. Now, all future calls to the server's <code>Serve</code>
+      methods will return errors after a shutdown or close.
+    </p>
+
+    <!-- CL 89275 was reverted before Go 1.11 -->
+
+    <p><!-- CL 93296 -->
+      The constant <code>StatusMisdirectedRequest</code> is now defined for HTTP status code 421.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 123875 -->
+      The HTTP server will no longer cancel contexts or send on
+      <a href="/pkg/net/http/#CloseNotifier"><code>CloseNotifier</code></a>
+      channels upon receiving pipelined HTTP/1.1 requests. Browsers do
+      not use HTTP pipelining, but some clients (such as
+      Debian's <code>apt</code>) may be configured to do so.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 115255 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/net/http/#ProxyFromEnvironment"><code>ProxyFromEnvironment</code></a>, which is used by the
+      <a href="/pkg/net/http/#DefaultTransport"><code>DefaultTransport</code></a>, now
+      supports CIDR notation and ports in the <code>NO_PROXY</code> environment variable.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- net/http -->
+
+<dl id="net/http/httputil"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/">net/http/httputil</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 77410 -->
+      The
+      <a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/#ReverseProxy"><code>ReverseProxy</code></a>
+      has a new
+      <a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/#ReverseProxy.ErrorHandler"><code>ErrorHandler</code></a>
+      option to permit changing how errors are handled.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 115135 -->
+      The <code>ReverseProxy</code> now also passes
+      "<code>TE:</code>&nbsp;<code>trailers</code>" request headers
+      through to the backend, as required by the gRPC protocol.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- net/http/httputil -->
+
+<dl id="os"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/">os</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 78835 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/os/#UserCacheDir"><code>UserCacheDir</code></a> function
+      returns the default root directory to use for user-specific cached data.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 94856 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/os/#ModeIrregular"><code>ModeIrregular</code></a>
+      is a <a href="/pkg/os/#FileMode"><code>FileMode</code></a> bit to represent
+      that a file is not a regular file, but nothing else is known about it, or that
+      it's not a socket, device, named pipe, symlink, or other file type for which
+      Go has a defined mode bit.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 99337 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/os/#Symlink"><code>Symlink</code></a> now works
+      for unprivileged users on Windows 10 on machines with Developer
+      Mode enabled.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 100077 -->
+      When a non-blocking descriptor is passed
+      to <a href="/pkg/os#NewFile"><code>NewFile</code></a>, the
+      resulting <code>*File</code> will be kept in non-blocking
+      mode. This means that I/O for that <code>*File</code> will use
+      the runtime poller rather than a separate thread, and that
+      the <a href="/pkg/os/#File.SetDeadline"><code>SetDeadline</code></a>
+      methods will work.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- os -->
+
+<dl id="os/signal"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/signal/">os/signal</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 108376 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/os/signal/#Ignored"><code>Ignored</code></a> function reports
+      whether a signal is currently ignored.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- os/signal -->
+
+<dl id="os/user"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/user/">os/user</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 92456 -->
+      The <code>os/user</code> package can now be built in pure Go
+      mode using the build tag "<code>osusergo</code>",
+      independent of the use of the environment
+      variable <code>CGO_ENABLED=0</code>. Previously the only way to use
+      the package's pure Go implementation was to disable <code>cgo</code>
+      support across the entire program.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- os/user -->
+
+<!-- CL 101715 was reverted -->
+
+<dl id="pkg-runtime"><dt id="runtime-again"><a href="/pkg/runtime/">runtime</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 70993 -->
+      Setting the <code>GODEBUG=tracebackancestors=<em>N</em></code>
+      environment variable now extends tracebacks with the stacks at
+      which goroutines were created, where <em>N</em> limits the
+      number of ancestor goroutines to report.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- runtime -->
+
+<dl id="runtime/pprof"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof/">runtime/pprof</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 102696 -->
+      This release adds a new "allocs" profile type that profiles
+      total number of bytes allocated since the program began
+      (including garbage-collected bytes). This is identical to the
+      existing "heap" profile viewed in <code>-alloc_space</code> mode.
+      Now <code>go test -memprofile=...</code> reports an "allocs" profile
+      instead of "heap" profile.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- runtime/pprof -->
+
+<dl id="sync"><dt><a href="/pkg/sync/">sync</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 87095 -->
+      The mutex profile now includes reader/writer contention
+      for <a href="/pkg/sync/#RWMutex"><code>RWMutex</code></a>.
+      Writer/writer contention was already included in the mutex
+      profile.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- sync -->
+
+<dl id="syscall"><dt><a href="/pkg/syscall/">syscall</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 106275 -->
+      On Windows, several fields were changed from <code>uintptr</code> to a new
+      <a href="/pkg/syscall/?GOOS=windows&GOARCH=amd64#Pointer"><code>Pointer</code></a>
+      type to avoid problems with Go's garbage collector. The same change was made
+      to the <a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/sys/windows"><code>golang.org/x/sys/windows</code></a>
+      package. For any code affected, users should first migrate away from the <code>syscall</code>
+      package to the <code>golang.org/x/sys/windows</code> package, and then change
+      to using the <code>Pointer</code>, while obeying the
+      <a href="/pkg/unsafe/#Pointer"><code>unsafe.Pointer</code> conversion rules</a>.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 118658 -->
+      On Linux, the <code>flags</code> parameter to
+      <a href="/pkg/syscall/?GOOS=linux&GOARCH=amd64#Faccessat"><code>Faccessat</code></a>
+      is now implemented just as in glibc. In earlier Go releases the
+      flags parameter was ignored.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 118658 -->
+      On Linux, the <code>flags</code> parameter to
+      <a href="/pkg/syscall/?GOOS=linux&GOARCH=amd64#Fchmodat"><code>Fchmodat</code></a>
+      is now validated. Linux's <code>fchmodat</code> doesn't support the <code>flags</code> parameter
+      so we now mimic glibc's behavior and return an error if it's non-zero.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- syscall -->
+
+<dl id="text/scanner"><dt><a href="/pkg/text/scanner/">text/scanner</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 112037 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/text/scanner/#Scanner.Scan"><code>Scanner.Scan</code></a> method now returns
+      the <a href="/pkg/text/scanner/#RawString"><code>RawString</code></a> token
+      instead of <a href="/pkg/text/scanner/#String"><code>String</code></a>
+      for raw string literals.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- text/scanner -->
+
+<dl id="text/template"><dt><a href="/pkg/text/template/">text/template</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 84480 -->
+      Modifying template variables via assignments is now permitted via the <code>=</code> token:
+    </p>
+    <pre>
+  {{"{{"}} $v := "init" {{"}}"}}
+  {{"{{"}} if true {{"}}"}}
+    {{"{{"}} $v = "changed" {{"}}"}}
+  {{"{{"}} end {{"}}"}}
+  v: {{"{{"}} $v {{"}}"}} {{"{{"}}/* "changed" */{{"}}"}}</pre>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 95215 -->
+      In previous versions untyped <code>nil</code> values passed to
+      template functions were ignored. They are now passed as normal
+      arguments.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- text/template -->
+
+<dl id="time"><dt><a href="/pkg/time/">time</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 98157 -->
+	  Parsing of timezones denoted by sign and offset is now
+	  supported. In previous versions, numeric timezone names
+	  (such as <code>+03</code>) were not considered valid, and only
+	  three-letter abbreviations (such as <code>MST</code>) were accepted
+	  when expecting a timezone name.
+    </p>
+</dl><!-- time -->

doc/go1.12.html

@@ -0,0 +1,949 @@
+<!--{
+        "Title": "Go 1.12 Release Notes",
+        "Path":  "/doc/go1.12",
+        "Template": true
+}-->
+
+<!--
+NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
+set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
+<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
+Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
+-->
+
+<style>
+  main ul li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
+</style>
+
+<h2 id="introduction">Introduction to Go 1.12</h2>
+
+<p>
+  The latest Go release, version 1.12, arrives six months after <a href="go1.11">Go 1.11</a>.
+  Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries.
+  As always, the release maintains the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>.
+  We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
+
+<p>
+  There are no changes to the language specification.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
+
+<p><!-- CL 138675 -->
+  The race detector is now supported on <code>linux/arm64</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p id="freebsd">
+  Go 1.12 is the last release that is supported on FreeBSD 10.x, which has
+  already reached end-of-life. Go 1.13 will require FreeBSD 11.2+ or FreeBSD
+  12.0+.
+  FreeBSD 12.0+ requires a kernel with the COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option set (this is the default).
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 146898 -->
+  cgo is now supported on <code>linux/ppc64</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p id="hurd"><!-- CL 146023 -->
+  <code>hurd</code> is now a recognized value for <code>GOOS</code>, reserved
+  for the GNU/Hurd system for use with <code>gccgo</code>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="windows">Windows</h3>
+
+<p>
+  Go's new <code>windows/arm</code> port supports running Go on Windows 10
+  IoT Core on 32-bit ARM chips such as the Raspberry Pi 3.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="aix">AIX</h3>
+
+<p>
+  Go now supports AIX 7.2 and later on POWER8 architectures (<code>aix/ppc64</code>). External linking, cgo, pprof and the race detector aren't yet supported.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="darwin">Darwin</h3>
+
+<p>
+  Go 1.12 is the last release that will run on macOS 10.10 Yosemite.
+  Go 1.13 will require macOS 10.11 El Capitan or later.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 141639 -->
+  <code>libSystem</code> is now used when making syscalls on Darwin,
+  ensuring forward-compatibility with future versions of macOS and iOS.
+  <!-- CL 153338 -->
+  The switch to <code>libSystem</code> triggered additional App Store
+  checks for private API usage. Since it is considered private,
+  <code>syscall.Getdirentries</code> now always fails with
+  <code>ENOSYS</code> on iOS.
+  Additionally, <a href="/pkg/syscall/#Setrlimit"><code>syscall.Setrlimit</code></a>
+  reports <code>invalid</code> <code>argument</code> in places where it historically
+  succeeded. These consequences are not specific to Go and users should expect
+  behavioral parity with <code>libSystem</code>'s implementation going forward.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
+
+<h3 id="vet"><code>go tool vet</code> no longer supported</h3>
+
+<p>
+  The <code>go vet</code> command has been rewritten to serve as the
+  base for a range of different source code analysis tools. See
+  the <a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/go/analysis">golang.org/x/tools/go/analysis</a>
+  package for details. A side-effect is that <code>go tool vet</code>
+  is no longer supported. External tools that use <code>go tool
+  vet</code> must be changed to use <code>go
+  vet</code>. Using <code>go vet</code> instead of <code>go tool
+  vet</code> should work with all supported versions of Go.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  As part of this change, the experimental <code>-shadow</code> option
+  is no longer available with <code>go vet</code>. Checking for
+  variable shadowing may now be done using
+<pre>
+go get -u golang.org/x/tools/go/analysis/passes/shadow/cmd/shadow
+go vet -vettool=$(which shadow)
+</pre>
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="tour">Tour</h3>
+
+<p> <!-- CL 152657 -->
+The Go tour is no longer included in the main binary distribution. To
+run the tour locally, instead of running <code>go</code> <code>tool</code> <code>tour</code>,
+manually install it:
+<pre>
+go get -u golang.org/x/tour
+tour
+</pre>
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="gocache">Build cache requirement</h3>
+
+<p>
+  The <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Build_and_test_caching">build cache</a> is now
+  required as a step toward eliminating
+  <code>$GOPATH/pkg</code>. Setting the environment variable
+  <code>GOCACHE=off</code> will cause <code>go</code> commands that write to the
+  cache to fail.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="binary-only">Binary-only packages</h3>
+
+<p>
+  Go 1.12 is the last release that will support binary-only packages.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="cgo">Cgo</h3>
+
+<p>
+	Go 1.12 will translate the C type <code>EGLDisplay</code> to the Go type <code>uintptr</code>.
+	This change is similar to how Go 1.10 and newer treats Darwin's CoreFoundation
+	and Java's JNI types. See the
+	<a href="/cmd/cgo/#hdr-Special_cases">cgo documentation</a>
+	for more information.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 152657 -->
+  Mangled C names are no longer accepted in packages that use Cgo. Use the Cgo
+  names instead. For example, use the documented cgo name <code>C.char</code>
+  rather than the mangled name <code>_Ctype_char</code> that cgo generates.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="modules">Modules</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 148517 -->
+  When <code>GO111MODULE</code> is set to <code>on</code>, the <code>go</code>
+  command now supports module-aware operations outside of a module directory,
+  provided that those operations do not need to resolve import paths relative to
+  the current directory or explicitly edit the <code>go.mod</code> file.
+  Commands such as <code>go</code> <code>get</code>,
+  <code>go</code> <code>list</code>, and
+  <code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>download</code> behave as if in a
+  module with initially-empty requirements.
+  In this mode, <code>go</code> <code>env</code> <code>GOMOD</code> reports
+  the system's null device (<code>/dev/null</code> or <code>NUL</code>).
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 146382 -->
+  <code>go</code> commands that download and extract modules are now safe to
+  invoke concurrently.
+  The module cache (<code>GOPATH/pkg/mod</code>) must reside in a filesystem that
+  supports file locking.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 147282, 147281 -->
+  The <code>go</code> directive in a <code>go.mod</code> file now indicates the
+  version of the language used by the files within that module.
+  It will be set to the current release
+  (<code>go</code> <code>1.12</code>) if no existing version is
+  present.
+  If the <code>go</code> directive for a module specifies a
+  version <em>newer</em> than the toolchain in use, the <code>go</code> command
+  will attempt to build the packages regardless, and will note the mismatch only if
+  that build fails.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 147282, 147281 -->
+  This changed use of the <code>go</code> directive means that if you
+  use Go 1.12 to build a module, thus recording <code>go 1.12</code>
+  in the <code>go.mod</code> file, you will get an error when
+  attempting to build the same module with Go 1.11 through Go 1.11.3.
+  Go 1.11.4 or later will work fine, as will releases older than Go 1.11.
+  If you must use Go 1.11 through 1.11.3, you can avoid the problem by
+  setting the language version to 1.11, using the Go 1.12 go tool,
+  via <code>go mod edit -go=1.11</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 152739 -->
+  When an import cannot be resolved using the active modules,
+  the <code>go</code> command will now try to use the modules mentioned in the
+  main module's <code>replace</code> directives before consulting the module
+  cache and the usual network sources.
+  If a matching replacement is found but the <code>replace</code> directive does
+  not specify a version, the <code>go</code> command uses a pseudo-version
+  derived from the zero <code>time.Time</code> (such
+  as <code>v0.0.0-00010101000000-000000000000</code>).
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="compiler">Compiler toolchain</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 134155, 134156 -->
+  The compiler's live variable analysis has improved. This may mean that
+  finalizers will be executed sooner in this release than in previous
+  releases. If that is a problem, consider the appropriate addition of a
+  <a href="/pkg/runtime/#KeepAlive"><code>runtime.KeepAlive</code></a> call.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 147361 -->
+  More functions are now eligible for inlining by default, including
+  functions that do nothing but call another function.
+  This extra inlining makes it additionally important to use
+  <a href="/pkg/runtime/#CallersFrames"><code>runtime.CallersFrames</code></a>
+  instead of iterating over the result of
+  <a href="/pkg/runtime/#Callers"><code>runtime.Callers</code></a> directly.
+<pre>
+// Old code which no longer works correctly (it will miss inlined call frames).
+var pcs [10]uintptr
+n := runtime.Callers(1, pcs[:])
+for _, pc := range pcs[:n] {
+	f := runtime.FuncForPC(pc)
+	if f != nil {
+		fmt.Println(f.Name())
+	}
+}
+</pre>
+<pre>
+// New code which will work correctly.
+var pcs [10]uintptr
+n := runtime.Callers(1, pcs[:])
+frames := runtime.CallersFrames(pcs[:n])
+for {
+	frame, more := frames.Next()
+	fmt.Println(frame.Function)
+	if !more {
+		break
+	}
+}
+</pre>
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 153477 -->
+  Wrappers generated by the compiler to implement method expressions
+  are no longer reported
+  by <a href="/pkg/runtime/#CallersFrames"><code>runtime.CallersFrames</code></a>
+  and <a href="/pkg/runtime/#Stack"><code>runtime.Stack</code></a>. They
+  are also not printed in panic stack traces.
+
+  This change aligns the <code>gc</code> toolchain to match
+  the <code>gccgo</code> toolchain, which already elided such wrappers
+  from stack traces.
+
+  Clients of these APIs might need to adjust for the missing
+  frames. For code that must interoperate between 1.11 and 1.12
+  releases, you can replace the method expression <code>x.M</code>
+  with the function literal <code>func (...) { x.M(...) } </code>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 144340 -->
+  The compiler now accepts a <code>-lang</code> flag to set the Go language
+  version to use. For example, <code>-lang=go1.8</code> causes the compiler to
+  emit an error if the program uses type aliases, which were added in Go 1.9.
+  Language changes made before Go 1.12 are not consistently enforced.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 147160 -->
+  The compiler toolchain now uses different conventions to call Go
+  functions and assembly functions. This should be invisible to users,
+  except for calls that simultaneously cross between Go and
+  assembly <em>and</em> cross a package boundary. If linking results
+  in an error like "relocation target not defined for ABIInternal (but
+  is defined for ABI0)", please refer to the
+  <a href="https://github.com/golang/proposal/blob/master/design/27539-internal-abi.md#compatibility">compatibility section</a>
+  of the ABI design document.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 145179 -->
+  There have been many improvements to the DWARF debug information
+  produced by the compiler, including improvements to argument
+  printing and variable location information.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 61511 -->
+  Go programs now also maintain stack frame pointers on <code>linux/arm64</code>
+  for the benefit of profiling tools like <code>perf</code>. The frame pointer
+  maintenance has a small run-time overhead that varies but averages around 3%.
+  To build a toolchain that does not use frame pointers, set
+  <code>GOEXPERIMENT=noframepointer</code> when running <code>make.bash</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 142717 -->
+  The obsolete "safe" compiler mode (enabled by the <code>-u</code> gcflag) has been removed.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="godoc"><code>godoc</code> and <code>go</code> <code>doc</code></h3>
+
+<p>
+  In Go 1.12, <code>godoc</code> no longer has a command-line interface and
+  is only a web server. Users should use <code>go</code> <code>doc</code>
+  for command-line help output instead. Go 1.12 is the last release that will
+  include the <code>godoc</code> webserver; in Go 1.13 it will be available
+  via <code>go</code> <code>get</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 141977 -->
+  <code>go</code> <code>doc</code> now supports the <code>-all</code> flag,
+  which will cause it to print all exported APIs and their documentation,
+  as the <code>godoc</code> command line used to do.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 140959 -->
+  <code>go</code> <code>doc</code> also now includes the <code>-src</code> flag,
+  which will show the target's source code.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="trace">Trace</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 60790 -->
+  The trace tool now supports plotting mutator utilization curves,
+  including cross-references to the execution trace. These are useful
+  for analyzing the impact of the garbage collector on application
+  latency and throughput.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="assembler">Assembler</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 147218 -->
+  On <code>arm64</code>, the platform register was renamed from
+  <code>R18</code> to <code>R18_PLATFORM</code> to prevent accidental
+  use, as the OS could choose to reserve this register.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="runtime">Runtime</h2>
+
+<p><!-- CL 138959 -->
+  Go 1.12 significantly improves the performance of sweeping when a
+  large fraction of the heap remains live. This reduces allocation
+  latency immediately following a garbage collection.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 139719 -->
+  The Go runtime now releases memory back to the operating system more
+  aggressively, particularly in response to large allocations that
+  can't reuse existing heap space.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 146342, CL 146340, CL 146345, CL 146339, CL 146343, CL 146337, CL 146341, CL 146338 -->
+  The Go runtime's timer and deadline code is faster and scales better
+  with higher numbers of CPUs. In particular, this improves the
+  performance of manipulating network connection deadlines.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 135395 -->
+  On Linux, the runtime now uses <code>MADV_FREE</code> to release unused
+  memory. This is more efficient but may result in higher reported
+  RSS. The kernel will reclaim the unused data when it is needed.
+  To revert to the Go 1.11 behavior (<code>MADV_DONTNEED</code>), set the
+  environment variable <code>GODEBUG=madvdontneed=1</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 149578 -->
+  Adding cpu.<em>extension</em>=off to the
+  <a href="/doc/diagnostics.html#godebug">GODEBUG</a> environment
+  variable now disables the use of optional CPU instruction
+  set extensions in the standard library and runtime. This is not
+  yet supported on Windows.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 158337 -->
+  Go 1.12 improves the accuracy of memory profiles by fixing
+  overcounting of large heap allocations.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 159717 -->
+  Tracebacks, <code>runtime.Caller</code>,
+  and <code>runtime.Callers</code> no longer include
+  compiler-generated initialization functions.  Doing a traceback
+  during the initialization of a global variable will now show a
+  function named <code>PKG.init.ializers</code>.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="library">Core library</h2>
+
+<h3 id="tls_1_3">TLS 1.3</h3>
+
+<p>
+  Go 1.12 adds opt-in support for TLS 1.3 in the <code>crypto/tls</code> package as
+  specified by <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446">RFC 8446</a>. It can
+  be enabled by adding the value <code>tls13=1</code> to the <code>GODEBUG</code>
+  environment variable. It will be enabled by default in Go 1.13.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  To negotiate TLS 1.3, make sure you do not set an explicit <code>MaxVersion</code> in
+  <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config"><code>Config</code></a> and run your program with
+  the environment variable <code>GODEBUG=tls13=1</code> set.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  All TLS 1.2 features except <code>TLSUnique</code> in
+  <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#ConnectionState"><code>ConnectionState</code></a>
+  and renegotiation are available in TLS 1.3 and provide equivalent or
+  better security and performance. Note that even though TLS 1.3 is backwards
+  compatible with previous versions, certain legacy systems might not work
+  correctly when attempting to negotiate it. RSA certificate keys too small
+  to be secure (including 512-bit keys) will not work with TLS 1.3.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  TLS 1.3 cipher suites are not configurable. All supported cipher suites are
+  safe, and if <code>PreferServerCipherSuites</code> is set in
+  <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config"><code>Config</code></a> the preference order
+  is based on the available hardware.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  Early data (also called "0-RTT mode") is not currently supported as a
+  client or server. Additionally, a Go 1.12 server does not support skipping
+  unexpected early data if a client sends it. Since TLS 1.3 0-RTT mode
+  involves clients keeping state regarding which servers support 0-RTT,
+  a Go 1.12 server cannot be part of a load-balancing pool where some other
+  servers do support 0-RTT. If switching a domain from a server that supported
+  0-RTT to a Go 1.12 server, 0-RTT would have to be disabled for at least the
+  lifetime of the issued session tickets before the switch to ensure
+  uninterrupted operation.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  In TLS 1.3 the client is the last one to speak in the handshake, so if it causes
+  an error to occur on the server, it will be returned on the client by the first
+  <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Conn.Read"><code>Read</code></a>, not by
+  <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Conn.Handshake"><code>Handshake</code></a>. For
+  example, that will be the case if the server rejects the client certificate.
+  Similarly, session tickets are now post-handshake messages, so are only
+  received by the client upon its first
+  <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Conn.Read"><code>Read</code></a>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
+
+<p>
+  As always, there are various minor changes and updates to the library,
+  made with the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>
+  in mind.
+</p>
+
+<!-- TODO: CL 115677: https://golang.org/cl/115677: cmd/vet: check embedded field tags too -->
+
+<dl id="bufio"><dt><a href="/pkg/bufio/">bufio</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 149297 -->
+      <code>Reader</code>'s <a href="/pkg/bufio/#Reader.UnreadRune"><code>UnreadRune</code></a> and
+      <a href="/pkg/bufio/#Reader.UnreadByte"><code>UnreadByte</code></a> methods will now return an error
+      if they are called after <a href="/pkg/bufio/#Reader.Peek"><code>Peek</code></a>.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- bufio -->
+
+<dl id="bytes"><dt><a href="/pkg/bytes/">bytes</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 137855 -->
+      The new function <a href="/pkg/bytes/#ReplaceAll"><code>ReplaceAll</code></a> returns a copy of
+      a byte slice with all non-overlapping instances of a value replaced by another.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 145098 -->
+      A pointer to a zero-value <a href="/pkg/bytes/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a> is now
+      functionally equivalent to <a href="/pkg/bytes/#NewReader"><code>NewReader</code></a><code>(nil)</code>.
+      Prior to Go 1.12, the former could not be used as a substitute for the latter in all cases.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- bytes -->
+
+<dl id="crypto/rand"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/rand/">crypto/rand</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 139419 -->
+      A warning will now be printed to standard error the first time
+      <code>Reader.Read</code> is blocked for more than 60 seconds waiting
+      to read entropy from the kernel.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 120055 -->
+      On FreeBSD, <code>Reader</code> now uses the <code>getrandom</code>
+      system call if available, <code>/dev/urandom</code> otherwise.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- crypto/rand -->
+
+<dl id="crypto/rc4"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/rc4/">crypto/rc4</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 130397 -->
+      This release removes the assembly implementations, leaving only
+      the pure Go version. The Go compiler generates code that is
+      either slightly better or slightly worse, depending on the exact
+      CPU. RC4 is insecure and should only be used for compatibility
+      with legacy systems.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- crypto/rc4 -->
+
+<dl id="crypto/tls"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/">crypto/tls</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 143177 -->
+      If a client sends an initial message that does not look like TLS, the server
+      will no longer reply with an alert, and it will expose the underlying
+      <code>net.Conn</code> in the new field <code>Conn</code> of
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#RecordHeaderError"><code>RecordHeaderError</code></a>.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- crypto/tls -->
+
+<dl id="database/sql"><dt><a href="/pkg/database/sql/">database/sql</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 145738 -->
+      A query cursor can now be obtained by passing a
+      <a href="/pkg/database/sql/#Rows"><code>*Rows</code></a>
+      value to the <a href="/pkg/database/sql/#Row.Scan"><code>Row.Scan</code></a> method.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- database/sql -->
+
+<dl id="expvar"><dt><a href="/pkg/expvar/">expvar</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 139537 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/expvar/#Map.Delete"><code>Delete</code></a> method allows
+      for deletion of key/value pairs from a <a href="/pkg/expvar/#Map"><code>Map</code></a>.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- expvar -->
+
+<dl id="fmt"><dt><a href="/pkg/fmt/">fmt</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 142737 -->
+      Maps are now printed in key-sorted order to ease testing. The ordering rules are:
+      <ul>
+        <li>When applicable, nil compares low
+        <li>ints, floats, and strings order by <
+        <li>NaN compares less than non-NaN floats
+        <li>bool compares false before true
+        <li>Complex compares real, then imaginary
+        <li>Pointers compare by machine address
+        <li>Channel values compare by machine address
+        <li>Structs compare each field in turn
+        <li>Arrays compare each element in turn
+        <li>Interface values compare first by <code>reflect.Type</code> describing the concrete type
+            and then by concrete value as described in the previous rules.
+      </ul>
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 129777 -->
+      When printing maps, non-reflexive key values like <code>NaN</code> were previously
+      displayed as <code>&lt;nil&gt;</code>. As of this release, the correct values are printed.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- fmt -->
+
+<dl id="go/doc"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/doc/">go/doc</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 140958 -->
+      To address some outstanding issues in <a href="/cmd/doc/"><code>cmd/doc</code></a>,
+      this package has a new <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Mode"><code>Mode</code></a> bit,
+      <code>PreserveAST</code>, which controls whether AST data is cleared.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- go/doc -->
+
+<dl id="go/token"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/token/">go/token</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 134075 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/go/token#File"><code>File</code></a> type has a new
+      <a href="/pkg/go/token#File.LineStart"><code>LineStart</code></a> field,
+      which returns the position of the start of a given line. This is especially useful
+      in programs that occasionally handle non-Go files, such as assembly, but wish to use
+      the <code>token.Pos</code> mechanism to identify file positions.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- go/token -->
+
+<dl id="image"><dt><a href="/pkg/image/">image</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 118755 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/image/#RegisterFormat"><code>RegisterFormat</code></a> function is now safe for concurrent use.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- image -->
+
+<dl id="image/png"><dt><a href="/pkg/image/png/">image/png</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 134235 -->
+      Paletted images with fewer than 16 colors now encode to smaller outputs.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- image/png -->
+
+<dl id="io"><dt><a href="/pkg/io/">io</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 139457 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/io#StringWriter"><code>StringWriter</code></a> interface wraps the
+      <a href="/pkg/io/#WriteString"><code>WriteString</code></a> function.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- io -->
+
+<dl id="math"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/">math</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 153059 -->
+      The functions
+      <a href="/pkg/math/#Sin"><code>Sin</code></a>,
+      <a href="/pkg/math/#Cos"><code>Cos</code></a>,
+      <a href="/pkg/math/#Tan"><code>Tan</code></a>,
+      and <a href="/pkg/math/#Sincos"><code>Sincos</code></a> now
+      apply Payne-Hanek range reduction to huge arguments. This
+      produces more accurate answers, but they will not be bit-for-bit
+      identical with the results in earlier releases.
+    </p>
+</dl><!-- math -->
+
+<dl id="math/bits"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/bits/">math/bits</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 123157 -->
+    New extended precision operations <a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Add"><code>Add</code></a>, <a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Sub"><code>Sub</code></a>, <a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Mul"><code>Mul</code></a>, and <a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Div"><code>Div</code></a> are available in <code>uint</code>, <code>uint32</code>, and <code>uint64</code> versions.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- math/bits -->
+
+<dl id="net"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/">net</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 146659 -->
+      The
+      <a href="/pkg/net/#Dialer.DualStack"><code>Dialer.DualStack</code></a> setting is now ignored and deprecated;
+      RFC 6555 Fast Fallback ("Happy Eyeballs") is now enabled by default. To disable, set
+      <a href="/pkg/net/#Dialer.FallbackDelay"><code>Dialer.FallbackDelay</code></a> to a negative value.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 107196 -->
+      Similarly, TCP keep-alives are now enabled by default if
+      <a href="/pkg/net/#Dialer.KeepAlive"><code>Dialer.KeepAlive</code></a> is zero.
+      To disable, set it to a negative value.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 113997 -->
+      On Linux, the <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/splice.2.html"><code>splice</code> system call</a> is now used when copying from a
+      <a href="/pkg/net/#UnixConn"><code>UnixConn</code></a> to a
+      <a href="/pkg/net/#TCPConn"><code>TCPConn</code></a>.
+    </p>
+</dl><!-- net -->
+
+<dl id="net/http"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/">net/http</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 143177 -->
+      The HTTP server now rejects misdirected HTTP requests to HTTPS servers with a plaintext "400 Bad Request" response.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 130115 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Client.CloseIdleConnections"><code>Client.CloseIdleConnections</code></a>
+      method calls the <code>Client</code>'s underlying <code>Transport</code>'s <code>CloseIdleConnections</code>
+      if it has one.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 145398 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a> no longer rejects HTTP responses which declare
+      HTTP Trailers but don't use chunked encoding. Instead, the declared trailers are now just ignored.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 152080 --> <!-- CL 151857 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a> no longer handles <code>MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS</code> values
+      advertised from HTTP/2 servers as strictly as it did during Go 1.10 and Go 1.11. The default behavior is now back
+      to how it was in Go 1.9: each connection to a server can have up to <code>MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS</code> requests
+      active and then new TCP connections are created as needed. In Go 1.10 and Go 1.11 the <code>http2</code> package
+      would block and wait for requests to finish instead of creating new connections.
+      To get the stricter behavior back, import the
+      <a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/net/http2"><code>golang.org/x/net/http2</code></a> package
+      directly and set
+      <a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/net/http2#Transport.StrictMaxConcurrentStreams"><code>Transport.StrictMaxConcurrentStreams</code></a> to
+      <code>true</code>.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- net/http -->
+
+<dl id="net/url"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/url/">net/url</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 159157, CL 160178 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/net/url/#Parse"><code>Parse</code></a>,
+      <a href="/pkg/net/url/#ParseRequestURI"><code>ParseRequestURI</code></a>,
+      and
+      <a href="/pkg/net/url/#URL.Parse"><code>URL.Parse</code></a>
+      now return an
+      error for URLs containing ASCII control characters, which includes NULL,
+      tab, and newlines.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- net/url -->
+
+<dl id="net/http/httputil"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/">net/http/httputil</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 146437 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/net/http/httputil/#ReverseProxy"><code>ReverseProxy</code></a> now automatically
+      proxies WebSocket requests.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- net/http/httputil -->
+
+<dl id="os"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/">os</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 125443 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/os/#ProcessState.ExitCode"><code>ProcessState.ExitCode</code></a> method
+      returns the process's exit code.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 135075 -->
+      <code>ModeCharDevice</code> has been added to the <code>ModeType</code> bitmask, allowing for
+      <code>ModeDevice | ModeCharDevice</code> to be recovered when masking a
+      <a href="/pkg/os/#FileMode"><code>FileMode</code></a> with <code>ModeType</code>.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 139418 -->
+      The new function <a href="/pkg/os/#UserHomeDir"><code>UserHomeDir</code></a> returns the
+      current user's home directory.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 146020 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/os/#RemoveAll"><code>RemoveAll</code></a> now supports paths longer than 4096 characters
+      on most Unix systems.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 130676 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/os/#File.Sync"><code>File.Sync</code></a> now uses <code>F_FULLFSYNC</code> on macOS
+      to correctly flush the file contents to permanent storage.
+      This may cause the method to run more slowly than in previous releases.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!--CL 155517 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/os/#File"><code>File</code></a> now supports
+      a <a href="/pkg/os/#File.SyscallConn"><code>SyscallConn</code></a>
+      method returning
+      a <a href="/pkg/syscall/#RawConn"><code>syscall.RawConn</code></a>
+      interface value. This may be used to invoke system-specific
+      operations on the underlying file descriptor.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- os -->
+
+<dl id="path/filepath"><dt><a href="/pkg/path/filepath/">path/filepath</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 145220 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/path/filepath/#IsAbs"><code>IsAbs</code></a> function now returns true when passed
+      a reserved filename on Windows such as <code>NUL</code>.
+      <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/fileio/naming-a-file#naming-conventions">List of reserved names.</a>
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- path/filepath -->
+
+<dl id="reflect"><dt><a href="/pkg/reflect/">reflect</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 33572 -->
+      A new <a href="/pkg/reflect#MapIter"><code>MapIter</code></a> type is
+      an iterator for ranging over a map. This type is exposed through the
+      <a href="/pkg/reflect#Value"><code>Value</code></a> type's new
+      <a href="/pkg/reflect#Value.MapRange"><code>MapRange</code></a> method.
+      This follows the same iteration semantics as a range statement, with <code>Next</code>
+      to advance the iterator, and <code>Key</code>/<code>Value</code> to access each entry.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- reflect -->
+
+<dl id="regexp"><dt><a href="/pkg/regexp/">regexp</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 139784 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/regexp/#Regexp.Copy"><code>Copy</code></a> is no longer necessary
+      to avoid lock contention, so it has been given a partial deprecation comment.
+      <a href="/pkg/regexp/#Regexp.Copy"><code>Copy</code></a>
+      may still be appropriate if the reason for its use is to make two copies with
+      different <a href="/pkg/regexp/#Regexp.Longest"><code>Longest</code></a> settings.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- regexp -->
+
+<dl id="runtime/debug"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/">runtime/debug</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 144220 -->
+      A new <a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#BuildInfo"><code>BuildInfo</code></a> type
+      exposes the build information read from the running binary, available only in
+      binaries built with module support. This includes the main package path, main
+      module information, and the module dependencies. This type is given through the
+      <a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#ReadBuildInfo"><code>ReadBuildInfo</code></a> function
+      on <a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#BuildInfo"><code>BuildInfo</code></a>.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- runtime/debug -->
+
+<dl id="strings"><dt><a href="/pkg/strings/">strings</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 137855 -->
+      The new function <a href="/pkg/strings/#ReplaceAll"><code>ReplaceAll</code></a> returns a copy of
+      a string with all non-overlapping instances of a value replaced by another.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 145098 -->
+      A pointer to a zero-value <a href="/pkg/strings/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a> is now
+      functionally equivalent to <a href="/pkg/strings/#NewReader"><code>NewReader</code></a><code>(nil)</code>.
+      Prior to Go 1.12, the former could not be used as a substitute for the latter in all cases.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 122835 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/strings/#Builder.Cap"><code>Builder.Cap</code></a> method returns the capacity of the builder's underlying byte slice.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 131495 -->
+      The character mapping functions <a href="/pkg/strings/#Map"><code>Map</code></a>,
+      <a href="/pkg/strings/#Title"><code>Title</code></a>,
+      <a href="/pkg/strings/#ToLower"><code>ToLower</code></a>,
+      <a href="/pkg/strings/#ToLowerSpecial"><code>ToLowerSpecial</code></a>,
+      <a href="/pkg/strings/#ToTitle"><code>ToTitle</code></a>,
+      <a href="/pkg/strings/#ToTitleSpecial"><code>ToTitleSpecial</code></a>,
+      <a href="/pkg/strings/#ToUpper"><code>ToUpper</code></a>, and
+      <a href="/pkg/strings/#ToUpperSpecial"><code>ToUpperSpecial</code></a>
+      now always guarantee to return valid UTF-8. In earlier releases, if the input was invalid UTF-8 but no character replacements
+      needed to be applied, these routines incorrectly returned the invalid UTF-8 unmodified.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- strings -->
+
+<dl id="syscall"><dt><a href="/pkg/syscall/">syscall</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 138595 -->
+      64-bit inodes are now supported on FreeBSD 12. Some types have been adjusted accordingly.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 125456 -->
+      The Unix socket
+      (<a href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/2017/12/19/af_unix-comes-to-windows/"><code>AF_UNIX</code></a>)
+      address family is now supported for compatible versions of Windows.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 147117 -->
+      The new function  <a href="/pkg/syscall/?GOOS=windows&GOARCH=amd64#Syscall18"><code>Syscall18</code></a>
+      has been introduced for Windows, allowing for calls with up to 18 arguments.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- syscall -->
+
+<dl id="syscall/js"><dt><a href="/pkg/syscall/js/">syscall/js</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 153559 -->
+    <p>
+      The <code>Callback</code> type and <code>NewCallback</code> function have been renamed;
+      they are now called
+      <a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#Func"><code>Func</code></a> and
+      <a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#FuncOf"><code>FuncOf</code></a>, respectively.
+      This is a breaking change, but WebAssembly support is still experimental
+      and not yet subject to the
+      <a href="/doc/go1compat">Go 1 compatibility promise</a>. Any code using the
+      old names will need to be updated.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 141644 -->
+      If a type implements the new
+      <a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#Wrapper"><code>Wrapper</code></a>
+      interface,
+      <a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#ValueOf"><code>ValueOf</code></a>
+      will use it to return the JavaScript value for that type.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 143137 -->
+      The meaning of the zero
+      <a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#Value"><code>Value</code></a>
+      has changed. It now represents the JavaScript <code>undefined</code> value
+      instead of the number zero.
+      This is a breaking change, but WebAssembly support is still experimental
+      and not yet subject to the
+      <a href="/doc/go1compat">Go 1 compatibility promise</a>. Any code relying on
+      the zero <a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#Value"><code>Value</code></a>
+      to mean the number zero will need to be updated.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 144384 -->
+      The new
+      <a href="/pkg/syscall/js/?GOOS=js&GOARCH=wasm#Value.Truthy"><code>Value.Truthy</code></a>
+      method reports the
+      <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Truthy">JavaScript "truthiness"</a>
+      of a given value.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- syscall/js -->
+
+<dl id="testing"><dt><a href="/pkg/testing/">testing</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 139258 -->
+    The <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Testing_flags"><code>-benchtime</code></a> flag now supports setting an explicit iteration count instead of a time when the value ends with an "<code>x</code>". For example, <code>-benchtime=100x</code> runs the benchmark 100 times.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- testing -->
+
+<dl id="text/template"><dt><a href="/pkg/text/template/">text/template</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 142217 -->
+      When executing a template, long context values are no longer truncated in errors.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <code>executing "tmpl" at <.very.deep.context.v...>: map has no entry for key "notpresent"</code>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      is now
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <code>executing "tmpl" at <.very.deep.context.value.notpresent>: map has no entry for key "notpresent"</code>
+    </p>
+
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 143097 -->
+      If a user-defined function called by a template panics, the
+      panic is now caught and returned as an error by
+      the <code>Execute</code> or <code>ExecuteTemplate</code> method.
+    </p>
+</dl><!-- text/template -->
+
+<dl id="time"><dt><a href="/pkg/time/">time</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 151299 -->
+      The time zone database in <code>$GOROOT/lib/time/zoneinfo.zip</code>
+      has been updated to version 2018i. Note that this ZIP file is
+      only used if a time zone database is not provided by the operating
+      system.
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- time -->
+
+<dl id="unsafe"><dt><a href="/pkg/unsafe/">unsafe</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 146058 -->
+      It is invalid to convert a nil <code>unsafe.Pointer</code> to <code>uintptr</code> and back with arithmetic.
+      (This was already invalid, but will now cause the compiler to misbehave.)
+    </p>
+
+</dl><!-- unsafe -->

doc/go1.14.html

@@ -0,0 +1,924 @@
+<!--{
+        "Title": "Go 1.14 Release Notes",
+        "Path":  "/doc/go1.14"
+}-->
+
+<!--
+NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
+set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
+<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
+Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
+-->
+
+<style>
+  main ul li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
+</style>
+
+<h2 id="introduction">Introduction to Go 1.14</h2>
+
+<p>
+  The latest Go release, version 1.14, arrives six months after <a href="go1.13">Go 1.13</a>.
+  Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries.
+  As always, the release maintains the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat.html">promise of compatibility</a>.
+  We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  Module support in the <code>go</code> command is now ready for production use,
+  and we encourage all users to <a href="https://blog.golang.org/migrating-to-go-modules">migrate to Go
+  modules for dependency management</a>. If you are unable to migrate due to a problem in the Go
+  toolchain, please ensure that the problem has an
+  <a href="https://golang.org/issue?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Amodules">open issue</a>
+  filed. (If the issue is not on the <code>Go1.15</code> milestone, please let us
+  know why it prevents you from migrating so that we can prioritize it
+  appropriately.)
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
+
+<p>
+  Per the <a href="https://github.com/golang/proposal/blob/master/design/6977-overlapping-interfaces.md">overlapping interfaces proposal</a>,
+  Go 1.14 now permits embedding of interfaces with overlapping method sets:
+  methods from an embedded interface may have the same names and identical signatures
+  as methods already present in the (embedding) interface. This solves problems that typically
+  (but not exclusively) occur with diamond-shaped embedding graphs.
+  Explicitly declared methods in an interface must remain
+  <a href="https://tip.golang.org/ref/spec#Uniqueness_of_identifiers">unique</a>, as before.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
+
+<h3 id="darwin">Darwin</h3>
+
+<p>
+  Go 1.14 is the last release that will run on macOS 10.11 El Capitan.
+  Go 1.15 will require macOS 10.12 Sierra or later.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- golang.org/issue/34749 -->
+  Go 1.14 is the last Go release to support 32-bit binaries on
+  macOS (the <code>darwin/386</code> port). They are no longer
+  supported by macOS, starting with macOS 10.15 (Catalina).
+  Go continues to support the 64-bit <code>darwin/amd64</code> port.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- golang.org/issue/34751 -->
+  Go 1.14 will likely be the last Go release to support 32-bit
+  binaries on iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS
+  (the <code>darwin/arm</code> port). Go continues to support the
+  64-bit <code>darwin/arm64</code> port.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="windows">Windows</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 203601 -->
+  Go binaries on Windows now
+  have <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/memory/data-execution-prevention">DEP
+  (Data Execution Prevention)</a> enabled.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 202439 -->
+  On Windows, creating a file
+  via <a href="/pkg/os#CreateFile"><code>os.OpenFile</code></a> with
+  the <a href="/pkg/os/#O_CREATE"><code>os.O_CREATE</code></a> flag, or
+  via <a href="/pkg/syscall#Open"><code>syscall.Open</code></a> with
+  the <a href="/pkg/syscall#O_CREAT"><code>syscall.O_CREAT</code></a>
+  flag, will now create the file as read-only if the
+  bit <code>0o200</code> (owner write permission) is not set in the
+  permission argument. This makes the behavior on Windows more like
+  that on Unix systems.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="wasm">WebAssembly</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 203600 -->
+  JavaScript values referenced from Go via <code>js.Value</code>
+  objects can now be garbage collected.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 203600 -->
+  <code>js.Value</code> values can no longer be compared using
+  the <code>==</code> operator, and instead must be compared using
+  their <code>Equal</code> method.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 203600 -->
+  <code>js.Value</code> now
+  has <code>IsUndefined</code>, <code>IsNull</code>,
+  and <code>IsNaN</code> methods.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="riscv">RISC-V</h3>
+
+<p><!-- Issue 27532 -->
+  Go 1.14 contains experimental support for 64-bit RISC-V on Linux
+  (<code>GOOS=linux</code>, <code>GOARCH=riscv64</code>). Be aware
+  that performance, assembly syntax stability, and possibly
+  correctness are a work in progress.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="freebsd">FreeBSD</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 199919 -->
+  Go now supports the 64-bit ARM architecture on FreeBSD 12.0 or later (the
+  <code>freebsd/arm64</code> port).
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="nacl">Native Client (NaCl)</h3>
+
+<p><!-- golang.org/issue/30439 -->
+  As <a href="go1.13#ports">announced</a> in the Go 1.13 release notes,
+  Go 1.14 drops support for the Native Client platform (<code>GOOS=nacl</code>).
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="illumos">Illumos</h3>
+
+<p><!-- CL 203758 -->
+  The runtime now respects zone CPU caps
+  (the <code>zone.cpu-cap</code> resource control)
+  for <code>runtime.NumCPU</code> and the default value
+  of <code>GOMAXPROCS</code>.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
+
+<h3 id="go-command">Go command</h3>
+
+<h4 id="vendor">Vendoring</h4>
+<!-- golang.org/issue/33848 -->
+
+<p>
+  When the main module contains a top-level <code>vendor</code> directory and
+  its <code>go.mod</code> file specifies <code>go</code> <code>1.14</code> or
+  higher, the <code>go</code> command now defaults to <code>-mod=vendor</code>
+  for operations that accept that flag. A new value for that flag,
+  <code>-mod=mod</code>, causes the <code>go</code> command to instead load
+  modules from the module cache (as when no <code>vendor</code> directory is
+  present).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  When <code>-mod=vendor</code> is set (explicitly or by default), the
+  <code>go</code> command now verifies that the main module's
+  <code>vendor/modules.txt</code> file is consistent with its
+  <code>go.mod</code> file.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  <code>go</code> <code>list</code> <code>-m</code> no longer silently omits
+  transitive dependencies that do not provide packages in
+  the <code>vendor</code> directory. It now fails explicitly if
+  <code>-mod=vendor</code> is set and information is requested for a module not
+  mentioned in <code>vendor/modules.txt</code>.
+</p>
+
+<h4 id="go-flags">Flags</h4>
+
+<p><!-- golang.org/issue/32502, golang.org/issue/30345 -->
+  The <code>go</code> <code>get</code> command no longer accepts
+  the <code>-mod</code> flag. Previously, the flag's setting either
+  <a href="https://golang.org/issue/30345">was ignored</a> or
+  <a href="https://golang.org/issue/32502">caused the build to fail</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- golang.org/issue/33326 -->
+  <code>-mod=readonly</code> is now set by default when the <code>go.mod</code>
+  file is read-only and no top-level <code>vendor</code> directory is present.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- golang.org/issue/31481 -->
+  <code>-modcacherw</code> is a new flag that instructs the <code>go</code>
+  command to leave newly-created directories in the module cache at their
+  default permissions rather than making them read-only.
+  The use of this flag makes it more likely that tests or other tools will
+  accidentally add files not included in the module's verified checksum.
+  However, it allows the use of <code>rm</code> <code>-rf</code>
+  (instead of <code>go</code> <code>clean</code> <code>-modcache</code>)
+  to remove the module cache.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- golang.org/issue/34506 -->
+  <code>-modfile=file</code> is a new flag that instructs the <code>go</code>
+  command to read (and possibly write) an alternate <code>go.mod</code> file
+  instead of the one in the module root directory. A file
+  named <code>go.mod</code> must still be present in order to determine the
+  module root directory, but it is not accessed. When <code>-modfile</code> is
+  specified, an alternate <code>go.sum</code> file is also used: its path is
+  derived from the <code>-modfile</code> flag by trimming the <code>.mod</code>
+  extension and appending <code>.sum</code>.
+</p>
+
+<h4 id="go-env-vars">Environment variables</h4>
+
+<p><!-- golang.org/issue/32966 -->
+  <code>GOINSECURE</code> is a new environment variable that instructs
+  the <code>go</code> command to not require an HTTPS connection, and to skip
+  certificate validation, when fetching certain modules directly from their
+  origins. Like the existing <code>GOPRIVATE</code> variable, the value
+  of <code>GOINSECURE</code> is a comma-separated list of glob patterns.
+</p>
+
+<h4 id="commands-outside-modules">Commands outside modules</h4>
+
+<p><!-- golang.org/issue/32027 -->
+  When module-aware mode is enabled explicitly (by setting
+  <code>GO111MODULE=on</code>), most module commands have more
+  limited functionality if no <code>go.mod</code> file is present. For
+  example, <code>go</code> <code>build</code>,
+  <code>go</code> <code>run</code>, and other build commands can only build
+  packages in the standard library and packages specified as <code>.go</code>
+  files on the command line.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  Previously, the <code>go</code> command would resolve each package path
+  to the latest version of a module but would not record the module path
+  or version. This resulted in <a href="https://golang.org/issue/32027">slow,
+  non-reproducible builds</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  <code>go</code> <code>get</code> continues to work as before, as do
+  <code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>download</code> and
+  <code>go</code> <code>list</code> <code>-m</code> with explicit versions.
+</p>
+
+<h4 id="incompatible-versions"><code>+incompatible</code> versions</h4>
+<!-- golang.org/issue/34165 -->
+
+<p>
+  If the latest version of a module contains a <code>go.mod</code> file,
+  <code>go</code> <code>get</code> will no longer upgrade to an
+  <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Module_compatibility_and_semantic_versioning">incompatible</a>
+  major version of that module unless such a version is requested explicitly
+  or is already required.
+  <code>go</code> <code>list</code> also omits incompatible major versions
+  for such a module when fetching directly from version control, but may
+  include them if reported by a proxy.
+</p>
+
+
+<h4 id="go.mod"><code>go.mod</code> file maintenance</h4>
+<!-- golang.org/issue/34822 -->
+
+<p>
+  <code>go</code> commands other than
+  <code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>tidy</code> no longer
+  remove a <code>require</code> directive that specifies a version of an indirect dependency
+  that is already implied by other (transitive) dependencies of the main
+  module.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  <code>go</code> commands other than
+  <code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>tidy</code> no longer
+  edit the <code>go.mod</code> file if the changes are only cosmetic.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  When <code>-mod=readonly</code> is set, <code>go</code> commands will no
+  longer fail due to a missing <code>go</code> directive or an erroneous
+  <code>//&nbsp;indirect</code> comment.
+</p>
+
+<h4 id="module-downloading">Module downloading</h4>
+
+<p><!-- golang.org/issue/26092 -->
+  The <code>go</code> command now supports Subversion repositories in module mode.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- golang.org/issue/30748 -->
+  The <code>go</code> command now includes snippets of plain-text error messages
+  from module proxies and other HTTP servers.
+  An error message will only be shown if it is valid UTF-8 and consists of only
+  graphic characters and spaces.
+</p>
+
+<h4 id="go-test">Testing</h4>
+
+<p><!-- golang.org/issue/24929 -->
+  <code>go test -v</code> now streams <code>t.Log</code> output as it happens,
+  rather than at the end of all tests.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="runtime">Runtime</h2>
+
+<p><!-- CL 190098 -->
+  This release improves the performance of most uses
+  of <code>defer</code> to incur almost zero overhead compared to
+  calling the deferred function directly.
+  As a result, <code>defer</code> can now be used in
+  performance-critical code without overhead concerns.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 201760, CL 201762 and many others -->
+  Goroutines are now asynchronously preemptible.
+  As a result, loops without function calls no longer potentially
+  deadlock the scheduler or significantly delay garbage collection.
+  This is supported on all platforms except <code>windows/arm</code>,
+  <code>darwin/arm</code>, <code>js/wasm</code>, and
+  <code>plan9/*</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  A consequence of the implementation of preemption is that on Unix
+  systems, including Linux and macOS systems, programs built with Go
+  1.14 will receive more signals than programs built with earlier
+  releases.
+  This means that programs that use packages
+  like <a href="/pkg/syscall/"><code>syscall</code></a>
+  or <a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/sys/unix"><code>golang.org/x/sys/unix</code></a>
+  will see more slow system calls fail with <code>EINTR</code> errors.
+  Those programs will have to handle those errors in some way, most
+  likely looping to try the system call again.  For more
+  information about this
+  see <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/signal.7.html"><code>man
+  7 signal</code></a> for Linux systems or similar documentation for
+  other systems.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 201765, CL 195701 and many others -->
+  The page allocator is more efficient and incurs significantly less
+  lock contention at high values of <code>GOMAXPROCS</code>.
+  This is most noticeable as lower latency and higher throughput for
+  large allocations being done in parallel and at a high rate.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 171844 and many others -->
+  Internal timers, used by
+  <a href="/pkg/time/#After"><code>time.After</code></a>,
+  <a href="/pkg/time/#Tick"><code>time.Tick</code></a>,
+  <a href="/pkg/net/#Conn"><code>net.Conn.SetDeadline</code></a>,
+  and friends, are more efficient, with less lock contention and fewer
+  context switches.
+  This is a performance improvement that should not cause any user
+  visible changes.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="compiler">Compiler</h2>
+
+<p><!-- CL 162237 -->
+  This release adds <code>-d=checkptr</code> as a compile-time option
+  for adding instrumentation to check that Go code is following
+  <code>unsafe.Pointer</code> safety rules dynamically.
+  This option is enabled by default (except on Windows) with
+  the <code>-race</code> or <code>-msan</code> flags, and can be
+  disabled with <code>-gcflags=all=-d=checkptr=0</code>.
+  Specifically, <code>-d=checkptr</code> checks the following:
+</p>
+
+<ol>
+  <li>
+    When converting <code>unsafe.Pointer</code> to <code>*T</code>,
+    the resulting pointer must be aligned appropriately
+    for <code>T</code>.
+  </li>
+  <li>
+    If the result of pointer arithmetic points into a Go heap object,
+    one of the <code>unsafe.Pointer</code>-typed operands must point
+    into the same object.
+  </li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>
+  Using <code>-d=checkptr</code> is not currently recommended on
+  Windows because it causes false alerts in the standard library.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 204338 -->
+  The compiler can now emit machine-readable logs of key optimizations
+  using the <code>-json</code> flag, including inlining, escape
+  analysis, bounds-check elimination, and nil-check elimination.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 196959 -->
+  Detailed escape analysis diagnostics (<code>-m=2</code>) now work again.
+  This had been dropped from the new escape analysis implementation in
+  the previous release.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 196217 -->
+  All Go symbols in macOS binaries now begin with an underscore,
+  following platform conventions.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 202117 -->
+  This release includes experimental support for compiler-inserted
+  coverage instrumentation for fuzzing.
+  See <a href="https://golang.org/issue/14565">issue 14565</a> for more
+  details.
+  This API may change in future releases.
+</p>
+
+<p><!-- CL 174704 --><!-- CL 196784 -->
+  Bounds check elimination now uses information from slice creation and can
+  eliminate checks for indexes with types smaller than <code>int</code>.
+</p>
+
+<h2 id="library">Core library</h2>
+
+<h3 id="hash/maphash">New byte sequence hashing package</h3>
+
+<p> <!-- golang.org/issue/28322, CL 186877 -->
+  Go 1.14 includes a new package,
+  <a href="/pkg/hash/maphash/"><code>hash/maphash</code></a>,
+  which provides hash functions on byte sequences.
+  These hash functions are intended to be used to implement hash tables or
+  other data structures that need to map arbitrary strings or byte
+  sequences to a uniform distribution on unsigned 64-bit integers.
+</p>
+<p>
+  The hash functions are collision-resistant but not cryptographically secure.
+</p>
+<p>
+  The hash value of a given byte sequence is consistent within a
+  single process, but will be different in different processes.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
+
+<p>
+  As always, there are various minor changes and updates to the library,
+  made with the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>
+  in mind.
+</p>
+
+<dl id="crypto/tls"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/">crypto/tls</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 191976 -->
+      Support for SSL version 3.0 (SSLv3) has been removed. Note that SSLv3 is the
+      <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7568">cryptographically broken</a>
+      protocol predating TLS.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 191999 -->
+      TLS 1.3 can't be disabled via the <code>GODEBUG</code> environment
+      variable anymore. Use the
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.MaxVersion"><code>Config.MaxVersion</code></a>
+      field to configure TLS versions.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 205059 -->
+      When multiple certificate chains are provided through the
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.Certificates"><code>Config.Certificates</code></a>
+      field, the first one compatible with the peer is now automatically
+      selected. This allows for example providing an ECDSA and an RSA
+      certificate, and letting the package automatically select the best one.
+      Note that the performance of this selection is going to be poor unless the
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Certificate.Leaf"><code>Certificate.Leaf</code></a>
+      field is set. The
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.NameToCertificate"><code>Config.NameToCertificate</code></a>
+      field, which only supports associating a single certificate with
+      a give name, is now deprecated and should be left as <code>nil</code>.
+      Similarly the
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.BuildNameToCertificate"><code>Config.BuildNameToCertificate</code></a>
+      method, which builds the <code>NameToCertificate</code> field
+      from the leaf certificates, is now deprecated and should not be
+      called.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 175517 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#CipherSuites"><code>CipherSuites</code></a>
+      and <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#InsecureCipherSuites"><code>InsecureCipherSuites</code></a>
+      functions return a list of currently implemented cipher suites.
+      The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#CipherSuiteName"><code>CipherSuiteName</code></a>
+      function returns a name for a cipher suite ID.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 205058, 205057 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#ClientHelloInfo.SupportsCertificate">
+      <code>(*ClientHelloInfo).SupportsCertificate</code></a> and
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#CertificateRequestInfo.SupportsCertificate">
+      <code>(*CertificateRequestInfo).SupportsCertificate</code></a>
+      methods expose whether a peer supports a certain certificate.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 174329 -->
+      The <code>tls</code> package no longer supports the legacy Next Protocol
+      Negotiation (NPN) extension and now only supports ALPN. In previous
+      releases it supported both. There are no API changes and applications
+      should function identically as before. Most other clients and servers have
+      already removed NPN support in favor of the standardized ALPN.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 205063, 205062 -->
+      RSA-PSS signatures are now used when supported in TLS 1.2 handshakes. This
+      won't affect most applications, but custom
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Certificate.PrivateKey"><code>Certificate.PrivateKey</code></a>
+      implementations that don't support RSA-PSS signatures will need to use the new
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Certificate.SupportedSignatureAlgorithms">
+      <code>Certificate.SupportedSignatureAlgorithms</code></a>
+      field to disable them.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 205059, 205059 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.Certificates"><code>Config.Certificates</code></a> and
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.GetCertificate"><code>Config.GetCertificate</code></a>
+      can now both be nil if
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.GetConfigForClient"><code>Config.GetConfigForClient</code></a>
+      is set. If the callbacks return neither certificates nor an error, the
+      <code>unrecognized_name</code> is now sent.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 205058 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#CertificateRequestInfo.Version"><code>CertificateRequestInfo.Version</code></a>
+      field provides the TLS version to client certificates callbacks.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 205068 -->
+      The new <code>TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256</code> and
+      <code>TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256</code> constants use
+      the final names for the cipher suites previously referred to as
+      <code>TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305</code> and
+      <code>TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305</code>.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- crypto/tls -->
+
+<dl id="crypto/x509"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/">crypto/x509</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 204046 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#Certificate.CreateCRL"><code>Certificate.CreateCRL</code></a>
+      now supports Ed25519 issuers.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl>
+
+<dl id="debug/dwarf"><dt><a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/">debug/dwarf</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 175138 -->
+      The <code>debug/dwarf</code> package now supports reading DWARF
+      version 5.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The new
+      method <a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/#Data.AddSection"><code>(*Data).AddSection</code></a>
+      supports adding arbitrary new DWARF sections from the input file
+      to the DWARF <code>Data</code>.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 192698 -->
+      The new
+      method <a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/#Reader.ByteOrder"><code>(*Reader).ByteOrder</code></a>
+      returns the byte order of the current compilation unit.
+      This may be used to interpret attributes that are encoded in the
+      native ordering, such as location descriptions.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 192699 -->
+      The new
+      method <a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/#LineReader.Files"><code>(*LineReader).Files</code></a>
+      returns the file name table from a line reader.
+      This may be used to interpret the value of DWARF attributes such
+      as <code>AttrDeclFile</code>.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- debug/dwarf -->
+
+<dl id="encoding/asn1"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/">encoding/asn1</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 126624 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#Unmarshal"><code>Unmarshal</code></a>
+      now supports ASN.1 string type BMPString, represented by the new
+      <a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#TagBMPString"><code>TagBMPString</code></a>
+      constant.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- encoding/asn1 -->
+
+<dl id="encoding/json"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/json/">encoding/json</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 200677 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Decoder"><code>Decoder</code></a>
+      type supports a new
+      method <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Decoder.InputOffset"><code>InputOffset</code></a>
+      that returns the input stream byte offset of the current
+      decoder position.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 200217 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Compact"><code>Compact</code></a> no longer
+      escapes the <code>U+2028</code> and <code>U+2029</code> characters, which
+      was never a documented feature. For proper escaping, see <a
+      href="/pkg/encoding/json/#HTMLEscape"><code>HTMLEscape</code></a>.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 195045 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Number"><code>Number</code></a> no longer
+      accepts invalid numbers, to follow the documented behavior more closely.
+      If a program needs to accept invalid numbers like the empty string,
+      consider wrapping the type with <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Unmarshaler"><code>Unmarshaler</code></a>.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 200237 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Unmarshal"><code>Unmarshal</code></a>
+      can now support map keys with string underlying type which implement
+      <a href="/pkg/encoding/#TextUnmarshaler"><code>encoding.TextUnmarshaler</code></a>.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- encoding/json -->
+
+<dl id="go/build"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/build/">go/build</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 203820, 211657 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/go/build/#Context"><code>Context</code></a>
+      type has a new field <code>Dir</code> which may be used to set
+      the working directory for the build.
+      The default is the current directory of the running process.
+      In module mode, this is used to locate the main module.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- go/build -->
+
+<dl id="go/doc"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/doc/">go/doc</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 204830 -->
+      The new
+      function <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#NewFromFiles"><code>NewFromFiles</code></a>
+      computes package documentation from a list
+      of <code>*ast.File</code>'s and associates examples with the
+      appropriate package elements.
+      The new information is available in a new <code>Examples</code>
+      field
+      in the <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Package"><code>Package</code></a>, <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Type"><code>Type</code></a>,
+      and <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Func"><code>Func</code></a> types, and a
+      new <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Example.Suffix"><code>Suffix</code></a>
+      field in
+      the <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Example"><code>Example</code></a>
+      type.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- go/doc -->
+
+<dl id="io/ioutil"><dt><a href="/pkg/io/ioutil/">io/ioutil</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 198488 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/io/ioutil/#TempDir"><code>TempDir</code></a> can now create directories
+      whose names have predictable prefixes and suffixes.
+      As with <a href="/pkg/io/ioutil/#TempFile"><code>TempFile</code></a>, if the pattern
+      contains a '*', the random string replaces the last '*'.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl>
+
+<dl id="log"><dt><a href="/pkg/log/">log</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 186182 -->
+      The
+      new <a href="https://tip.golang.org/pkg/log/#pkg-constants"><code>Lmsgprefix</code></a>
+      flag may be used to tell the logging functions to emit the
+      optional output prefix immediately before the log message rather
+      than at the start of the line.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- log -->
+
+<dl id="math"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/">math</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 127458 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/math/#FMA"><code>FMA</code></a> function
+      computes <code>x*y+z</code> in floating point with no
+      intermediate rounding of the <code>x*y</code>
+      computation. Several architectures implement this computation
+      using dedicated hardware instructions for additional performance.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- math -->
+
+<dl id="math/big"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/big/">math/big</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 164972 -->
+      The <a href="/pkg/math/big/#Int.GCD"><code>GCD</code></a> method
+      now allows the inputs <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> to be
+      zero or negative.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- math/big -->
+
+<dl id="math/bits"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/bits/">math/bits</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 197838 -->
+      The new functions
+      <a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Rem"><code>Rem</code></a>,
+      <a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Rem32"><code>Rem32</code></a>, and
+      <a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Rem64"><code>Rem64</code></a>
+      support computing a remainder even when the quotient overflows.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- math/bits -->
+
+<dl id="mime"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/">mime</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 186927 -->
+      The default type of <code>.js</code> and <code>.mjs</code> files
+      is now <code>text/javascript</code> rather
+      than <code>application/javascript</code>.
+      This is in accordance
+      with <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-dispatch-javascript-mjs/">an
+      IETF draft</a> that treats <code>application/javascript</code> as obsolete.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- mime -->
+
+<dl id="mime/multipart"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/">mime/multipart</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p>
+      The
+      new <a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a>
+      method <a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/#Reader.NextRawPart"><code>NextRawPart</code></a>
+      supports fetching the next MIME part without transparently
+      decoding <code>quoted-printable</code> data.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- mime/multipart -->
+
+<dl id="net/http"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/">net/http</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 200760 -->
+      The new <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Header"><code>Header</code></a>
+      method <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Header.Values"><code>Values</code></a>
+      can be used to fetch all values associated with a
+      canonicalized key.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 61291 -->
+      The
+      new <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a>
+      field <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport.DialTLSContext"><code>DialTLSContext</code></a>
+      can be used to specify an optional dial function for creating
+      TLS connections for non-proxied HTTPS requests.
+      This new field can be used instead
+      of <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport.DialTLS"><code>DialTLS</code></a>,
+      which is now considered deprecated; <code>DialTLS</code> will
+      continue to work, but new code should
+      use <code>DialTLSContext</code>, which allows the transport to
+      cancel dials as soon as they are no longer needed.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 192518, CL 194218 -->
+      On Windows, <a href="/pkg/net/http/#ServeFile"><code>ServeFile</code></a> now correctly
+      serves files larger than 2GB.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- net/http -->
+
+<dl id="net/http/httptest"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/httptest/">net/http/httptest</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 201557 -->
+      The
+      new <a href="/pkg/net/http/httptest/#Server"><code>Server</code></a>
+      field <a href="/pkg/net/http/httptest/#Server.EnableHTTP2"><code>EnableHTTP2</code></a>
+      supports enabling HTTP/2 on the test server.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- net/http/httptest -->
+
+<dl id="net/textproto"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/textproto/">net/textproto</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 200760 -->
+      The
+      new <a href="/pkg/net/textproto/#MIMEHeader"><code>MIMEHeader</code></a>
+      method <a href="/pkg/net/textproto/#MIMEHeader.Values"><code>Values</code></a>
+      can be used to fetch all values associated with a canonicalized
+      key.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- net/textproto -->
+
+<dl id="net/url"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/url/">net/url</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 185117 -->
+      When parsing of a URL fails
+      (for example by <a href="/pkg/net/url/#Parse"><code>Parse</code></a>
+      or <a href="/pkg/net/url/#ParseRequestURI"><code>ParseRequestURI</code></a>),
+      the resulting <a href="/pkg/net/url/#Error.Error"><code>Error</code></a> message
+      will now quote the unparsable URL.
+      This provides clearer structure and consistency with other parsing errors.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- net/url -->
+
+<dl id="os/signal"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/signal/">os/signal</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 187739 -->
+      On Windows,
+      the <code>CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT</code>, <code>CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT</code>,
+      and <code>CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT</code> events now generate
+      a <code>syscall.SIGTERM</code> signal, similar to how Control-C
+      and Control-Break generate a <code>syscall.SIGINT</code> signal.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- os/signal -->
+
+<dl id="plugin"><dt><a href="/pkg/plugin/">plugin</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 191617 -->
+      The <code>plugin</code> package now supports <code>freebsd/amd64</code>.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- plugin -->
+
+<dl id="reflect"><dt><a href="/pkg/reflect/">reflect</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 85661 -->
+      <a href="/pkg/reflect#StructOf"><code>StructOf</code></a> now
+      supports creating struct types with unexported fields, by
+      setting the <code>PkgPath</code> field in
+      a <code>StructField</code> element.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- reflect -->
+
+<dl id="pkg-runtime"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/">runtime</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 200081 -->
+      <code>runtime.Goexit</code> can no longer be aborted by a
+      recursive <code>panic</code>/<code>recover</code>.
+    </p>
+
+    <p><!-- CL 188297, CL 191785 -->
+      On macOS, <code>SIGPIPE</code> is no longer forwarded to signal
+      handlers installed before the Go runtime is initialized.
+      This is necessary because macOS delivers <code>SIGPIPE</code>
+      <a href="https://golang.org/issue/33384">to the main thread</a>
+      rather than the thread writing to the closed pipe.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- runtime -->
+
+<dl id="runtime/pprof"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof/">runtime/pprof</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 204636, 205097 -->
+    The generated profile no longer includes the pseudo-PCs used for inline
+    marks. Symbol information of inlined functions is encoded in
+    <a href="https://github.com/google/pprof/blob/5e96527/proto/profile.proto#L177-L184">the format</a>
+    the pprof tool expects. This is a fix for the regression introduced
+    during recent releases.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- runtime/pprof -->
+
+<dl id="strconv"><dt><a href="/pkg/strconv/">strconv</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p>
+      The <a href="/pkg/strconv/#NumError"><code>NumError</code></a>
+      type now has
+      an <a href="/pkg/strconv/#NumError.Unwrap"><code>Unwrap</code></a>
+      method that may be used to retrieve the reason that a conversion
+      failed.
+      This supports using <code>NumError</code> values
+      with <a href="/pkg/errors/#Is"><code>errors.Is</code></a> to see
+      if the underlying error
+      is <a href="/pkg/strconv/#pkg-variables"><code>strconv.ErrRange</code></a>
+      or <a href="/pkg/strconv/#pkg-variables"><code>strconv.ErrSyntax</code></a>.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- strconv -->
+
+<dl id="sync"><dt><a href="/pkg/sync/">sync</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 200577 -->
+      Unlocking a highly contended <code>Mutex</code> now directly
+      yields the CPU to the next goroutine waiting for
+      that <code>Mutex</code>. This significantly improves the
+      performance of highly contended mutexes on high CPU count
+      machines.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- sync -->
+
+<dl id="testing"><dt><a href="/pkg/testing/">testing</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 201359 -->
+       The testing package now supports cleanup functions, called after
+       a test or benchmark has finished, by calling
+       <a href="/pkg/testing#T.Cleanup"><code>T.Cleanup</code></a> or
+       <a href="/pkg/testing#B.Cleanup"><code>B.Cleanup</code></a> respectively.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- testing -->
+
+<dl id="text/template"><dt><a href="/pkg/text/template/">text/template</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 206124 -->
+      The text/template package now correctly reports errors when a
+      parenthesized argument is used as a function.
+      This most commonly shows up in erroneous cases like
+      <code>{{if (eq .F "a") or (eq .F "b")}}</code>.
+      This should be written as <code>{{if or (eq .F "a") (eq .F "b")}}</code>.
+      The erroneous case never worked as expected, and will now be
+      reported with an error <code>can't give argument to non-function</code>.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- text/template -->
+
+<dl id="unicode"><dt><a href="/pkg/unicode/">unicode</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p>
+      The <a href="/pkg/unicode/"><code>unicode</code></a> package and associated
+      support throughout the system has been upgraded from Unicode 11.0 to
+      <a href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode12.0.0/">Unicode 12.0</a>,
+      which adds 554 new characters, including four new scripts, and 61 new emoji.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- unicode -->