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Author SHA1 Message Date
Andrew Bonventre
d7b402a49a [release-branch.go1.13] go1.13rc2
Change-Id: I1d3f2f7e8d274f328e20f9158468d8a1b4367fcf
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/192320
Run-TryBot: Andrew Bonventre <andybons@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Bryan C. Mills <bcmills@google.com>
2019-08-29 14:35:17 +00:00
Dmitri Shuralyov
450a918b6f [release-branch.go1.13] CONTRIBUTORS: second round of updates for Go 1.13
This update has been automatically generated using the updatecontrib
command:

	cd gotip
	go run golang.org/x/build/cmd/updatecontrib

With minor manual changes based on publicly available information
to canonicalize letter case for a few names.

Actions taken (relative to CONTRIBUTORS at origin/master):

	Added Albert Teoh <albert.teoh@gmail.com>
	Added Allen Li <ayatane@google.com>
	Added Anderson Queiroz <contato@andersonq.eti.br>
	Added Andrew Todd <andrew.todd@wework.com>
	Added Artem Kolin <artemkaxboy@gmail.com>
	Added Bharath Thiruveedula <tbharath91@gmail.com>
	Added Christian Muehlhaeuser <muesli@gmail.com>
	Added Darren McCleary <darren.rmc@gmail.com>
	Added David Finkel <david.finkel@gmail.com>
	Added Eddie Scholtz <escholtz@google.com>
	Added GitHub User tatsumack (4510569) <tatsu.mack@gmail.com>
	Added GitHub User utkarsh-extc (53217283) <53217283+utkarsh-extc@users.noreply.github.com>
	Added GitHub User yuanhh (1298735) <yuan415030@gmail.com>
	Added Illya Yalovyy <yalovoy@gmail.com>
	Added James Eady <jmeady@google.com>
	Added Jan Steinke <jan.steinke@gmail.com>
	Added Javier Revillas <jrevillas@massivedynamic.io>
	Added Jordi Martin <jordimartin@gmail.com>
	Added Jorge Araya <jorgejavieran@yahoo.com.mx>
	Added Kelly Heller <pestophagous@gmail.com>
	Added Kevin Gillette <extemporalgenome@gmail.com>
	Added Mark Glines <mark@glines.org>
	Added Nao Yonashiro <owan.orisano@gmail.com>
	Added Pascal Dierich <pascal@pascaldierich.com>
	Added Pure White <wu.purewhite@gmail.com>
	Added Sam Arnold <sarnold64@bloomberg.net>
	Added Sander van Harmelen <sander@vanharmelen.nl>
	Added Sergei Zagurskii <gvozdoder@gmail.com>
	Added Shivani Singhal <shivani.singhal2804@gmail.com>
	Added Stefan Baebler <sbaebler@outbrain.com>
	Added Tianon Gravi <admwiggin@gmail.com>
	Added Toshihiro Shiino <shiino.toshihiro@gmail.com>
	Added Wagner Riffel <wgrriffel@gmail.com>
	Used GitHub User tatsumack (4510569) form for tatsumack <tatsu.mack@gmail.com> https://github.com/golang/website/commit/7eeb7ef [website]
	Used GitHub User utkarsh-extc (53217283) form for utkarsh-extc <53217283+utkarsh-extc@users.noreply.github.com> https://github.com/golang/sys/commit/51ab0e2 [sys]
	Used GitHub User yuanhh (1298735) form for yuanhh <yuan415030@gmail.com> https://github.com/golang/crypto/commit/60c769a [crypto]
	Used GitHub name "Akhil Indurti" for smasher164 <aindurti@gmail.com> https://github.com/golang/go/commit/5ca44dc403 [build exp go sys]
	Used GitHub name "Artem Kolin" for artemkaxboy <artemkaxboy@gmail.com> https://github.com/golang/go/commit/e881604d1c [go]
	Used GitHub name "Ivan Markin" for nogoegst <nogoegst@users.noreply.github.com> https://github.com/golang/go/commit/a1addf15df [go]
	Used GitHub name "Keiji Yoshida" for yosssi <yoshida.keiji.84@gmail.com> https://github.com/golang/lint/commit/ac6833c [lint]
	Used GitHub name "Michalis Kargakis" for kargakis <mkargaki@redhat.com> https://github.com/golang/go/commit/e243d242d7 [go]
	Used GitHub name "Roberto Clapis" for Roberto <empijei@users.noreply.github.com> https://github.com/golang/go/commit/963776e689 [go]
	Used GitHub name "Robin Eklind" for mewmew <rnd0x00@gmail.com> https://github.com/golang/go/commit/b8620afb8d [blog go proposal.git]

Updates #12042

Change-Id: I1b21a18138849c537048558dd4324a823ba12a14
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/192099
Reviewed-by: Andrew Bonventre <andybons@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Andrew Bonventre <andybons@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit d0eaec79f9)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/192178
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
2019-08-28 23:04:55 +00:00
Bryan C. Mills
1ae4e73c11 [release-branch.go1.13] cmd/go/internal/modload: fix swapped paths in error message
Cherry-picked from CL 191997.

Updates #33879
Fixes #33885

Change-Id: Ifc91490b1cb791fdf5ffe69ef81c0ec0e6cbecc3
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191997
Run-TryBot: Bryan C. Mills <bcmills@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Rakoczy <alex@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit 8f5353fd1c)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191972
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
2019-08-27 21:14:34 +00:00
Bryan C. Mills
2e3989e04e [release-branch.go1.13] cmd/go/internal/get: remove '--' separator from 'git ls-remote' command
'git ls-remote' started recognizing the '--' separator at some point
after 2.7.4, but git defaults to version 2.7.4 on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS,
which remains supported by Ubuntu until April 2021.

We added '--' tokens to most VCS commands as a defensive measure in
CL 181237, but it isn't strictly necessary here because the 'scheme'
argument to our template is chosen from a predefined list: we can
safely drop it to retain compatibility.

Cherry-picked from CL 191978.

Updates #33836
Fixes #33880

Change-Id: Ibb53366b95f8029b587e0b7646a439330d759ac7
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191973
Run-TryBot: Bryan C. Mills <bcmills@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
2019-08-27 21:10:30 +00:00
Filippo Valsorda
c11853c09b [release-branch.go1.13] crypto/tls: make SSLv3 again disabled by default
It was mistakenly re-enabled in CL 146217.

Updates #33837

Change-Id: I8c0e1787114c6232df5888e51e355906622295bc
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191877
Run-TryBot: Filippo Valsorda <filippo@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit 2ebc3d8157)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191998
2019-08-27 20:56:38 +00:00
Bryan C. Mills
44a66acc71 [release-branch.go1.13] net/http: fix wantConnQueue memory leaks in Transport
I'm trying to keep the code changes minimal for backporting to Go 1.13,
so it is still possible for a handful of entries to leak,
but the leaks are now O(1) instead of O(N) in the steady state.

Longer-term, I think it would be a good idea to coalesce idleMu with
connsPerHostMu and clear entries out of both queues as soon as their
goroutines are done waiting.

Cherry-picked from CL 191964.

Updates #33849
Updates #33850
Fixes #33878

Change-Id: Ia66bc64671eb1014369f2d3a01debfc023b44281
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191964
Run-TryBot: Bryan C. Mills <bcmills@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit 94bf9a8d4a)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191967
2019-08-27 18:37:25 +00:00
Cherry Zhang
633d0c9765 [release-branch.go1.13] cmd/vendor: update vendored x/arch repo to 8a70ba74b3a1
Update vendored x/arch repo to pick up the fix of issue #33802.

This is done with the following commands:

$ cd $GOROOT/src/cmd
$ go get -d golang.org/x/arch@latest
go: finding golang.org/x/arch latest
go: downloading golang.org/x/arch v0.0.0-20190815191158-8a70ba74b3a1
go: extracting golang.org/x/arch v0.0.0-20190815191158-8a70ba74b3a1
$ go mod tidy
$ go mod vendor

Updates #33802.
Fixes #33811.

Change-Id: I0a44f1d83d6f573124cea1f099378b1c851f3feb
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191619
Run-TryBot: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Emmanuel Odeke <emm.odeke@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Jay Conrod <jayconrod@google.com>
(cherry picked from commit 66ff373911)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191737
Run-TryBot: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Bonventre <andybons@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
2019-08-26 21:44:24 +00:00
obei
994ebd3066 [release-branch.go1.13] doc: align documents link
Updates #33738

Change-Id: If0856d7c57ecfde08341c1aecb5e92361fd64f2b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191217
Reviewed-by: Andrew Bonventre <andybons@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Andrew Bonventre <andybons@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit cded9f43f8)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191747
Reviewed-by: Katie Hockman <katie@golang.org>
2019-08-26 18:55:44 +00:00
Katie Hockman
8eecefd58d [release-branch.go1.13] doc/go1.13: add information about using private modules to the introduction
Updates #33796
Fixes #33846

Change-Id: I9f6837be96410e96d004523c48bef95ee1427484
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191746
Reviewed-by: Bryan C. Mills <bcmills@google.com>
(cherry picked from commit 989409f527)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191749
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org>
2019-08-26 17:45:51 +00:00
Toshihiro Shiino
ea9edabf44 [release-branch.go1.13] doc/go1.13: add missing slashes
This saves a redirect and makes the document more consistent.

Change-Id: Ib7f68b1967275c0c676a044314919449680297f3
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191537
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit 89fb80f7fa)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191740
Reviewed-by: Toshihiro Shiino <shiino.toshihiro@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Emmanuel Odeke <emm.odeke@gmail.com>
2019-08-25 21:58:28 +00:00
Emmanuel T Odeke
bc30423263 [release-branch.go1.13] doc/go1.13: fix bad URLs to strconv identifiers
Change-Id: I7db3ad060773c9396fbe34e7bd52e7ccf6e5e52c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191797
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit 1a7c15fa6d)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191739
Reviewed-by: Toshihiro Shiino <shiino.toshihiro@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Emmanuel Odeke <emm.odeke@gmail.com>
2019-08-25 21:56:21 +00:00
Emmanuel T Odeke
55a5beb12c [release-branch.go1.13] doc/go1.13: document fmt's number syntax updates
Fixes #32815

Change-Id: Ia8ac9943a920a056ba7dbc69c1c70fa188f7aca8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191578
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit 9e1c864afe)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191738
Reviewed-by: Emmanuel Odeke <emm.odeke@gmail.com>
Run-TryBot: Andrew Bonventre <andybons@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
2019-08-25 16:54:13 +00:00
Emmanuel T Odeke
a5a92aa673 [release-branch.go1.13] doc/go1.13: document _ between digits for math/big, strconv
Document that:
* math/big.Float.Parse
* math/big.Int.SetString
* strconv.ParseFloat
* strconv.ParseInt
* strconv.ParseUint
now accept underscores to group digits only if base = 0,
as per the Go 2 language changes.

Updates #32815

Change-Id: Id45bd803a18442436419739297e8aed0d32ca56c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191077
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit e764432605)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191477
Run-TryBot: Andrew Bonventre <andybons@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Emmanuel Odeke <emm.odeke@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
2019-08-23 17:22:08 +00:00
Filippo Valsorda
5c379a437e [release-branch.go1.13] net/http: update bundled golang.org/x/net/http2 to import security fix
Update golang.org/x/net to v0.0.0-20190813141303-74dc4d7220e7 to import
the following security fix.

    commit 74dc4d7220e7acc4e100824340f3e66577424772
    Author: Filippo Valsorda <filippo@golang.org>
    Date:   Sun Aug 11 02:12:18 2019 -0400

    http2: limit number of control frames in server send queue

    An attacker could cause servers to queue an unlimited number of PING
    ACKs or RST_STREAM frames by soliciting them and not reading them, until
    the program runs out of memory.

    Limit control frames in the queue to a few thousands (matching the limit
    imposed by other vendors) by counting as they enter and exit the scheduler,
    so the protection will work with any WriteScheduler.

    Once the limit is exceeded, close the connection, as we have no way to
    communicate with the peer.

    Change-Id: I842968fc6ed3eac654b497ade8cea86f7267886b
    Reviewed-on: https://team-review.git.corp.google.com/c/golang/go-private/+/525552
    Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@google.com>

This change was generated with cmd/go and cmd/bundle:

$ go get -u golang.org/x/net
$ go mod tidy
$ go mod vendor
$ go generate net/http

Fixes CVE-2019-9512 and CVE-2019-9514
Fixes #33606

Change-Id: I464baf96175006aa101d65d3b0f6494f28a626ab
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/190137
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit 145e193131)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191618
Run-TryBot: Filippo Valsorda <filippo@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
2019-08-23 17:16:16 +00:00
Jeff Hodges
d76bd214ae [release-branch.go1.13] net/http: change TimeoutHandler's docs to match its new interfaces
As of Go 1.13rc1, TimeoutHandler supports the Flusher and Pusher interfaces and
this change corrects its documentation to say that.

Fixes #33769
Updates #29193

Change-Id: Ia0523f7f2e3dc1f8f0b68950b85a7bf81c4abe60
GitHub-Last-Rev: 5310d2c960
GitHub-Pull-Request: golang/go#33770
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191237
Reviewed-by: Andrew Bonventre <andybons@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Andrew Bonventre <andybons@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit f3e3b71a50)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191169
Reviewed-by: Bryan C. Mills <bcmills@google.com>
2019-08-22 17:40:45 +00:00
Emmanuel T Odeke
bd2e28190d [release-branch.go1.13] strconv: update documentation
Fixes #33750.
Updates #31197.

Change-Id: I26f63cef57e5f0eec85b84554c82f6d47b4f41a1
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191078
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
(cherry picked from commit d9b1323337)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191168
Run-TryBot: Andrew Bonventre <andybons@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Emmanuel Odeke <emm.odeke@gmail.com>
2019-08-22 17:40:31 +00:00
Andrew Bonventre
ed4f3f3134 [release-branch.go1.13] go1.13rc1
Change-Id: I2921895d336c8f63e521b5c921494917b4f42f79
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/191157
Run-TryBot: Andrew Bonventre <andybons@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Katie Hockman <katie@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
2019-08-21 19:21:42 +00:00
3700 changed files with 425982 additions and 348221 deletions

14
.gitattributes vendored
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@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
# Treat all files in the Go repo as binary, with no git magic updating
# line endings. This produces predictable results in different environments.
#
# Windows users contributing to Go will need to use a modern version
# of git and editors capable of LF line endings.
#
# Windows .bat files are known to have multiple bugs when run with LF
# endings, and so they are checked in with CRLF endings, with a test
# in test/winbatch.go to catch problems. (See golang.org/issue/37791.)
# line endings. Windows users contributing to Go will need to use a
# modern version of git and editors capable of LF line endings.
#
# We'll prevent accidental CRLF line endings from entering the repo
# via the git-codereview gofmt checks and tests.
# via the git-review gofmt checks.
#
# See golang.org/issue/9281.
# See golang.org/issue/9281
* -text

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@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
<!--
Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks!
For questions please use one of our forums: https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Questions
-->
<!-- Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks! -->
### What version of Go are you using (`go version`)?
@@ -36,3 +33,4 @@ A link on play.golang.org is best.
### What did you see instead?

12
AUTHORS
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@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Ahmy Yulrizka <yulrizka@gmail.com>
Aiden Scandella <ai@uber.com>
Ainar Garipov <gugl.zadolbal@gmail.com>
Aishraj Dahal <aishraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Akhil Indurti <aindurti@gmail.com>
Akhil Indurti <contact@akhilindurti.com>
Akihiro Suda <suda.kyoto@gmail.com>
Akshat Kumar <seed@mail.nanosouffle.net>
Alan Shreve <alan@inconshreveable.com>
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ Alexei Sholik <alcosholik@gmail.com>
Alexey Borzenkov <snaury@gmail.com>
Alexey Neganov <neganovalexey@gmail.com>
Alexey Palazhchenko <alexey.palazhchenko@gmail.com>
Alexey Semenyuk <alexsemenyuk88@gmail.com>
Alexis Hildebrandt <surryhill@gmail.com>
Ali Rizvi-Santiago <arizvisa@gmail.com>
Aliaksandr Valialkin <valyala@gmail.com>
@@ -145,7 +144,6 @@ Andy Davis <andy@bigandian.com>
Andy Finkenstadt <afinkenstadt@zynga.com>
Andy Lindeman <andy@lindeman.io>
Andy Maloney <asmaloney@gmail.com>
Andy Pan <panjf2000@gmail.com>
Andy Walker <walkeraj@gmail.com>
Anfernee Yongkun Gui <anfernee.gui@gmail.com>
Angelo Bulfone <mbulfone@gmail.com>
@@ -563,7 +561,6 @@ Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@gmail.com>
Holden Huang <ttyh061@gmail.com>
Hong Ruiqi <hongruiqi@gmail.com>
Hongfei Tan <feilengcui008@gmail.com>
Hootsuite Inc.
Hsin-Ho Yeh <yhh92u@gmail.com>
Hu Keping <hukeping@huawei.com>
Hugues Bruant <hugues.bruant@gmail.com>
@@ -935,7 +932,7 @@ Maya Rashish <maya@netbsd.org>
Mayank Kumar <krmayankk@gmail.com>
MediaMath, Inc
Meir Fischer <meirfischer@gmail.com>
Meng Zhuo <mengzhuo1203@gmail.com> <mzh@golangcn.org>
Meng Zhuo <mengzhuo1203@gmail.com>
Meteor Development Group
Mhd Sulhan <m.shulhan@gmail.com>
Micah Stetson <micah.stetson@gmail.com>
@@ -1045,7 +1042,6 @@ Niels Widger <niels.widger@gmail.com>
Nigel Kerr <nigel.kerr@gmail.com>
Nik Nyby <nnyby@columbia.edu>
Nikhil Benesch <nikhil.benesch@gmail.com>
Nikita Gillmann <nikita@n0.is> <ng0@n0.is>
Niklas Schnelle <niklas.schnelle@gmail.com>
Niko Dziemba <niko@dziemba.com>
Nikolay Turpitko <nikolay@turpitko.com>
@@ -1144,11 +1140,9 @@ Pietro Gagliardi <pietro10@mac.com>
Piyush Mishra <piyush@codeitout.com>
Platform.sh
Pontus Leitzler <leitzler@gmail.com>
Prasanga Siripala <pj@pjebs.com.au>
Prashant Varanasi <prashant@prashantv.com>
Pravendra Singh <hackpravj@gmail.com>
Preetam Jinka <pj@preet.am>
Qais Patankar <qaisjp@gmail.com>
Qiuxuan Zhu <ilsh1022@gmail.com>
Qualcomm Data Center, Inc.
Quan Tran <qeed.quan@gmail.com>
@@ -1314,7 +1308,6 @@ Szabolcs Nagy <nsz@port70.net>
Taavi Kivisik <taavi.kivisik@gmail.com>
Tad Fisher <tadfisher@gmail.com>
Tad Glines <tad.glines@gmail.com>
Tailscale Inc.
Taj Khattra <taj.khattra@gmail.com>
Takayoshi Nishida <takayoshi.nishida@gmail.com>
Takeshi YAMANASHI <9.nashi@gmail.com>
@@ -1399,7 +1392,6 @@ Upthere, Inc.
Uriel Mangado <uriel@berlinblue.org>
Vadim Grek <vadimprog@gmail.com>
Vadim Vygonets <unixdj@gmail.com>
Vee Zhang <veezhang@126.com> <vveezhang@gmail.com>
Vendasta
Veselkov Konstantin <kostozyb@gmail.com>
Victor Vrantchan <vrancean+github@gmail.com>

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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
## Supported Versions
We support the past two Go releases (for example, Go 1.12.x and Go 1.13.x).
We support the past two Go releases (for example, Go 1.11.x and Go 1.12.x).
See https://golang.org/wiki/Go-Release-Cycle and in particular the
[Release Maintenance](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Go-Release-Cycle#release-maintenance)

1
VERSION Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
go1.13rc2

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@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ pkg os (linux-arm), const O_SYNC = 4096
pkg os (linux-arm-cgo), const O_SYNC = 4096
pkg os (linux-arm), const O_SYNC = 1052672
pkg os (linux-arm-cgo), const O_SYNC = 1052672
pkg syscall (darwin-386), const ImplementsGetwd = false
pkg syscall (darwin-386), func Fchflags(string, int) error
pkg syscall (darwin-386-cgo), const ImplementsGetwd = false
pkg syscall (darwin-386-cgo), func Fchflags(string, int) error
pkg syscall (darwin-amd64), const ImplementsGetwd = false
pkg syscall (darwin-amd64), func Fchflags(string, int) error
pkg syscall (darwin-amd64-cgo), const ImplementsGetwd = false
@@ -455,5 +459,3 @@ pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntfromname [88]int8
pkg syscall (freebsd-arm-cgo), type Statfs_t struct, Mntonname [88]int8
pkg text/scanner, const GoTokens = 1012
pkg unicode, const Version = "10.0.0"
pkg unicode, const Version = "11.0.0"
pkg unicode, const Version = "12.0.0"

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@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
pkg crypto/tls, const TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 = 52393
pkg crypto/tls, const TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 uint16
pkg crypto/tls, const TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 = 52392
pkg crypto/tls, const TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 uint16
pkg crypto/tls, func CipherSuiteName(uint16) string
pkg crypto/tls, func CipherSuites() []*CipherSuite
pkg crypto/tls, func InsecureCipherSuites() []*CipherSuite
pkg crypto/tls, method (*CertificateRequestInfo) SupportsCertificate(*Certificate) error
pkg crypto/tls, method (*ClientHelloInfo) SupportsCertificate(*Certificate) error
pkg crypto/tls, type Certificate struct, SupportedSignatureAlgorithms []SignatureScheme
pkg crypto/tls, type CertificateRequestInfo struct, Version uint16
pkg crypto/tls, type CipherSuite struct
pkg crypto/tls, type CipherSuite struct, ID uint16
pkg crypto/tls, type CipherSuite struct, Insecure bool
pkg crypto/tls, type CipherSuite struct, Name string
pkg crypto/tls, type CipherSuite struct, SupportedVersions []uint16
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrAddrBase = 115
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrAddrBase Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrAlignment = 136
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrAlignment Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrBinaryScale = 91
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrBinaryScale Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallAllCalls = 122
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallAllCalls Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallAllSourceCalls = 123
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallAllSourceCalls Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallAllTailCalls = 124
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallAllTailCalls Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallDataLocation = 133
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallDataLocation Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallDataValue = 134
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallDataValue Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallOrigin = 127
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallOrigin Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallPC = 129
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallPC Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallParameter = 128
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallParameter Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallReturnPC = 125
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallReturnPC Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallTailCall = 130
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallTailCall Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallTarget = 131
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallTarget Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallTargetClobbered = 132
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallTargetClobbered Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallValue = 126
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrCallValue Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrConstExpr = 108
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrConstExpr Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDataBitOffset = 107
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDataBitOffset Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDecimalScale = 92
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDecimalScale Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDecimalSign = 94
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDecimalSign Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDefaulted = 139
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDefaulted Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDeleted = 138
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDeleted Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDigitCount = 95
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDigitCount Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDwoName = 118
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrDwoName Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrElemental = 102
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrElemental Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrEndianity = 101
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrEndianity Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrEnumClass = 109
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrEnumClass Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrExplicit = 99
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrExplicit Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrExportSymbols = 137
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrExportSymbols Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrLinkageName = 110
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrLinkageName Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrLoclistsBase = 140
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrLoclistsBase Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrMacros = 121
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrMacros Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrMainSubprogram = 106
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrMainSubprogram Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrMutable = 97
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrMutable Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrNoreturn = 135
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrNoreturn Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrObjectPointer = 100
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrObjectPointer Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrPictureString = 96
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrPictureString Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrPure = 103
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrPure Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrRank = 113
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrRank Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrRecursive = 104
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrRecursive Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrReference = 119
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrReference Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrRnglistsBase = 116
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrRnglistsBase Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrRvalueReference = 120
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrRvalueReference Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrSignature = 105
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrSignature Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrSmall = 93
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrSmall Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrStrOffsetsBase = 114
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrStrOffsetsBase Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrStringLengthBitSize = 111
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrStringLengthBitSize Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrStringLengthByteSize = 112
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrStringLengthByteSize Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrThreadsScaled = 98
pkg debug/dwarf, const AttrThreadsScaled Attr
pkg debug/dwarf, const ClassAddrPtr = 15
pkg debug/dwarf, const ClassAddrPtr Class
pkg debug/dwarf, const ClassLocList = 16
pkg debug/dwarf, const ClassLocList Class
pkg debug/dwarf, const ClassRngList = 17
pkg debug/dwarf, const ClassRngList Class
pkg debug/dwarf, const ClassRngListsPtr = 18
pkg debug/dwarf, const ClassRngListsPtr Class
pkg debug/dwarf, const ClassStrOffsetsPtr = 19
pkg debug/dwarf, const ClassStrOffsetsPtr Class
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagAtomicType = 71
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagAtomicType Tag
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagCallSite = 72
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagCallSite Tag
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagCallSiteParameter = 73
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagCallSiteParameter Tag
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagCoarrayType = 68
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagCoarrayType Tag
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagDynamicType = 70
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagDynamicType Tag
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagGenericSubrange = 69
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagGenericSubrange Tag
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagImmutableType = 75
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagImmutableType Tag
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagSkeletonUnit = 74
pkg debug/dwarf, const TagSkeletonUnit Tag
pkg debug/dwarf, method (*Data) AddSection(string, []uint8) error
pkg debug/dwarf, method (*LineReader) Files() []*LineFile
pkg debug/dwarf, method (*Reader) ByteOrder() binary.ByteOrder
pkg encoding/asn1, const TagBMPString = 30
pkg encoding/asn1, const TagBMPString ideal-int
pkg encoding/json, method (*Decoder) InputOffset() int64
pkg go/build, type Context struct, Dir string
pkg go/doc, func NewFromFiles(*token.FileSet, []*ast.File, string, ...interface{}) (*Package, error)
pkg go/doc, type Example struct, Suffix string
pkg go/doc, type Func struct, Examples []*Example
pkg go/doc, type Package struct, Examples []*Example
pkg go/doc, type Type struct, Examples []*Example
pkg hash/maphash, func MakeSeed() Seed
pkg hash/maphash, method (*Hash) BlockSize() int
pkg hash/maphash, method (*Hash) Reset()
pkg hash/maphash, method (*Hash) Seed() Seed
pkg hash/maphash, method (*Hash) SetSeed(Seed)
pkg hash/maphash, method (*Hash) Size() int
pkg hash/maphash, method (*Hash) Sum([]uint8) []uint8
pkg hash/maphash, method (*Hash) Sum64() uint64
pkg hash/maphash, method (*Hash) Write([]uint8) (int, error)
pkg hash/maphash, method (*Hash) WriteByte(uint8) error
pkg hash/maphash, method (*Hash) WriteString(string) (int, error)
pkg hash/maphash, type Hash struct
pkg hash/maphash, type Seed struct
pkg log, const Lmsgprefix = 64
pkg log, const Lmsgprefix ideal-int
pkg math, func FMA(float64, float64, float64) float64
pkg math/bits, func Rem(uint, uint, uint) uint
pkg math/bits, func Rem32(uint32, uint32, uint32) uint32
pkg math/bits, func Rem64(uint64, uint64, uint64) uint64
pkg mime/multipart, method (*Reader) NextRawPart() (*Part, error)
pkg net/http, method (Header) Values(string) []string
pkg net/http, type Transport struct, DialTLSContext func(context.Context, string, string) (net.Conn, error)
pkg net/http/httptest, type Server struct, EnableHTTP2 bool
pkg net/textproto, method (MIMEHeader) Values(string) []string
pkg strconv, method (*NumError) Unwrap() error
pkg syscall (windows-386), const CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT = 2
pkg syscall (windows-386), const CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT ideal-int
pkg syscall (windows-386), const CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT = 5
pkg syscall (windows-386), const CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT ideal-int
pkg syscall (windows-386), const CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT = 6
pkg syscall (windows-386), const CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT ideal-int
pkg syscall (windows-amd64), const CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT = 2
pkg syscall (windows-amd64), const CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT ideal-int
pkg syscall (windows-amd64), const CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT = 5
pkg syscall (windows-amd64), const CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT ideal-int
pkg syscall (windows-amd64), const CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT = 6
pkg syscall (windows-amd64), const CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT ideal-int
pkg testing, method (*B) Cleanup(func())
pkg testing, method (*T) Cleanup(func())
pkg testing, type TB interface, Cleanup(func())
pkg unicode, const Version = "12.0.0"
pkg unicode, var Elymaic *RangeTable
pkg unicode, var Nandinagari *RangeTable
pkg unicode, var Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong *RangeTable
pkg unicode, var Wancho *RangeTable

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@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
pkg bufio, var ErrBadReadCount error
pkg crypto, method (Hash) String() string
pkg crypto/ecdsa, func SignASN1(io.Reader, *PrivateKey, []uint8) ([]uint8, error)
pkg crypto/ecdsa, func VerifyASN1(*PublicKey, []uint8, []uint8) bool
pkg crypto/ecdsa, method (*PrivateKey) Equal(crypto.PrivateKey) bool
pkg crypto/ecdsa, method (*PublicKey) Equal(crypto.PublicKey) bool
pkg crypto/ed25519, method (PrivateKey) Equal(crypto.PrivateKey) bool
pkg crypto/ed25519, method (PublicKey) Equal(crypto.PublicKey) bool
pkg crypto/elliptic, func MarshalCompressed(Curve, *big.Int, *big.Int) []uint8
pkg crypto/elliptic, func UnmarshalCompressed(Curve, []uint8) (*big.Int, *big.Int)
pkg crypto/rsa, method (*PrivateKey) Equal(crypto.PrivateKey) bool
pkg crypto/rsa, method (*PublicKey) Equal(crypto.PublicKey) bool
pkg crypto/tls, method (*Dialer) Dial(string, string) (net.Conn, error)
pkg crypto/tls, method (*Dialer) DialContext(context.Context, string, string) (net.Conn, error)
pkg crypto/tls, method (ClientAuthType) String() string
pkg crypto/tls, method (CurveID) String() string
pkg crypto/tls, method (SignatureScheme) String() string
pkg crypto/tls, type Config struct, VerifyConnection func(ConnectionState) error
pkg crypto/tls, type Dialer struct
pkg crypto/tls, type Dialer struct, Config *Config
pkg crypto/tls, type Dialer struct, NetDialer *net.Dialer
pkg crypto/x509, func CreateRevocationList(io.Reader, *RevocationList, *Certificate, crypto.Signer) ([]uint8, error)
pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct
pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, ExtraExtensions []pkix.Extension
pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, NextUpdate time.Time
pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, Number *big.Int
pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, RevokedCertificates []pkix.RevokedCertificate
pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, SignatureAlgorithm SignatureAlgorithm
pkg crypto/x509, type RevocationList struct, ThisUpdate time.Time
pkg database/sql, method (*DB) SetConnMaxIdleTime(time.Duration)
pkg database/sql, method (*Row) Err() error
pkg database/sql, type DBStats struct, MaxIdleTimeClosed int64
pkg database/sql/driver, type Validator interface { IsValid }
pkg database/sql/driver, type Validator interface, IsValid() bool
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_APPCONTAINER = 4096
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_APPCONTAINER ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_DYNAMIC_BASE = 64
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_DYNAMIC_BASE ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_FORCE_INTEGRITY = 128
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_FORCE_INTEGRITY ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_GUARD_CF = 16384
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_GUARD_CF ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_HIGH_ENTROPY_VA = 32
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_HIGH_ENTROPY_VA ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_BIND = 2048
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_BIND ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_ISOLATION = 512
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_ISOLATION ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_SEH = 1024
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_SEH ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NX_COMPAT = 256
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NX_COMPAT ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_TERMINAL_SERVER_AWARE = 32768
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_TERMINAL_SERVER_AWARE ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_WDM_DRIVER = 8192
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_WDM_DRIVER ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_32BIT_MACHINE = 256
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_32BIT_MACHINE ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_AGGRESIVE_WS_TRIM = 16
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_AGGRESIVE_WS_TRIM ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_BYTES_REVERSED_HI = 32768
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_BYTES_REVERSED_HI ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_BYTES_REVERSED_LO = 128
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_BYTES_REVERSED_LO ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_STRIPPED = 512
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_STRIPPED ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_DLL = 8192
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_DLL ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE = 2
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE = 32
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_LINE_NUMS_STRIPPED = 4
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_LINE_NUMS_STRIPPED ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_LOCAL_SYMS_STRIPPED = 8
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_LOCAL_SYMS_STRIPPED ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_NET_RUN_FROM_SWAP = 2048
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_NET_RUN_FROM_SWAP ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_RELOCS_STRIPPED = 1
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_RELOCS_STRIPPED ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_REMOVABLE_RUN_FROM_SWAP = 1024
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_REMOVABLE_RUN_FROM_SWAP ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_SYSTEM = 4096
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_SYSTEM ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_UP_SYSTEM_ONLY = 16384
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_FILE_UP_SYSTEM_ONLY ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_APPLICATION = 10
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_APPLICATION ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_BOOT_SERVICE_DRIVER = 11
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_BOOT_SERVICE_DRIVER ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_ROM = 13
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_ROM ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_RUNTIME_DRIVER = 12
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_RUNTIME_DRIVER ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE = 1
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE_WINDOWS = 8
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE_WINDOWS ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_OS2_CUI = 5
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_OS2_CUI ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_POSIX_CUI = 7
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_POSIX_CUI ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_UNKNOWN = 0
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_UNKNOWN ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_BOOT_APPLICATION = 16
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_BOOT_APPLICATION ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CE_GUI = 9
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CE_GUI ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CUI = 3
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CUI ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_GUI = 2
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_GUI ideal-int
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_XBOX = 14
pkg debug/pe, const IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_XBOX ideal-int
pkg math/big, method (*Int) FillBytes([]uint8) []uint8
pkg net, method (*Resolver) LookupIP(context.Context, string, string) ([]IP, error)
pkg net/url, method (*URL) EscapedFragment() string
pkg net/url, method (*URL) Redacted() string
pkg net/url, type URL struct, RawFragment string
pkg os, method (*File) ReadFrom(io.Reader) (int64, error)
pkg os, var ErrDeadlineExceeded error
pkg regexp, method (*Regexp) SubexpIndex(string) int
pkg strconv, func FormatComplex(complex128, uint8, int, int) string
pkg strconv, func ParseComplex(string, int) (complex128, error)
pkg sync, method (*Map) LoadAndDelete(interface{}) (interface{}, bool)
pkg testing, method (*B) TempDir() string
pkg testing, method (*T) Deadline() (time.Time, bool)
pkg testing, method (*T) TempDir() string
pkg testing, type TB interface, TempDir() string
pkg time, method (*Ticker) Reset(Duration)

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@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
pkg unicode, const Version = "13.0.0"
pkg unicode, var Chorasmian *RangeTable
pkg unicode, var Dives_Akuru *RangeTable
pkg unicode, var Khitan_Small_Script *RangeTable
pkg unicode, var Yezidi *RangeTable
pkg text/template/parse, const NodeComment = 20
pkg text/template/parse, const NodeComment NodeType
pkg text/template/parse, const ParseComments = 1
pkg text/template/parse, const ParseComments Mode
pkg text/template/parse, method (*CommentNode) Copy() Node
pkg text/template/parse, method (*CommentNode) String() string
pkg text/template/parse, method (CommentNode) Position() Pos
pkg text/template/parse, method (CommentNode) Type() NodeType
pkg text/template/parse, type CommentNode struct
pkg text/template/parse, type CommentNode struct, Text string
pkg text/template/parse, type CommentNode struct, embedded NodeType
pkg text/template/parse, type CommentNode struct, embedded Pos
pkg text/template/parse, type Mode uint
pkg text/template/parse, type Tree struct, Mode Mode

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@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ important, the use of the tool itself.</p>
<p>The <code>go</code> command requires that code adheres to a few key,
well-established conventions.</p>
<p>First, the import path is derived in a known way from the URL of the
<p>First, the import path is derived in an known way from the URL of the
source code. For Bitbucket, GitHub, Google Code, and Launchpad, the
root directory of the repository is identified by the repository's
main URL, without the <code>http://</code> prefix. Subdirectories are named by

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@@ -133,11 +133,6 @@ cost of increased memory usage.
<code>halt_on_error</code> (default <code>0</code>): Controls whether the program
exits after reporting first data race.
</li>
<li>
<code>atexit_sleep_ms</code> (default <code>1000</code>): Amount of milliseconds
to sleep in the main goroutine before exiting.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
@@ -379,38 +374,6 @@ func (w *Watchdog) Start() {
}
</pre>
<h3 id="Unsynchronized_send_and_close_operations">Unsynchronized send and close operations</h3>
<p>
As this example demonstrates, unsynchronized send and close operations
on the same channel can also be a race condition:
</p>
<pre>
c := make(chan struct{}) // or buffered channel
// The race detector cannot derive the happens before relation
// for the following send and close operations. These two operations
// are unsynchronized and happen concurrently.
go func() { c <- struct{}{} }()
close(c)
</pre>
<p>
According to the Go memory model, a send on a channel happens before
the corresponding receive from that channel completes. To synchronize
send and close operations, use a receive operation that guarantees
the send is done before the close:
</p>
<pre>
c := make(chan struct{}) // or buffered channel
go func() { c <- struct{}{} }()
<-c
close(c)
</pre>
<h2 id="Supported_Systems">Supported Systems</h2>
<p>
@@ -427,14 +390,3 @@ close(c)
The cost of race detection varies by program, but for a typical program, memory
usage may increase by 5-10x and execution time by 2-20x.
</p>
<p>
The race detector currently allocates an extra 8 bytes per <code>defer</code>
and <code>recover</code> statement. Those extra allocations <a
href="https://golang.org/issue/26813">are not recovered until the goroutine
exits</a>. This means that if you have a long-running goroutine that is
periodically issuing <code>defer</code> and <code>recover</code> calls,
the program memory usage may grow without bound. These memory allocations
will not show up in the output of <code>runtime.ReadMemStats</code> or
<code>runtime/pprof</code>.
</p>

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@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build ignore
package main
import (
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ func getTitle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (string, error) {
m := validPath.FindStringSubmatch(r.URL.Path)
if m == nil {
http.NotFound(w, r)
return "", errors.New("invalid Page Title")
return "", errors.New("Invalid Page Title")
}
return m[2], nil // The title is the second subexpression.
}

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@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build ignore
package main
import (

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@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build ignore
package main
import (

View File

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build ignore
package main
import (

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@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
--- final.go 2017-08-31 13:19:00.422925489 -0700
+++ final-test.go 2017-08-31 13:23:43.381391659 -0700
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
"html/template"
"io/ioutil"
"log"
+ "net"
"net/http"
"regexp"
)
@@ -86,5 +87,15 @@
http.HandleFunc("/edit/", makeHandler(editHandler))
http.HandleFunc("/save/", makeHandler(saveHandler))
- log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
+ l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+ if err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ err = ioutil.WriteFile("final-test-port.txt", []byte(l.Addr().String()), 0644)
+ if err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ s := &http.Server{}
+ s.Serve(l)
+ return
}

View File

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build ignore
package main
import (

View File

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build ignore
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net"
"net/http"
)
func serve() error {
l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println(l.Addr().String())
s := &http.Server{}
return s.Serve(l)
}

63
doc/articles/wiki/get.go Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package main
import (
"flag"
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"net"
"net/http"
"os"
"strings"
"time"
)
var (
post = flag.String("post", "", "urlencoded form data to POST")
addr = flag.Bool("addr", false, "find open address and print to stdout")
wait = flag.Duration("wait_for_port", 0, "if non-zero, the amount of time to wait for the address to become available")
)
func main() {
flag.Parse()
if *addr {
l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer l.Close()
fmt.Print(l.Addr())
return
}
url := flag.Arg(0)
if url == "" {
log.Fatal("no url supplied")
}
var r *http.Response
var err error
loopUntil := time.Now().Add(*wait)
for {
if *post != "" {
b := strings.NewReader(*post)
r, err = http.Post(url, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", b)
} else {
r, err = http.Get(url)
}
if err == nil || *wait == 0 || time.Now().After(loopUntil) {
break
}
time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
}
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer r.Body.Close()
_, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, r.Body)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}

View File

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
module doc/articles/wiki
go 1.14

View File

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
// +build ignore
package main
import (

View File

@@ -257,7 +257,6 @@ To use the <code>net/http</code> package, it must be imported:
import (
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"log"
<b>"net/http"</b>
)
</pre>
@@ -582,7 +581,7 @@ this, we can write a function to validate the title with a regular expression.
<p>
First, add <code>"regexp"</code> to the <code>import</code> list.
Then we can create a global variable to store our validation
Then we can create a global variable to store our validation
expression:
</p>
@@ -675,7 +674,7 @@ The closure returned by <code>makeHandler</code> is a function that takes
an <code>http.ResponseWriter</code> and <code>http.Request</code> (in other
words, an <code>http.HandlerFunc</code>).
The closure extracts the <code>title</code> from the request path, and
validates it with the <code>validPath</code> regexp. If the
validates it with the <code>TitleValidator</code> regexp. If the
<code>title</code> is invalid, an error will be written to the
<code>ResponseWriter</code> using the <code>http.NotFound</code> function.
If the <code>title</code> is valid, the enclosed handler function

View File

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build ignore
package main
import (

View File

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build ignore
package main
import (

View File

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build ignore
package main
import (

View File

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build ignore
package main
import (

View File

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build ignore
package main
import (

View File

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build ignore
package main
import (

58
doc/articles/wiki/test.bash Executable file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
# license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
set -e
if ! which patch > /dev/null; then
echo "Skipping test; patch command not found."
exit 0
fi
wiki_pid=
cleanup() {
kill $wiki_pid
rm -f test_*.out Test.txt final-test.go final-test.bin final-test-port.txt a.out get.bin
}
trap cleanup 0 INT
rm -f get.bin final-test.bin a.out
# If called with -all, check that all code snippets compile.
if [ "$1" = "-all" ]; then
for fn in *.go; do
go build -o a.out $fn
done
fi
go build -o get.bin get.go
cp final.go final-test.go
patch final-test.go final-test.patch > /dev/null
go build -o final-test.bin final-test.go
./final-test.bin &
wiki_pid=$!
l=0
while [ ! -f ./final-test-port.txt ]
do
l=$(($l+1))
if [ "$l" -gt 5 ]
then
echo "port not available within 5 seconds"
exit 1
break
fi
sleep 1
done
addr=$(cat final-test-port.txt)
./get.bin http://$addr/edit/Test > test_edit.out
diff -u test_edit.out test_edit.good
./get.bin -post=body=some%20content http://$addr/save/Test > test_save.out
diff -u test_save.out test_view.good # should be the same as viewing
diff -u Test.txt test_Test.txt.good
./get.bin http://$addr/view/Test > test_view.out
diff -u test_view.out test_view.good
echo PASS

View File

@@ -1,165 +0,0 @@
// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package main_test
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
"os"
"os/exec"
"path/filepath"
"strings"
"testing"
)
func TestSnippetsCompile(t *testing.T) {
if testing.Short() {
t.Skip("skipping slow builds in short mode")
}
goFiles, err := filepath.Glob("*.go")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
for _, f := range goFiles {
if strings.HasSuffix(f, "_test.go") {
continue
}
f := f
t.Run(f, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-o", os.DevNull, f)
out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, out)
}
})
}
}
func TestWikiServer(t *testing.T) {
must := func(err error) {
if err != nil {
t.Helper()
t.Fatal(err)
}
}
dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", t.Name())
must(err)
defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
// We're testing a walkthrough example of how to write a server.
//
// That server hard-codes a port number to make the walkthrough simpler, but
// we can't assume that the hard-coded port is available on an arbitrary
// builder. So we'll patch out the hard-coded port, and replace it with a
// function that writes the server's address to stdout
// so that we can read it and know where to send the test requests.
finalGo, err := ioutil.ReadFile("final.go")
must(err)
const patchOld = `log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))`
patched := bytes.ReplaceAll(finalGo, []byte(patchOld), []byte(`log.Fatal(serve())`))
if bytes.Equal(patched, finalGo) {
t.Fatalf("Can't patch final.go: %q not found.", patchOld)
}
must(ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "final_patched.go"), patched, 0644))
// Build the server binary from the patched sources.
// The 'go' command requires that they all be in the same directory.
// final_test.go provides the implemtation for our serve function.
must(copyFile(filepath.Join(dir, "final_srv.go"), "final_test.go"))
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build",
"-o", filepath.Join(dir, "final.exe"),
filepath.Join(dir, "final_patched.go"),
filepath.Join(dir, "final_srv.go"))
out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, out)
}
// Run the server in our temporary directory so that it can
// write its content there. It also needs a couple of template files,
// and looks for them in the same directory.
must(copyFile(filepath.Join(dir, "edit.html"), "edit.html"))
must(copyFile(filepath.Join(dir, "view.html"), "view.html"))
cmd = exec.Command(filepath.Join(dir, "final.exe"))
cmd.Dir = dir
stderr := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
cmd.Stderr = stderr
stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
must(err)
must(cmd.Start())
defer func() {
cmd.Process.Kill()
err := cmd.Wait()
if stderr.Len() > 0 {
t.Logf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, stderr)
}
}()
var addr string
if _, err := fmt.Fscanln(stdout, &addr); err != nil || addr == "" {
t.Fatalf("Failed to read server address: %v", err)
}
// The server is up and has told us its address.
// Make sure that its HTTP API works as described in the article.
r, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/edit/Test", addr))
must(err)
responseMustMatchFile(t, r, "test_edit.good")
r, err = http.Post(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/save/Test", addr),
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
strings.NewReader("body=some%20content"))
must(err)
responseMustMatchFile(t, r, "test_view.good")
gotTxt, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "Test.txt"))
must(err)
wantTxt, err := ioutil.ReadFile("test_Test.txt.good")
must(err)
if !bytes.Equal(wantTxt, gotTxt) {
t.Fatalf("Test.txt differs from expected after posting to /save.\ngot:\n%s\nwant:\n%s", gotTxt, wantTxt)
}
r, err = http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/view/Test", addr))
must(err)
responseMustMatchFile(t, r, "test_view.good")
}
func responseMustMatchFile(t *testing.T, r *http.Response, filename string) {
t.Helper()
defer r.Body.Close()
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
wantBody, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if !bytes.Equal(body, wantBody) {
t.Fatalf("%v: body does not match %s.\ngot:\n%s\nwant:\n%s", r.Request.URL, filename, body, wantBody)
}
}
func copyFile(dst, src string) error {
buf, err := ioutil.ReadFile(src)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return ioutil.WriteFile(dst, buf, 0644)
}

View File

@@ -437,31 +437,6 @@ This is a wrapper function and should not count as disabling <code>recover</code
(For <code>TEXT</code> items.)
This function is a closure so it uses its incoming context register.
</li>
<li>
<code>LOCAL</code> = 128
<br>
This symbol is local to the dynamic shared object.
</li>
<li>
<code>TLSBSS</code> = 256
<br>
(For <code>DATA</code> and <code>GLOBL</code> items.)
Put this data in thread local storage.
</li>
<li>
<code>NOFRAME</code> = 512
<br>
(For <code>TEXT</code> items.)
Do not insert instructions to allocate a stack frame and save/restore the return
address, even if this is not a leaf function.
Only valid on functions that declare a frame size of 0.
</li>
<li>
<code>TOPFRAME</code> = 2048
<br>
(For <code>TEXT</code> items.)
Function is the top of the call stack. Traceback should stop at this function.
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="runtime">Runtime Coordination</h3>
@@ -687,13 +662,6 @@ MOVQ g(CX), AX // Move g into AX.
MOVQ g_m(AX), BX // Move g.m into BX.
</pre>
<p>
Register <code>BP</code> is callee-save.
The assembler automatically inserts <code>BP</code> save/restore when frame size is larger than zero.
Using <code>BP</code> as a general purpose register is allowed,
however it can interfere with sampling-based profiling.
</p>
<h3 id="arm">ARM</h3>
<p>
@@ -864,16 +832,27 @@ The other extensions include <code>SXTH</code> (16-bit), <code>SXTW</code> (32-b
Reference: <a href="/pkg/cmd/internal/obj/arm64">Go ARM64 Assembly Instructions Reference Manual</a>
</p>
<h3 id="ppc64">PPC64</h3>
<h3 id="ppc64">64-bit PowerPC, a.k.a. ppc64</h3>
<p>
This assembler is used by GOARCH values ppc64 and ppc64le.
The 64-bit PowerPC port is in an experimental state.
</p>
<p>
Reference: <a href="/pkg/cmd/internal/obj/ppc64">Go PPC64 Assembly Instructions Reference Manual</a>
Addressing modes:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<code>(R5)(R6*1)</code>: The location at <code>R5</code> plus <code>R6</code>. It is a scaled
mode as on the x86, but the only scale allowed is <code>1</code>.
</li>
<li>
<code>(R5+R6)</code>: Alias for (R5)(R6*1)
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="s390x">IBM z/Architecture, a.k.a. s390x</h3>

View File

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ The <code>go</code> program manages Go source code and runs the other
commands listed here.
See the command docs for usage
details.
<br><br>
</td>
</tr>

648
doc/code.html Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,648 @@
<!--{
"Title": "How to Write Go Code"
}-->
<h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2>
<p>
This document demonstrates the development of a simple Go package and
introduces the <a href="/cmd/go/">go tool</a>, the standard way to fetch,
build, and install Go packages and commands.
</p>
<p>
The <code>go</code> tool requires you to organize your code in a specific
way. Please read this document carefully.
It explains the simplest way to get up and running with your Go installation.
</p>
<p>
A similar explanation is available as a
<a href="//www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCsL89YtqCs">screencast</a>.
</p>
<h2 id="Organization">Code organization</h2>
<h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3>
<ul>
<li>Go programmers typically keep all their Go code in a single <i>workspace</i>.</li>
<li>A workspace contains many version control <i>repositories</i>
(managed by Git, for example).</li>
<li>Each repository contains one or more <i>packages</i>.</li>
<li>Each package consists of one or more Go source files in a single directory.</li>
<li>The path to a package's directory determines its <i>import path</i>.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Note that this differs from other programming environments in which every
project has a separate workspace and workspaces are closely tied to version
control repositories.
</p>
<h3 id="Workspaces">Workspaces</h3>
<p>
A workspace is a directory hierarchy with two directories at its root:
</p>
<ul>
<li><code>src</code> contains Go source files, and
<li><code>bin</code> contains executable commands.
</ul>
<p>
The <code>go</code> tool builds and installs binaries to the <code>bin</code> directory.
</p>
<p>
The <code>src</code> subdirectory typically contains multiple version control
repositories (such as for Git or Mercurial) that track the development of one
or more source packages.
</p>
<p>
To give you an idea of how a workspace looks in practice, here's an example:
</p>
<pre>
bin/
hello # command executable
outyet # command executable
src/
<a href="https://github.com/golang/example/">github.com/golang/example/</a>
.git/ # Git repository metadata
hello/
hello.go # command source
outyet/
main.go # command source
main_test.go # test source
stringutil/
reverse.go # package source
reverse_test.go # test source
<a href="https://golang.org/x/image/">golang.org/x/image/</a>
.git/ # Git repository metadata
bmp/
reader.go # package source
writer.go # package source
... (many more repositories and packages omitted) ...
</pre>
<p>
The tree above shows a workspace containing two repositories
(<code>example</code> and <code>image</code>).
The <code>example</code> repository contains two commands (<code>hello</code>
and <code>outyet</code>) and one library (<code>stringutil</code>).
The <code>image</code> repository contains the <code>bmp</code> package
and <a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/image">several others</a>.
</p>
<p>
A typical workspace contains many source repositories containing many
packages and commands. Most Go programmers keep <i>all</i> their Go source code
and dependencies in a single workspace.
</p>
<p>
Note that symbolic links should <b>not</b> be used to link files or directories into your workspace.
</p>
<p>
Commands and libraries are built from different kinds of source packages.
We will discuss the distinction <a href="#PackageNames">later</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="GOPATH">The <code>GOPATH</code> environment variable</h3>
<p>
The <code>GOPATH</code> environment variable specifies the location of your
workspace. It defaults to a directory named <code>go</code> inside your home directory,
so <code>$HOME/go</code> on Unix,
<code>$home/go</code> on Plan 9,
and <code>%USERPROFILE%\go</code> (usually <code>C:\Users\YourName\go</code>) on Windows.
</p>
<p>
If you would like to work in a different location, you will need to
<a href="https://golang.org/wiki/SettingGOPATH">set <code>GOPATH</code></a>
to the path to that directory.
(Another common setup is to set <code>GOPATH=$HOME</code>.)
Note that <code>GOPATH</code> must <b>not</b> be the
same path as your Go installation.
</p>
<p>
The command <code>go</code> <code>env</code> <code>GOPATH</code>
prints the effective current <code>GOPATH</code>;
it prints the default location if the environment variable is unset.
</p>
<p>
For convenience, add the workspace's <code>bin</code> subdirectory
to your <code>PATH</code>:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>export PATH=$PATH:$(go env GOPATH)/bin</b>
</pre>
<p>
The scripts in the rest of this document use <code>$GOPATH</code>
instead of <code>$(go env GOPATH)</code> for brevity.
To make the scripts run as written
if you have not set GOPATH,
you can substitute $HOME/go in those commands
or else run:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>export GOPATH=$(go env GOPATH)</b>
</pre>
<p>
To learn more about the <code>GOPATH</code> environment variable, see
<a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-GOPATH_environment_variable"><code>'go help gopath'</code></a>.
</p>
<p>
To use a custom workspace location,
<a href="https://golang.org/wiki/SettingGOPATH">set the <code>GOPATH</code> environment variable</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="ImportPaths">Import paths</h3>
<p>
An <i>import path</i> is a string that uniquely identifies a package.
A package's import path corresponds to its location inside a workspace
or in a remote repository (explained below).
</p>
<p>
The packages from the standard library are given short import paths such as
<code>"fmt"</code> and <code>"net/http"</code>.
For your own packages, you must choose a base path that is unlikely to
collide with future additions to the standard library or other external
libraries.
</p>
<p>
If you keep your code in a source repository somewhere, then you should use the
root of that source repository as your base path.
For instance, if you have a <a href="https://github.com/">GitHub</a> account at
<code>github.com/user</code>, that should be your base path.
</p>
<p>
Note that you don't need to publish your code to a remote repository before you
can build it. It's just a good habit to organize your code as if you will
publish it someday. In practice you can choose any arbitrary path name,
as long as it is unique to the standard library and greater Go ecosystem.
</p>
<p>
We'll use <code>github.com/user</code> as our base path. Create a directory
inside your workspace in which to keep source code:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/user</b>
</pre>
<h3 id="Command">Your first program</h3>
<p>
To compile and run a simple program, first choose a package path (we'll use
<code>github.com/user/hello</code>) and create a corresponding package directory
inside your workspace:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>mkdir $GOPATH/src/github.com/user/hello</b>
</pre>
<p>
Next, create a file named <code>hello.go</code> inside that directory,
containing the following Go code.
</p>
<pre>
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("Hello, world.")
}
</pre>
<p>
Now you can build and install that program with the <code>go</code> tool:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>go install github.com/user/hello</b>
</pre>
<p>
Note that you can run this command from anywhere on your system. The
<code>go</code> tool finds the source code by looking for the
<code>github.com/user/hello</code> package inside the workspace specified by
<code>GOPATH</code>.
</p>
<p>
You can also omit the package path if you run <code>go install</code> from the
package directory:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/user/hello</b>
$ <b>go install</b>
</pre>
<p>
This command builds the <code>hello</code> command, producing an executable
binary. It then installs that binary to the workspace's <code>bin</code>
directory as <code>hello</code> (or, under Windows, <code>hello.exe</code>).
In our example, that will be <code>$GOPATH/bin/hello</code>, which is
<code>$HOME/go/bin/hello</code>.
</p>
<p>
The <code>go</code> tool will only print output when an error occurs, so if
these commands produce no output they have executed successfully.
</p>
<p>
You can now run the program by typing its full path at the command line:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>$GOPATH/bin/hello</b>
Hello, world.
</pre>
<p>
Or, as you have added <code>$GOPATH/bin</code> to your <code>PATH</code>,
just type the binary name:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>hello</b>
Hello, world.
</pre>
<p>
If you're using a source control system, now would be a good time to initialize
a repository, add the files, and commit your first change. Again, this step is
optional: you do not need to use source control to write Go code.
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/user/hello</b>
$ <b>git init</b>
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/user/go/src/github.com/user/hello/.git/
$ <b>git add hello.go</b>
$ <b>git commit -m "initial commit"</b>
[master (root-commit) 0b4507d] initial commit
1 file changed, 7 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 hello.go
</pre>
<p>
Pushing the code to a remote repository is left as an exercise for the reader.
</p>
<h3 id="Library">Your first library</h3>
<p>
Let's write a library and use it from the <code>hello</code> program.
</p>
<p>
Again, the first step is to choose a package path (we'll use
<code>github.com/user/stringutil</code>) and create the package directory:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>mkdir $GOPATH/src/github.com/user/stringutil</b>
</pre>
<p>
Next, create a file named <code>reverse.go</code> in that directory with the
following contents.
</p>
<pre>
// Package stringutil contains utility functions for working with strings.
package stringutil
// Reverse returns its argument string reversed rune-wise left to right.
func Reverse(s string) string {
r := []rune(s)
for i, j := 0, len(r)-1; i &lt; len(r)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
r[i], r[j] = r[j], r[i]
}
return string(r)
}
</pre>
<p>
Now, test that the package compiles with <code>go build</code>:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>go build github.com/user/stringutil</b>
</pre>
<p>
Or, if you are working in the package's source directory, just:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>go build</b>
</pre>
<p>
This won't produce an output file.
Instead it saves the compiled package in the local build cache.
</p>
<p>
After confirming that the <code>stringutil</code> package builds,
modify your original <code>hello.go</code> (which is in
<code>$GOPATH/src/github.com/user/hello</code>) to use it:
</p>
<pre>
package main
import (
"fmt"
<b>"github.com/user/stringutil"</b>
)
func main() {
fmt.Println(stringutil.Reverse("!oG ,olleH"))
}
</pre>
<p>
Install the <code>hello</code> program:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>go install github.com/user/hello</b>
</pre>
<p>
Running the new version of the program, you should see a new, reversed message:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>hello</b>
Hello, Go!
</pre>
<p>
After the steps above, your workspace should look like this:
</p>
<pre>
bin/
hello # command executable
src/
github.com/user/
hello/
hello.go # command source
stringutil/
reverse.go # package source
</pre>
<h3 id="PackageNames">Package names</h3>
<p>
The first statement in a Go source file must be
</p>
<pre>
package <i>name</i>
</pre>
<p>
where <code><i>name</i></code> is the package's default name for imports.
(All files in a package must use the same <code><i>name</i></code>.)
</p>
<p>
Go's convention is that the package name is the last element of the
import path: the package imported as "<code>crypto/rot13</code>"
should be named <code>rot13</code>.
</p>
<p>
Executable commands must always use <code>package main</code>.
</p>
<p>
There is no requirement that package names be unique
across all packages linked into a single binary,
only that the import paths (their full file names) be unique.
</p>
<p>
See <a href="/doc/effective_go.html#names">Effective Go</a> to learn more about
Go's naming conventions.
</p>
<h2 id="Testing">Testing</h2>
<p>
Go has a lightweight test framework composed of the <code>go test</code>
command and the <code>testing</code> package.
</p>
<p>
You write a test by creating a file with a name ending in <code>_test.go</code>
that contains functions named <code>TestXXX</code> with signature
<code>func (t *testing.T)</code>.
The test framework runs each such function;
if the function calls a failure function such as <code>t.Error</code> or
<code>t.Fail</code>, the test is considered to have failed.
</p>
<p>
Add a test to the <code>stringutil</code> package by creating the file
<code>$GOPATH/src/github.com/user/stringutil/reverse_test.go</code> containing
the following Go code.
</p>
<pre>
package stringutil
import "testing"
func TestReverse(t *testing.T) {
cases := []struct {
in, want string
}{
{"Hello, world", "dlrow ,olleH"},
{"Hello, 世界", "界世 ,olleH"},
{"", ""},
}
for _, c := range cases {
got := Reverse(c.in)
if got != c.want {
t.Errorf("Reverse(%q) == %q, want %q", c.in, got, c.want)
}
}
}
</pre>
<p>
Then run the test with <code>go test</code>:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>go test github.com/user/stringutil</b>
ok github.com/user/stringutil 0.165s
</pre>
<p>
As always, if you are running the <code>go</code> tool from the package
directory, you can omit the package path:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>go test</b>
ok github.com/user/stringutil 0.165s
</pre>
<p>
Run <code><a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Test_packages">go help test</a></code> and see the
<a href="/pkg/testing/">testing package documentation</a> for more detail.
</p>
<h2 id="remote">Remote packages</h2>
<p>
An import path can describe how to obtain the package source code using a
revision control system such as Git or Mercurial. The <code>go</code> tool uses
this property to automatically fetch packages from remote repositories.
For instance, the examples described in this document are also kept in a
Git repository hosted at GitHub
<code><a href="https://github.com/golang/example">github.com/golang/example</a></code>.
If you include the repository URL in the package's import path,
<code>go get</code> will fetch, build, and install it automatically:
</p>
<pre>
$ <b>go get github.com/golang/example/hello</b>
$ <b>$GOPATH/bin/hello</b>
Hello, Go examples!
</pre>
<p>
If the specified package is not present in a workspace, <code>go get</code>
will place it inside the first workspace specified by <code>GOPATH</code>.
(If the package does already exist, <code>go get</code> skips the remote
fetch and behaves the same as <code>go install</code>.)
</p>
<p>
After issuing the above <code>go get</code> command, the workspace directory
tree should now look like this:
</p>
<pre>
bin/
hello # command executable
src/
github.com/golang/example/
.git/ # Git repository metadata
hello/
hello.go # command source
stringutil/
reverse.go # package source
reverse_test.go # test source
github.com/user/
hello/
hello.go # command source
stringutil/
reverse.go # package source
reverse_test.go # test source
</pre>
<p>
The <code>hello</code> command hosted at GitHub depends on the
<code>stringutil</code> package within the same repository. The imports in
<code>hello.go</code> file use the same import path convention, so the
<code>go get</code> command is able to locate and install the dependent
package, too.
</p>
<pre>
import "github.com/golang/example/stringutil"
</pre>
<p>
This convention is the easiest way to make your Go packages available for
others to use.
The <a href="//golang.org/wiki/Projects">Go Wiki</a>
and <a href="//godoc.org/">godoc.org</a>
provide lists of external Go projects.
</p>
<p>
For more information on using remote repositories with the <code>go</code> tool, see
<code><a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Remote_import_paths">go help importpath</a></code>.
</p>
<h2 id="next">What's next</h2>
<p>
Subscribe to the
<a href="//groups.google.com/group/golang-announce">golang-announce</a>
mailing list to be notified when a new stable version of Go is released.
</p>
<p>
See <a href="/doc/effective_go.html">Effective Go</a> for tips on writing
clear, idiomatic Go code.
</p>
<p>
Take <a href="//tour.golang.org/">A Tour of Go</a> to learn the language
proper.
</p>
<p>
Visit the <a href="/doc/#articles">documentation page</a> for a set of in-depth
articles about the Go language and its libraries and tools.
</p>
<h2 id="help">Getting help</h2>
<p>
For real-time help, ask the helpful gophers in <code>#go-nuts</code> on the
<a href="https://freenode.net/">Freenode</a> IRC server.
</p>
<p>
The official mailing list for discussion of the Go language is
<a href="//groups.google.com/group/golang-nuts">Go Nuts</a>.
</p>
<p>
Report bugs using the
<a href="//golang.org/issue">Go issue tracker</a>.
</p>

View File

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package main_test
import (
"bytes"
"os"
"os/exec"
"strings"
"testing"
)
// TestMarkov tests the code dependency of markov.xml.
func TestMarkov(t *testing.T) {
cmd := exec.Command("go", "run", "markov.go")
cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader("foo")
cmd.Stderr = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
out, err := cmd.Output()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, cmd.Stderr)
}
if !bytes.Equal(out, []byte("foo\n")) {
t.Fatalf(`%s with input "foo" did not output "foo":\n%s`, strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), out)
}
}
// TestPig tests the code dependency of functions.xml.
func TestPig(t *testing.T) {
cmd := exec.Command("go", "run", "pig.go")
cmd.Stderr = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
out, err := cmd.Output()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, cmd.Stderr)
}
const want = "Wins, losses staying at k = 100: 210/990 (21.2%), 780/990 (78.8%)\n"
if !bytes.Contains(out, []byte(want)) {
t.Fatalf(`%s: unexpected output\ngot:\n%s\nwant output containing:\n%s`, strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), out, want)
}
}
// TestURLPoll tests the code dependency of sharemem.xml.
func TestURLPoll(t *testing.T) {
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-o", os.DevNull, "urlpoll.go")
out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("%s: %v\n%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), err, out)
}
}

21
doc/codewalk/run Executable file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright 2013 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
# license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
set -e
function fail {
echo FAIL: doc/codewalk/$1
exit 1
}
# markov.xml
echo foo | go run markov.go | grep foo > /dev/null || fail markov
# functions.xml
go run pig.go | grep 'Wins, losses staying at k = 100: 210/990 (21.2%), 780/990 (78.8%)' > /dev/null || fail pig
# sharemem.xml: only build the example, as it uses the network
go build urlpoll.go || fail urlpoll
rm -f urlpoll

211
doc/conduct.html Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
<!--{
"Title": "Go Community Code of Conduct",
"Path": "/conduct",
"Template": true
}-->
<style>
ul {
max-width: 800px;
}
ul ul {
margin: 0 0 5px;
}
</style>
<h2 id="about">About</h2>
<p>
Online communities include people from many different backgrounds.
The Go contributors are committed to providing a friendly, safe and welcoming
environment for all, regardless of gender identity and expression, sexual orientation,
disabilities, neurodiversity, physical appearance, body size, ethnicity, nationality,
race, age, religion, or similar personal characteristics.
</p>
<p>
The first goal of the Code of Conduct is to specify a baseline standard
of behavior so that people with different social values and communication
styles can talk about Go effectively, productively, and respectfully.
</p>
<p>
The second goal is to provide a mechanism for resolving conflicts in the
community when they arise.
</p>
<p>
The third goal of the Code of Conduct is to make our community welcoming to
people from different backgrounds.
Diversity is critical to the project; for Go to be successful, it needs
contributors and users from all backgrounds.
(See <a href="https://blog.golang.org/open-source">Go, Open Source, Community</a>.)
</p>
<p>
We believe that healthy debate and disagreement are essential to a healthy project and community.
However, it is never ok to be disrespectful.
We value diverse opinions, but we value respectful behavior more.
</p>
<h2 id="values">Gopher values</h2>
<p>
These are the values to which people in the Go community (“Gophers”) should aspire.
</p>
<ul>
<li>Be friendly and welcoming
<li>Be patient
<ul>
<li>Remember that people have varying communication styles and that not
everyone is using their native language.
(Meaning and tone can be lost in translation.)
</ul>
<li>Be thoughtful
<ul>
<li>Productive communication requires effort.
Think about how your words will be interpreted.
<li>Remember that sometimes it is best to refrain entirely from commenting.
</ul>
<li>Be respectful
<ul>
<li>In particular, respect differences of opinion.
</ul>
<li>Be charitable
<ul>
<li>Interpret the arguments of others in good faith, do not seek to disagree.
<li>When we do disagree, try to understand why.
</ul>
<li>Avoid destructive behavior:
<ul>
<li>Derailing: stay on topic; if you want to talk about something else,
start a new conversation.
<li>Unconstructive criticism: don't merely decry the current state of affairs;
offer—or at least solicit—suggestions as to how things may be improved.
<li>Snarking (pithy, unproductive, sniping comments)
<li>Discussing potentially offensive or sensitive issues;
this all too often leads to unnecessary conflict.
<li>Microaggressions: brief and commonplace verbal, behavioral and
environmental indignities that communicate hostile, derogatory or negative
slights and insults to a person or group.
</ul>
</ul>
<p>
People are complicated.
You should expect to be misunderstood and to misunderstand others;
when this inevitably occurs, resist the urge to be defensive or assign blame.
Try not to take offense where no offense was intended.
Give people the benefit of the doubt.
Even if the intent was to provoke, do not rise to it.
It is the responsibility of <i>all parties</i> to de-escalate conflict when it arises.
</p>
<h2 id="code">Code of Conduct</h2>
<h3 id="our-pledge">Our Pledge</h3>
<p>In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as
contributors and maintainers pledge to making participation in our project and
our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
size, disability, ethnicity, gender identity and expression, level of
experience, education, socio-economic status, nationality, personal appearance,
race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.</p>
<h3 id="our-standards">Our Standards</h3>
<p>Examples of behavior that contributes to creating a positive environment
include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Using welcoming and inclusive language</li>
<li>Being respectful of differing viewpoints and experiences</li>
<li>Gracefully accepting constructive criticism</li>
<li>Focusing on what is best for the community</li>
<li>Showing empathy towards other community members</li>
</ul>
<p>Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:</p>
<ul>
<li>The use of sexualized language or imagery and unwelcome sexual attention or
advances</li>
<li>Trolling, insulting/derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks</li>
<li>Public or private harassment</li>
<li>Publishing others&rsquo; private information, such as a physical or electronic
address, without explicit permission</li>
<li>Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
professional setting</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="our-responsibilities">Our Responsibilities</h3>
<p>Project maintainers are responsible for clarifying the standards of acceptable
behavior and are expected to take appropriate and fair corrective action in
response to any instances of unacceptable behavior.</p>
<p>Project maintainers have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are
not aligned to this Code of Conduct, or to ban temporarily or permanently any
contributor for other behaviors that they deem inappropriate, threatening,
offensive, or harmful.</p>
<h3 id="scope">Scope</h3>
<p>This Code of Conduct applies both within project spaces and in public spaces
when an individual is representing the project or its community. Examples of
representing a project or community include using an official project e-mail
address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
representative at an online or offline event. Representation of a project may be
further defined and clarified by project maintainers.</p>
<p>This Code of Conduct also applies outside the project spaces when the Project
Steward has a reasonable belief that an individual&rsquo;s behavior may have a
negative impact on the project or its community.</p>
<h3 id="conflict-resolution"></a>Conflict Resolution</h3>
<p>We do not believe that all conflict is bad; healthy debate and disagreement
often yield positive results. However, it is never okay to be disrespectful or
to engage in behavior that violates the projects code of conduct.</p>
<p>If you see someone violating the code of conduct, you are encouraged to address
the behavior directly with those involved. Many issues can be resolved quickly
and easily, and this gives people more control over the outcome of their
dispute. If you are unable to resolve the matter for any reason, or if the
behavior is threatening or harassing, report it. We are dedicated to providing
an environment where participants feel welcome and safe.</p>
<p id="reporting">Reports should be directed to Cassandra Salisbury, the
Go Project Steward, at <i>conduct@golang.org</i>.
It is the Project Stewards duty to
receive and address reported violations of the code of conduct. They will then
work with a committee consisting of representatives from the Open Source
Programs Office and the Google Open Source Strategy team. If for any reason you
are uncomfortable reaching out the Project Steward, please email
the Google Open Source Programs Office at <i>opensource@google.com</i>.</p>
<p>We will investigate every complaint, but you may not receive a direct response.
We will use our discretion in determining when and how to follow up on reported
incidents, which may range from not taking action to permanent expulsion from
the project and project-sponsored spaces. We will notify the accused of the
report and provide them an opportunity to discuss it before any action is taken.
The identity of the reporter will be omitted from the details of the report
supplied to the accused. In potentially harmful situations, such as ongoing
harassment or threats to anyone&rsquo;s safety, we may take action without notice.</p>
<h3 id="attribution">Attribution</h3>
<p>This Code of Conduct is adapted from the Contributor Covenant, version 1.4,
available at
<a href="https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct.html">https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct.html</a></p>
<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>
<ul>
<li>Treat everyone with respect and kindness.
<li>Be thoughtful in how you communicate.
<li>Dont be destructive or inflammatory.
<li>If you encounter an issue, please mail <a href="mailto:conduct@golang.org">conduct@golang.org</a>.
</ul>

131
doc/contrib.html Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
<!--{
"Title": "The Go Project",
"Path": "/project/"
}-->
<img class="gopher" src="/doc/gopher/project.png" />
<div id="manual-nav"></div>
<p>
Go is an open source project developed by a team at
<a href="//google.com/">Google</a> and many
<a href="/CONTRIBUTORS">contributors</a> from the open source community.
</p>
<p>
Go is distributed under a <a href="/LICENSE">BSD-style license</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="announce"><a href="//groups.google.com/group/golang-announce">Announcements Mailing List</a></h3>
<p>
A low traffic mailing list for important announcements, such as new releases.
</p>
<p>
We encourage all Go users to subscribe to
<a href="//groups.google.com/group/golang-announce">golang-announce</a>.
</p>
<h2 id="go1">Version history</h2>
<h3 id="release"><a href="/doc/devel/release.html">Release History</a></h3>
<p>A <a href="/doc/devel/release.html">summary</a> of the changes between Go releases. Notes for the major releases:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/doc/go1.12">Go 1.12</a> <small>(February 2019)</small></li>
<li><a href="/doc/go1.11">Go 1.11</a> <small>(August 2018)</small></li>
<li><a href="/doc/go1.10">Go 1.10</a> <small>(February 2018)</small></li>
<li><a href="/doc/go1.9">Go 1.9</a> <small>(August 2017)</small></li>
<li><a href="/doc/go1.8">Go 1.8</a> <small>(February 2017)</small></li>
<li><a href="/doc/go1.7">Go 1.7</a> <small>(August 2016)</small></li>
<li><a href="/doc/go1.6">Go 1.6</a> <small>(February 2016)</small></li>
<li><a href="/doc/go1.5">Go 1.5</a> <small>(August 2015)</small></li>
<li><a href="/doc/go1.4">Go 1.4</a> <small>(December 2014)</small></li>
<li><a href="/doc/go1.3">Go 1.3</a> <small>(June 2014)</small></li>
<li><a href="/doc/go1.2">Go 1.2</a> <small>(December 2013)</small></li>
<li><a href="/doc/go1.1">Go 1.1</a> <small>(May 2013)</small></li>
<li><a href="/doc/go1">Go 1</a> <small>(March 2012)</small></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="go1compat"><a href="/doc/go1compat">Go 1 and the Future of Go Programs</a></h3>
<p>
What Go 1 defines and the backwards-compatibility guarantees one can expect as
Go 1 matures.
</p>
<h2 id="resources">Developer Resources</h2>
<h3 id="source"><a href="https://golang.org/change">Source Code</a></h3>
<p>Check out the Go source code.</p>
<h3 id="discuss"><a href="//groups.google.com/group/golang-nuts">Discussion Mailing List</a></h3>
<p>
A mailing list for general discussion of Go programming.
</p>
<p>
Questions about using Go or announcements relevant to other Go users should be sent to
<a href="//groups.google.com/group/golang-nuts">golang-nuts</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="golang-dev"><a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-dev">Developer</a> and
<a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-codereviews">Code Review Mailing List</a></h3>
<p>The <a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-dev">golang-dev</a>
mailing list is for discussing code changes to the Go project.
The <a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-codereviews">golang-codereviews</a>
mailing list is for actual reviewing of the code changes (CLs).</p>
<h3 id="golang-checkins"><a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-checkins">Checkins Mailing List</a></h3>
<p>A mailing list that receives a message summarizing each checkin to the Go repository.</p>
<h3 id="build_status"><a href="//build.golang.org/">Build Status</a></h3>
<p>View the status of Go builds across the supported operating
systems and architectures.</p>
<h2 id="howto">How you can help</h2>
<h3><a href="//golang.org/issue">Reporting issues</a></h3>
<p>
If you spot bugs, mistakes, or inconsistencies in the Go project's code or
documentation, please let us know by
<a href="//golang.org/issue/new">filing a ticket</a>
on our <a href="//golang.org/issue">issue tracker</a>.
(Of course, you should check it's not an existing issue before creating
a new one.)
</p>
<p>
We pride ourselves on being meticulous; no issue is too small.
</p>
<p>
Security-related issues should be reported to
<a href="mailto:security@golang.org">security@golang.org</a>.<br>
See the <a href="/security">security policy</a> for more details.
</p>
<p>
Community-related issues should be reported to
<a href="mailto:conduct@golang.org">conduct@golang.org</a>.<br>
See the <a href="/conduct">Code of Conduct</a> for more details.
</p>
<h3><a href="/doc/contribute.html">Contributing code</a></h3>
<p>
Go is an open source project and we welcome contributions from the community.
</p>
<p>
To get started, read these <a href="/doc/contribute.html">contribution
guidelines</a> for information on design, testing, and our code review process.
</p>
<p>
Check <a href="//golang.org/issue">the tracker</a> for
open issues that interest you. Those labeled
<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22">help wanted</a>
are particularly in need of outside help.
</p>

View File

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ The main Go repository is located at
a Git server hosted by Google.
Authentication on the web server is made through your Google account, but
you also need to configure <code>git</code> on your computer to access it.
Follow these steps:
Follow this steps:
</p>
<ol>
@@ -263,24 +263,6 @@ a new issue</a> or by claiming
an <a href="https://golang.org/issues">existing one</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="where">Where to contribute</h3>
<p>
The Go project consists of the main
<a href="https://go.googlesource.com/go">go</a> repository, which contains the
source code for the Go language, as well as many golang.org/x/... repostories.
These contain the various tools and infrastructure that support Go. For
example, <a href="https://go.googlesource.com/pkgsite">golang.org/x/pkgsite</a>
is for <a href="https://pkg.go.dev">pkg.go.dev</a>,
<a href="https://go.googlesource.com/playground">golang.org/x/playground</a>
is for the Go playground, and
<a href="https://go.googlesource.com/tools">golang.org/x/tools</a> contains
a variety of Go tools, including the Go language server,
<a href="https://golang.org/s/gopls">gopls</a>. You can see a
list of all the golang.org/x/... repositories on
<a href="https://go.googlesource.com">go.googlesource.com</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="check_tracker">Check the issue tracker</h3>
<p>
@@ -290,13 +272,6 @@ always the first place to go.
Issues are triaged to categorize them and manage the workflow.
</p>
<p>
The majority of the golang.org/x/... repos also use the main Go
issue tracker. However, a few of these repositories manage their issues
separately, so please be sure to check the right tracker for the repository to
which you would like to contribute.
</p>
<p>
Most issues will be marked with one of the following workflow labels:
</p>
@@ -310,7 +285,7 @@ Most issues will be marked with one of the following workflow labels:
<b>NeedsDecision</b>: the issue is relatively well understood, but the
Go team hasn't yet decided the best way to address it.
It would be better to wait for a decision before writing code.
If you are interested in working on an issue in this state,
If you are interested on working on an issue in this state,
feel free to "ping" maintainers in the issue's comments
if some time has passed without a decision.
</li>
@@ -354,16 +329,11 @@ the code review tool is not the place for high-level discussions.
<p>
When planning work, please note that the Go project follows a <a
href="https://golang.org/wiki/Go-Release-Cycle">six-month development cycle</a>
for the main Go repository. The latter half of each cycle is a three-month
feature freeze during which only bug fixes and documentation updates are
accepted. New contributions can be sent during a feature freeze, but they will
not be merged until the freeze is over. The freeze applies to the entire main
repository as well as to the code in golang.org/x/... repositories that is
needed to build the binaries included in the release. See the lists of packages
vendored into
<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/vendor/modules.txt">the standard library</a>
and the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/cmd/vendor/modules.txt"><code>go</code> command</a>.
href="https://golang.org/wiki/Go-Release-Cycle">six-month development cycle</a>.
The latter half of each cycle is a three-month feature freeze during
which only bug fixes and documentation updates are accepted.
New contributions can be sent during a feature freeze, but they will
not be merged until the freeze is over.
</p>
<p>
@@ -438,29 +408,13 @@ This is an overview of the overall process:
<ul>
<li>
<b>Step 1:</b> Clone the source code from <code>go.googlesource.com</code> and
make sure it's stable by compiling and testing it once.
<p>If you're making a change to the
<a href="https://go.googlesource.com/go">main Go repository</a>:</p>
<b>Step 1:</b> Clone the Go source code from <code>go.googlesource.com</code>
and make sure it's stable by compiling and testing it once:
<pre>
$ git clone https://go.googlesource.com/go
$ cd go/src
$ ./all.bash # compile and test
</pre>
<p>
If you're making a change to one of the golang.org/x/... repositories
(<a href="https://go.googlesource.com/tools">golang.org/x/tools</a>,
in this example):
</p>
<pre>
$ git clone https://go.googlesource.com/tools
$ cd tools
$ go test ./... # compile and test
</pre>
</li>
<li>
@@ -480,18 +434,10 @@ $ [etc.]
</li>
<li>
<b>Step 3:</b> Test your changes, either by running the tests in the package
you edited or by re-running <code>all.bash</code>.
<p>In the main Go repository:</p>
<b>Step 3:</b> Test your changes, re-running <code>all.bash</code>.
<pre>
$ ./all.bash # recompile and test
</pre>
<p>In a golang.org/x/... repository:</p>
<pre>
$ go test ./... # recompile and test
</pre>
</li>
<li>
@@ -519,7 +465,7 @@ The rest of this section describes these steps in more detail.
</p>
<h3 id="checkout_go">Step 1: Clone the source code</h3>
<h3 id="checkout_go">Step 1: Clone the Go source code</h3>
<p>
In addition to a recent Go installation, you need to have a local copy of the source
@@ -529,19 +475,11 @@ you want as long as it's outside your <code>GOPATH</code>.
Clone from <code>go.googlesource.com</code> (not GitHub):
</p>
<p>Main Go repository:</p>
<pre>
$ git clone https://go.googlesource.com/go
$ cd go
</pre>
<p>golang.org/x/... repository</p>
(<a href="https://go.googlesource.com/tools">golang.org/x/tools</a> in this example):
<pre>
$ git clone https://go.googlesource.com/tools
$ cd tools
</pre>
<h3 id="make_branch">Step 2: Prepare changes in a new branch</h3>
<p>
@@ -605,20 +543,18 @@ into a single one.
<p>
You've <a href="code.html">written and tested your code</a>, but
before sending code out for review, run <i>all the tests for the whole
tree</i> to make sure the changes don't break other packages or programs.
tree</i> to make sure the changes don't break other packages or programs:
</p>
<h4 id="test-gorepo">In the main Go repository</h4>
<p>This can be done by running <code>all.bash</code>:</p>
<pre>
$ cd go/src
$ ./all.bash
</pre>
<p>
(To build under Windows use <code>all.bat</code>)
(To build under Windows use <code>all.bat</code>; this also requires
setting the environment variable <code>GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP</code> to the
directory holding the Go tree for the bootstrap compiler.)
</p>
<p>
@@ -640,33 +576,6 @@ See also
the section on how to <a href="#quick_test">test your changes quickly</a>.
</p>
<h4 id="test-xrepo">In the golang.org/x/... repositories</h4>
<p>
Run the tests for the entire repository
(<a href="https://go.googlesource.com/tools">golang.org/x/tools</a>,
in this example):
</p>
<pre>
$ cd tools
$ go test ./...
</pre>
<p>
If you're concerned about the build status,
you can check the <a href="https://build.golang.org">Build Dashboard</a>.
Test failures may also be caught by the TryBots in code review.
</p>
<p>
Some repositories, like
<a href="https://go.googlesource.com/vscode-go">golang.org/x/vscode-go</a> will
have different testing infrastructures, so always check the documentation
for the repository in which you are working. The README file in the root of the
repository will usually have this information.
</p>
<h3 id="mail">Step 4: Send changes for review</h3>
<p>
@@ -813,10 +722,10 @@ when the change is applied.
</p>
<p>
If you are sending a change against a golang.org/x/... repository, you must use
If you are sending a change against a subrepository, you must use
the fully-qualified syntax supported by GitHub to make sure the change is
linked to the issue in the main repository, not the x/ repository.
Most issues are tracked in the main repository's issue tracker.
linked to the issue in the main repository, not the subrepository.
All issues are tracked in the main repository's issue tracker.
The correct form is "Fixes golang/go#159".
</p>
@@ -1016,13 +925,13 @@ New files that you contribute should use the standard copyright header:
</p>
<pre>
// Copyright 2020 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
</pre>
<p>
(Use the current year if you're reading this in 2021 or beyond.)
(Use the current year if you're reading this in 2020 or beyond.)
Files in the repository are copyrighted the year they are added.
Do not update the copyright year on files that you change.
</p>
@@ -1099,7 +1008,7 @@ followed by <code>run.bash</code>.
<li>
In this section, we'll call the directory into which you cloned the Go repository <code>$GODIR</code>.
The <code>go</code> tool built by <code>$GODIR/src/make.bash</code> will be installed
The <code>go</code> tool built by <code>$GODIR/make.bash</code> will be installed
in <code>$GODIR/bin/go</code> and you
can invoke it to test your code.
For instance, if you
@@ -1163,6 +1072,25 @@ $ $GODIR/bin/go run run.go
</pre>
</ul>
<h3 id="subrepos">Contributing to subrepositories (golang.org/x/...)</h3>
<p>
If you are contributing a change to a subrepository, obtain the
Go package using <code>go get</code>.
For example, to contribute
to <code>golang.org/x/oauth2</code>, check out the code by running:
</p>
<pre>
$ go get -d golang.org/x/oauth2/...
</pre>
<p>
Then, change your directory to the package's source directory
(<code>$GOPATH/src/golang.org/x/oauth2</code>), and follow the
normal contribution flow.
</p>
<h3 id="cc">Specifying a reviewer / CCing others</h3>
@@ -1283,5 +1211,5 @@ $ git codereview mail HEAD
<p>
Make sure to explicitly specify <code>HEAD</code>, which is usually not required when sending
single changes. More details can be found in the <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/review/git-codereview?tab=doc#hdr-Multiple_Commit_Work_Branches">git-codereview documentation</a>.
single changes.
</p>

View File

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ Gccgo has native gdb support.
</p>
<p>
Note that
<a href="https://github.com/go-delve/delve">Delve</a> is a better
<a href="https://github.com/derekparker/delve">Delve</a> is a better
alternative to GDB when debugging Go programs built with the standard
toolchain. It understands the Go runtime, data structures, and
expressions better than GDB. Delve currently supports Linux, OSX,
and Windows on <code>amd64</code>.
For the most up-to-date list of supported platforms, please see
<a href="https://github.com/go-delve/delve/tree/master/Documentation/installation">
<a href="https://github.com/derekparker/delve/tree/master/Documentation/installation">
the Delve documentation</a>.
</p>
</i>

455
doc/devel/pre_go1.html Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
<!--{
"Title": "Pre-Go 1 Release History"
}-->
<p>
This page summarizes the changes between stable releases of Go prior to Go 1.
See the <a href="release.html">Release History</a> page for notes on recent releases.
</p>
<h2 id="r60">r60 (released 2011/09/07)</h2>
<p>
The r60 release corresponds to
<code><a href="weekly.html#2011-08-17">weekly.2011-08-17</a></code>.
This section highlights the most significant changes in this release.
For a more detailed summary, see the
<a href="weekly.html#2011-08-17">weekly release notes</a>.
For complete information, see the
<a href="//code.google.com/p/go/source/list?r=release-branch.r60">Mercurial change list</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="r60.lang">Language</h3>
<p>
An "else" block is now required to have braces except if the body of the "else"
is another "if". Since gofmt always puts those braces in anyway,
gofmt-formatted programs will not be affected.
To fix other programs, run gofmt.
</p>
<h3 id="r60.pkg">Packages</h3>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/http/">Package http</a>'s URL parsing and query escaping code
(such as <code>ParseURL</code> and <code>URLEscape</code>) has been moved to
the new <a href="/pkg/url/">url package</a>, with several simplifications to
the names. Client code can be updated automatically with gofix.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/image/">Package image</a> has had significant changes made to the
<code>Pix</code> field of struct types such as
<a href="/pkg/image/#RGBA">image.RGBA</a> and
<a href="/pkg/image/#NRGBA">image.NRGBA</a>.
The <a href="/pkg/image/#Image">image.Image</a> interface type has not changed,
though, and you should not need to change your code if you don't explicitly
refer to <code>Pix</code> fields. For example, if you decode a number of images
using the <a href="/pkg/image/jpeg/">image/jpeg</a> package, compose them using
<a href="/pkg/image/draw/">image/draw</a>, and then encode the result using
<a href="/pkg/img/png">image/png</a>, then your code should still work as
before.
If your code <i>does</i> refer to <code>Pix</code> fields see the
<a href="/doc/devel/weekly.html#2011-07-19">weekly.2011-07-19</a>
snapshot notes for how to update your code.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/template/">Package template</a> has been replaced with a new
templating package (formerly <code>exp/template</code>). The original template
package is still available as <a href="/pkg/old/template/">old/template</a>.
The <code>old/template</code> package is deprecated and will be removed.
The Go tree has been updated to use the new template package. We encourage
users of the old template package to switch to the new one. Code that uses
<code>template</code> or <code>exp/template</code> will need to change its
import lines to <code>"old/template"</code> or <code>"template"</code>,
respectively.
</p>
<h3 id="r60.cmd">Tools</h3>
<p>
<a href="/cmd/goinstall/">Goinstall</a> now uses a new tag selection scheme.
When downloading or updating, goinstall looks for a tag or branch with the
<code>"go."</code> prefix that corresponds to the local Go version. For Go
<code>release.r58</code> it looks for <code>go.r58</code>. For
<code>weekly.2011-06-03</code> it looks for <code>go.weekly.2011-06-03</code>.
If the specific <code>go.X</code> tag or branch is not found, it chooses the
closest earlier version. If an appropriate tag or branch is found, goinstall
uses that version of the code. Otherwise it uses the default version selected
by the version control system. Library authors are encouraged to use the
appropriate tag or branch names in their repositories to make their libraries
more accessible.
</p>
<h3 id="r60.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
r60.1 includes a
<a href="//golang.org/change/1824581bf62d">linker
fix</a>, a pair of
<a href="//golang.org/change/9ef4429c2c64">goplay</a>
<a href="//golang.org/change/d42ed8c3098e">fixes</a>,
and a <code>json</code> package
<a href="//golang.org/change/d5e97874fe84">fix</a> and
a new
<a href="//golang.org/change/4f0e6269213f">struct tag
option</a>.
</p>
<p>
r60.2
<a href="//golang.org/change/ff19536042ac">fixes</a>
a memory leak involving maps.
</p>
<p>
r60.3 fixes a
<a href="//golang.org/change/01fa62f5e4e5">reflect bug</a>.
</p>
<h2 id="r59">r59 (released 2011/08/01)</h2>
<p>
The r59 release corresponds to
<code><a href="weekly.html#2011-07-07">weekly.2011-07-07</a></code>.
This section highlights the most significant changes in this release.
For a more detailed summary, see the
<a href="weekly.html#2011-07-07">weekly release notes</a>.
For complete information, see the
<a href="//code.google.com/p/go/source/list?r=release-branch.r59">Mercurial change list</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="r59.lang">Language</h3>
<p>
This release includes a language change that restricts the use of
<code>goto</code>. In essence, a <code>goto</code> statement outside a block
cannot jump to a label inside that block. Your code may require changes if it
uses <code>goto</code>.
See <a href="//golang.org/change/dc6d3cf9279d">this
changeset</a> for how the new rule affected the Go tree.
</p>
<h3 id="r59.pkg">Packages</h3>
<p>
As usual, <a href="/cmd/gofix/">gofix</a> will handle the bulk of the rewrites
necessary for these changes to package APIs.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/http">Package http</a> has a new
<a href="/pkg/http/#FileSystem">FileSystem</a> interface that provides access
to files. The <a href="/pkg/http/#FileServer">FileServer</a> helper now takes a
<code>FileSystem</code> argument instead of an explicit file system root. By
implementing your own <code>FileSystem</code> you can use the
<code>FileServer</code> to serve arbitrary data.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/os/">Package os</a>'s <code>ErrorString</code> type has been
hidden. Most uses of <code>os.ErrorString</code> can be replaced with
<a href="/pkg/os/#NewError">os.NewError</a>.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/reflect/">Package reflect</a> supports a new struct tag scheme
that enables sharing of struct tags between multiple packages.
In this scheme, the tags must be of the form:
</p>
<pre>
`key:"value" key2:"value2"`
</pre>
<p>
The <a href="/pkg/reflect/#StructField">StructField</a> type's Tag field now
has type <a href="/pkg/reflect/#StructTag">StructTag</a>, which has a
<code>Get</code> method. Clients of <a href="/pkg/json">json</a> and
<a href="/pkg/xml">xml</a> will need to be updated. Code that says
</p>
<pre>
type T struct {
X int "name"
}
</pre>
<p>
should become
</p>
<pre>
type T struct {
X int `json:"name"` // or `xml:"name"`
}
</pre>
<p>
Use <a href="/cmd/govet/">govet</a> to identify struct tags that need to be
changed to use the new syntax.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/sort/">Package sort</a>'s <code>IntArray</code> type has been
renamed to <a href="/pkg/sort/#IntSlice">IntSlice</a>, and similarly for
<a href="/pkg/sort/#Float64Slice">Float64Slice</a> and
<a href="/pkg/sort/#StringSlice">StringSlice</a>.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/strings/">Package strings</a>'s <code>Split</code> function has
itself been split into <a href="/pkg/strings/#Split">Split</a> and
<a href="/pkg/strings/#SplitN">SplitN</a>.
<code>SplitN</code> is the same as the old <code>Split</code>.
The new <code>Split</code> is equivalent to <code>SplitN</code> with a final
argument of -1.
</p>
<a href="/pkg/image/draw/">Package image/draw</a>'s
<a href="/pkg/image/draw/#Draw">Draw</a> function now takes an additional
argument, a compositing operator.
If in doubt, use <a href="/pkg/image/draw/#Op">draw.Over</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="r59.cmd">Tools</h3>
<p>
<a href="/cmd/goinstall/">Goinstall</a> now installs packages and commands from
arbitrary remote repositories (not just Google Code, Github, and so on).
See the <a href="/cmd/goinstall/">goinstall documentation</a> for details.
</p>
<h2 id="r58">r58 (released 2011/06/29)</h2>
<p>
The r58 release corresponds to
<code><a href="weekly.html#2011-06-09">weekly.2011-06-09</a></code>
with additional bug fixes.
This section highlights the most significant changes in this release.
For a more detailed summary, see the
<a href="weekly.html#2011-06-09">weekly release notes</a>.
For complete information, see the
<a href="//code.google.com/p/go/source/list?r=release-branch.r58">Mercurial change list</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="r58.lang">Language</h3>
<p>
This release fixes a <a href="//golang.org/change/b720749486e1">use of uninitialized memory in programs that misuse <code>goto</code></a>.
</p>
<h3 id="r58.pkg">Packages</h3>
<p>
As usual, <a href="/cmd/gofix/">gofix</a> will handle the bulk of the rewrites
necessary for these changes to package APIs.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/http/">Package http</a> drops the <code>finalURL</code> return
value from the <a href="/pkg/http/#Client.Get">Client.Get</a> method. The value
is now available via the new <code>Request</code> field on <a
href="/pkg/http/#Response">http.Response</a>.
Most instances of the type map[string][]string in have been
replaced with the new <a href="/pkg/http/#Values">Values</a> type.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/exec/">Package exec</a> has been redesigned with a more
convenient and succinct API.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/strconv/">Package strconv</a>'s <a href="/pkg/strconv/#Quote">Quote</a>
function now escapes only those Unicode code points not classified as printable
by <a href="/pkg/unicode/#IsPrint">unicode.IsPrint</a>.
Previously Quote would escape all non-ASCII characters.
This also affects the <a href="/pkg/fmt/">fmt</a> package's <code>"%q"</code>
formatting directive. The previous quoting behavior is still available via
strconv's new <a href="/pkg/strconv/#QuoteToASCII">QuoteToASCII</a> function.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/os/signal/">Package os/signal</a>'s
<a href="/pkg/os/#Signal">Signal</a> and
<a href="/pkg/os/#UnixSignal">UnixSignal</a> types have been moved to the
<a href="/pkg/os/">os</a> package.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/image/draw/">Package image/draw</a> is the new name for
<code>exp/draw</code>. The GUI-related code from <code>exp/draw</code> is now
located in the <a href="/pkg/exp/gui/">exp/gui</a> package.
</p>
<h3 id="r58.cmd">Tools</h3>
<p>
<a href="/cmd/goinstall/">Goinstall</a> now observes the GOPATH environment
variable to build and install your own code and external libraries outside of
the Go tree (and avoid writing Makefiles).
</p>
<h3 id="r58.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>r58.1 adds
<a href="//golang.org/change/293c25943586">build</a> and
<a href="//golang.org/change/bf17e96b6582">runtime</a>
changes to make Go run on OS X 10.7 Lion.
</p>
<h2 id="r57">r57 (released 2011/05/03)</h2>
<p>
The r57 release corresponds to
<code><a href="weekly.html#2011-04-27">weekly.2011-04-27</a></code>
with additional bug fixes.
This section highlights the most significant changes in this release.
For a more detailed summary, see the
<a href="weekly.html#2011-04-27">weekly release notes</a>.
For complete information, see the
<a href="//code.google.com/p/go/source/list?r=release-branch.r57">Mercurial change list</a>.
</p>
<p>The new <a href="/cmd/gofix">gofix</a> tool finds Go programs that use old APIs and rewrites them to use
newer ones. After you update to a new Go release, gofix helps make the
necessary changes to your programs. Gofix will handle the http, os, and syscall
package changes described below, and we will update the program to keep up with
future changes to the libraries.
Gofix cant
handle all situations perfectly, so read and test the changes it makes before
committing them.
See <a href="//blog.golang.org/2011/04/introducing-gofix.html">the gofix blog post</a> for more
information.</p>
<h3 id="r57.lang">Language</h3>
<p>
<a href="/doc/go_spec.html#Receive_operator">Multiple assignment syntax</a> replaces the <code>closed</code> function.
The syntax for channel
receives allows an optional second assigned value, a boolean value
indicating whether the channel is closed. This code:
</p>
<pre>
v := &lt;-ch
if closed(ch) {
// channel is closed
}
</pre>
<p>should now be written as:</p>
<pre>
v, ok := &lt;-ch
if !ok {
// channel is closed
}
</pre>
<p><a href="/doc/go_spec.html#Label_scopes">Unused labels are now illegal</a>, just as unused local variables are.</p>
<h3 id="r57.pkg">Packages</h3>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/gob/">Package gob</a> will now encode and decode values of types that implement the
<a href="/pkg/gob/#GobEncoder">GobEncoder</a> and
<a href="/pkg/gob/#GobDecoder">GobDecoder</a> interfaces. This allows types with unexported
fields to transmit self-consistent descriptions; examples include
<a href="/pkg/big/#Int.GobDecode">big.Int</a> and <a href="/pkg/big/#Rat.GobDecode">big.Rat</a>.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/http/">Package http</a> has been redesigned.
For clients, there are new
<a href="/pkg/http/#Client">Client</a> and <a href="/pkg/http/#Transport">Transport</a>
abstractions that give more control over HTTP details such as headers sent
and redirections followed. These abstractions make it easy to implement
custom clients that add functionality such as <a href="//code.google.com/p/goauth2/source/browse/oauth/oauth.go">OAuth2</a>.
For servers, <a href="/pkg/http/#ResponseWriter">ResponseWriter</a>
has dropped its non-essential methods.
The Hijack and Flush methods are no longer required;
code can test for them by checking whether a specific value implements
<a href="/pkg/http/#Hijacker">Hijacker</a> or <a href="/pkg/http/#Flusher">Flusher</a>.
The RemoteAddr and UsingTLS methods are replaced by <a href="/pkg/http/#Request">Request</a>'s
RemoteAddr and TLS fields.
The SetHeader method is replaced by a Header method;
its result, of type <a href="/pkg/http/#Header">Header</a>,
implements Set and other methods.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/net/">Package net</a>
drops the <code>laddr</code> argument from <a href="/pkg/net/#Conn.Dial">Dial</a>
and drops the <code>cname</code> return value
from <a href="/pkg/net/#LookupHost">LookupHost</a>.
The implementation now uses <a href="/cmd/cgo/">cgo</a> to implement
network name lookups using the C library getaddrinfo(3)
function when possible. This ensures that Go and C programs
resolve names the same way and also avoids the OS X
application-level firewall.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/os/">Package os</a>
introduces simplified <a href="/pkg/os/#File.Open">Open</a>
and <a href="/pkg/os/#File.Create">Create</a> functions.
The original Open is now available as <a href="/pkg/os/#File.OpenFile">OpenFile</a>.
The final three arguments to <a href="/pkg/os/#Process.StartProcess">StartProcess</a>
have been replaced by a pointer to a <a href="/pkg/os/#ProcAttr">ProcAttr</a>.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pkg/reflect/">Package reflect</a> has been redesigned.
<a href="/pkg/reflect/#Type">Type</a> is now an interface that implements
all the possible type methods.
Instead of a type switch on a Type <code>t</code>, switch on <code>t.Kind()</code>.
<a href="/pkg/reflect/#Value">Value</a> is now a struct value that
implements all the possible value methods.
Instead of a type switch on a Value <code>v</code>, switch on <code>v.Kind()</code>.
Typeof and NewValue are now called <a href="/pkg/reflect/#Type.TypeOf">TypeOf</a> and <a href="/pkg/reflect/#Value.ValueOf">ValueOf</a>
To create a writable Value, use <code>New(t).Elem()</code> instead of <code>Zero(t)</code>.
See <a href="//golang.org/change/843855f3c026">the change description</a>
for the full details.
The new API allows a more efficient implementation of Value
that avoids many of the allocations required by the previous API.
</p>
<p>
Remember that gofix will handle the bulk of the rewrites
necessary for these changes to package APIs.
</p>
<h3 id="r57.cmd">Tools</h3>
<p><a href="/cmd/gofix/">Gofix</a>, a new command, is described above.</p>
<p>
<a href="/cmd/gotest/">Gotest</a> is now a Go program instead of a shell script.
The new <code>-test.short</code> flag in combination with package testing's Short function
allows you to write tests that can be run in normal or &ldquo;short&rdquo; mode;
all.bash runs tests in short mode to reduce installation time.
The Makefiles know about the flag: use <code>make testshort</code>.
</p>
<p>
The run-time support now implements CPU and memory profiling.
Gotest's new
<a href="/cmd/gotest/"><code>-test.cpuprofile</code> and
<code>-test.memprofile</code> flags</a> make it easy to
profile tests.
To add profiling to your web server, see the <a href="/pkg/http/pprof/">http/pprof</a>
documentation.
For other uses, see the <a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof/">runtime/pprof</a> documentation.
</p>
<h3 id="r57.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>r57.1 fixes a <a href="//golang.org/change/ff2bc62726e7145eb2ecc1e0f076998e4a8f86f0">nil pointer dereference in http.FormFile</a>.</p>
<p>r57.2 fixes a <a href="//golang.org/change/063b0ff67d8277df03c956208abc068076818dae">use of uninitialized memory in programs that misuse <code>goto</code></a>.</p>
<h2 id="r56">r56 (released 2011/03/16)</h2>
<p>
The r56 release was the first stable release and corresponds to
<code><a href="weekly.html#2011-03-07">weekly.2011-03-07.1</a></code>.
The numbering starts at 56 because before this release,
what we now consider weekly snapshots were called releases.
</p>

677
doc/devel/release.html Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,677 @@
<!--{
"Title": "Release History"
}-->
<p>This page summarizes the changes between official stable releases of Go.
The <a href="//golang.org/change">change log</a> has the full details.</p>
<p>To update to a specific release, use:</p>
<pre>
git pull
git checkout <i>release-branch</i>
</pre>
<h2 id="policy">Release Policy</h2>
<p>
Each major Go release is supported until there are two newer major releases.
For example, Go 1.5 was supported until the Go 1.7 release, and Go 1.6 was
supported until the Go 1.8 release.
We fix critical problems, including <a href="/security">critical security problems</a>,
in supported releases as needed by issuing minor revisions
(for example, Go 1.6.1, Go 1.6.2, and so on).
</p>
<h2 id="go1.12">go1.12 (released 2019/02/25)</h2>
<p>
Go 1.12 is a major release of Go.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1.12">Go 1.12 Release Notes</a> for more information.
</p>
<h3 id="go1.12.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
go1.12.1 (released 2019/03/14) includes fixes to cgo, the compiler, the go
command, and the <code>fmt</code>, <code>net/smtp</code>, <code>os</code>,
<code>path/filepath</code>, <code>sync</code>, and <code>text/template</code>
packages. See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.12.1">Go
1.12.1 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.12.2 (released 2019/04/05) includes fixes to the compiler, the go
command, the runtime, and the <code>doc</code>, <code>net</code>,
<code>net/http/httputil</code>, and <code>os</code> packages. See the
<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.12.2">Go
1.12.2 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.12.3 (released 2019/04/08) was accidentally released without its
intended fix. It is identical to go1.12.2, except for its version
number. The intended fix is in go1.12.4.
</p>
<p>
go1.12.4 (released 2019/04/11) fixes an issue where using the prebuilt binary
releases on older versions of GNU/Linux
<a href="https://golang.org/issues/31293">led to failures</a>
when linking programs that used cgo.
Only Linux users who hit this issue need to update.
</p>
<p>
go1.12.5 (released 2019/05/06) includes fixes to the compiler, the linker,
the go command, the runtime, and the <code>os</code> package. See the
<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.12.5">Go
1.12.5 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.12.6 (released 2019/06/11) includes fixes to the compiler, the linker,
the go command, and the <code>crypto/x509</code>, <code>net/http</code>, and
<code>os</code> packages. See the
<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.12.6">Go
1.12.6 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.12.7 (released 2019/07/08) includes fixes to cgo, the compiler,
and the linker.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.12.7">Go
1.12.7 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.12.8 (released 2019/08/13) includes security fixes to the
<code>net/http</code> and <code>net/url</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.12.8">Go
1.12.8 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.12.9 (released 2019/08/15) includes fixes to the linker,
and the <code>os</code> and <code>math/big</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.12.9+label%3ACherryPickApproved">Go
1.12.9 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<h2 id="go1.11">go1.11 (released 2018/08/24)</h2>
<p>
Go 1.11 is a major release of Go.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1.11">Go 1.11 Release Notes</a> for more information.
</p>
<h3 id="go1.11.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
go1.11.1 (released 2018/10/01) includes fixes to the compiler, documentation, go
command, runtime, and the <code>crypto/x509</code>, <code>encoding/json</code>,
<code>go/types</code>, <code>net</code>, <code>net/http</code>, and
<code>reflect</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.11.1">Go
1.11.1 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.11.2 (released 2018/11/02) includes fixes to the compiler, linker,
documentation, go command, and the <code>database/sql</code> and
<code>go/types</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.11.2">Go
1.11.2 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.11.3 (released 2018/12/12) includes three security fixes to "go get" and
the <code>crypto/x509</code> package.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.11.3">Go
1.11.3 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.11.4 (released 2018/12/14) includes fixes to cgo, the compiler, linker,
runtime, documentation, go command, and the <code>net/http</code> and
<code>go/types</code> packages.
It includes a fix to a bug introduced in Go 1.11.3 that broke <code>go</code>
<code>get</code> for import path patterns containing "<code>...</code>".
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.11.4+label%3ACherryPickApproved">Go
1.11.4 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.11.5 (released 2019/01/23) includes a security fix to the
<code>crypto/elliptic</code> package. See
the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.11.5">Go
1.11.5 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.11.6 (released 2019/03/14) includes fixes to cgo, the compiler, linker,
runtime, go command, and the <code>crypto/x509</code>, <code>encoding/json</code>,
<code>net</code>, and <code>net/url</code> packages. See the
<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.11.6">Go
1.11.6 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.11.7 (released 2019/04/05) includes fixes to the runtime and the
<code>net</code> packages. See the
<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.11.7">Go
1.11.7 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.11.8 (released 2019/04/08) was accidentally released without its
intended fix. It is identical to go1.11.7, except for its version
number. The intended fix is in go1.11.9.
</p>
<p>
go1.11.9 (released 2019/04/11) fixes an issue where using the prebuilt binary
releases on older versions of GNU/Linux
<a href="https://golang.org/issues/31293">led to failures</a>
when linking programs that used cgo.
Only Linux users who hit this issue need to update.
</p>
<p>
go1.11.10 (released 2019/05/06) includes fixes to the runtime and the linker.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.11.10">Go
1.11.10 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.11.11 (released 2019/06/11) includes a fix to the <code>crypto/x509</code> package.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.11.11">Go
1.11.11 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.11.12 (released 2019/07/08) includes fixes to the compiler and the linker.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.11.12">Go
1.11.12 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.11.13 (released 2019/08/13) includes security fixes to the
<code>net/http</code> and <code>net/url</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.11.13">Go
1.11.13 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<h2 id="go1.10">go1.10 (released 2018/02/16)</h2>
<p>
Go 1.10 is a major release of Go.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1.10">Go 1.10 Release Notes</a> for more information.
</p>
<h3 id="go1.10.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
go1.10.1 (released 2018/03/28) includes fixes to the compiler, runtime, and the
<code>archive/zip</code>, <code>crypto/tls</code>, <code>crypto/x509</code>,
<code>encoding/json</code>, <code>net</code>, <code>net/http</code>, and
<code>net/http/pprof</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.10.1">Go
1.10.1 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.10.2 (released 2018/05/01) includes fixes to the compiler, linker, and go
command.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.10.2">Go
1.10.2 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.10.3 (released 2018/06/05) includes fixes to the go command, and the
<code>crypto/tls</code>, <code>crypto/x509</code>, and <code>strings</code> packages.
In particular, it adds <a href="https://go.googlesource.com/go/+/d4e21288e444d3ffd30d1a0737f15ea3fc3b8ad9">
minimal support to the go command for the vgo transition</a>.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.10.3">Go
1.10.3 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.10.4 (released 2018/08/24) includes fixes to the go command, linker, and the
<code>net/http</code>, <code>mime/multipart</code>, <code>ld/macho</code>,
<code>bytes</code>, and <code>strings</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.10.4">Go
1.10.4 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.10.5 (released 2018/11/02) includes fixes to the go command, linker, runtime
and the <code>database/sql</code> package.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.10.5">Go
1.10.5 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.10.6 (released 2018/12/12) includes three security fixes to "go get" and
the <code>crypto/x509</code> package.
It contains the same fixes as Go 1.11.3 and was released at the same time.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.10.6">Go
1.10.6 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.10.7 (released 2018/12/14) includes a fix to a bug introduced in Go 1.10.6
that broke <code>go</code> <code>get</code> for import path patterns containing
"<code>...</code>".
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.10.7+label%3ACherryPickApproved">
Go 1.10.7 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.10.8 (released 2019/01/23) includes a security fix to the
<code>crypto/elliptic</code> package. See
the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.10.8">Go
1.10.8 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<h2 id="go1.9">go1.9 (released 2017/08/24)</h2>
<p>
Go 1.9 is a major release of Go.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1.9">Go 1.9 Release Notes</a> for more information.
</p>
<h3 id="go1.9.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
go1.9.1 (released 2017/10/04) includes two security fixes.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.9.1">Go
1.9.1 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.9.2 (released 2017/10/25) includes fixes to the compiler, linker, runtime,
documentation, <code>go</code> command,
and the <code>crypto/x509</code>, <code>database/sql</code>, <code>log</code>,
and <code>net/smtp</code> packages.
It includes a fix to a bug introduced in Go 1.9.1 that broke <code>go</code> <code>get</code>
of non-Git repositories under certain conditions.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.9.2">Go
1.9.2 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.9.3 (released 2018/01/22) includes fixes to the compiler, runtime,
and the <code>database/sql</code>, <code>math/big</code>, <code>net/http</code>,
and <code>net/url</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.9.3">Go
1.9.3 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.9.4 (released 2018/02/07) includes a security fix to “go get”.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.9.4">Go
1.9.4</a> milestone on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.9.5 (released 2018/03/28) includes fixes to the compiler, go command, and
<code>net/http/pprof</code> package.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.9.5">Go
1.9.5 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.9.6 (released 2018/05/01) includes fixes to the compiler and go command.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.9.6">Go
1.9.6 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.9.7 (released 2018/06/05) includes fixes to the go command, and the
<code>crypto/x509</code>, and <code>strings</code> packages.
In particular, it adds <a href="https://go.googlesource.com/go/+/d4e21288e444d3ffd30d1a0737f15ea3fc3b8ad9">
minimal support to the go command for the vgo transition</a>.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.9.7">Go
1.9.7 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<h2 id="go1.8">go1.8 (released 2017/02/16)</h2>
<p>
Go 1.8 is a major release of Go.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1.8">Go 1.8 Release Notes</a> for more information.
</p>
<h3 id="go1.8.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
go1.8.1 (released 2017/04/07) includes fixes to the compiler, linker, runtime,
documentation, <code>go</code> command and the <code>crypto/tls</code>,
<code>encoding/xml</code>, <code>image/png</code>, <code>net</code>,
<code>net/http</code>, <code>reflect</code>, <code>text/template</code>,
and <code>time</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.8.1">Go
1.8.1 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.8.2 (released 2017/05/23) includes a security fix to the
<code>crypto/elliptic</code> package.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.8.2">Go
1.8.2 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.8.3 (released 2017/05/24) includes fixes to the compiler, runtime,
documentation, and the <code>database/sql</code> package.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.8.3">Go
1.8.3 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.8.4 (released 2017/10/04) includes two security fixes.
It contains the same fixes as Go 1.9.1 and was released at the same time.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.8.4">Go
1.8.4 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.8.5 (released 2017/10/25) includes fixes to the compiler, linker, runtime,
documentation, <code>go</code> command,
and the <code>crypto/x509</code> and <code>net/smtp</code> packages.
It includes a fix to a bug introduced in Go 1.8.4 that broke <code>go</code> <code>get</code>
of non-Git repositories under certain conditions.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.8.5">Go
1.8.5 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.8.6 (released 2018/01/22) includes the same fix in <code>math/big</code>
as Go 1.9.3 and was released at the same time.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.8.6">Go
1.8.6 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.8.7 (released 2018/02/07) includes a security fix to “go get”.
It contains the same fix as Go 1.9.4 and was released at the same time.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.8.7">Go
1.8.7</a> milestone on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<h2 id="go1.7">go1.7 (released 2016/08/15)</h2>
<p>
Go 1.7 is a major release of Go.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1.7">Go 1.7 Release Notes</a> for more information.
</p>
<h3 id="go1.7.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
go1.7.1 (released 2016/09/07) includes fixes to the compiler, runtime,
documentation, and the <code>compress/flate</code>, <code>hash/crc32</code>,
<code>io</code>, <code>net</code>, <code>net/http</code>,
<code>path/filepath</code>, <code>reflect</code>, and <code>syscall</code>
packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.7.1">Go
1.7.1 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.7.2 should not be used. It was tagged but not fully released.
The release was deferred due to a last minute bug report.
Use go1.7.3 instead, and refer to the summary of changes below.
</p>
<p>
go1.7.3 (released 2016/10/19) includes fixes to the compiler, runtime,
and the <code>crypto/cipher</code>, <code>crypto/tls</code>,
<code>net/http</code>, and <code>strings</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.7.3">Go
1.7.3 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.7.4 (released 2016/12/01) includes two security fixes.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.7.4">Go
1.7.4 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.7.5 (released 2017/01/26) includes fixes to the compiler, runtime,
and the <code>crypto/x509</code> and <code>time</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.7.5">Go
1.7.5 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.7.6 (released 2017/05/23) includes the same security fix as Go 1.8.2 and
was released at the same time.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.8.2">Go
1.8.2 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<h2 id="go1.6">go1.6 (released 2016/02/17)</h2>
<p>
Go 1.6 is a major release of Go.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1.6">Go 1.6 Release Notes</a> for more information.
</p>
<h3 id="go1.6.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
go1.6.1 (released 2016/04/12) includes two security fixes.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.6.1">Go
1.6.1 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.6.2 (released 2016/04/20) includes fixes to the compiler, runtime, tools,
documentation, and the <code>mime/multipart</code>, <code>net/http</code>, and
<code>sort</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.6.2">Go
1.6.2 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.6.3 (released 2016/07/17) includes security fixes to the
<code>net/http/cgi</code> package and <code>net/http</code> package when used in
a CGI environment.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.6.3">Go
1.6.3 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.6.4 (released 2016/12/01) includes two security fixes.
It contains the same fixes as Go 1.7.4 and was released at the same time.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.7.4">Go
1.7.4 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<h2 id="go1.5">go1.5 (released 2015/08/19)</h2>
<p>
Go 1.5 is a major release of Go.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1.5">Go 1.5 Release Notes</a> for more information.
</p>
<h3 id="go1.5.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
go1.5.1 (released 2015/09/08) includes bug fixes to the compiler, assembler, and
the <code>fmt</code>, <code>net/textproto</code>, <code>net/http</code>, and
<code>runtime</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.5.1">Go
1.5.1 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.5.2 (released 2015/12/02) includes bug fixes to the compiler, linker, and
the <code>mime/multipart</code>, <code>net</code>, and <code>runtime</code>
packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.5.2">Go
1.5.2 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.5.3 (released 2016/01/13) includes a security fix to the <code>math/big</code> package
affecting the <code>crypto/tls</code> package.
See the <a href="https://golang.org/s/go153announce">release announcement</a> for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.5.4 (released 2016/04/12) includes two security fixes.
It contains the same fixes as Go 1.6.1 and was released at the same time.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.6.1">Go
1.6.1 milestone</a> on our issue tracker for details.
</p>
<h2 id="go1.4">go1.4 (released 2014/12/10)</h2>
<p>
Go 1.4 is a major release of Go.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1.4">Go 1.4 Release Notes</a> for more information.
</p>
<h3 id="go1.4.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
go1.4.1 (released 2015/01/15) includes bug fixes to the linker and the <code>log</code>, <code>syscall</code>, and <code>runtime</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.4.1">Go 1.4.1 milestone on our issue tracker</a> for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.4.2 (released 2015/02/17) includes bug fixes to the <code>go</code> command, the compiler and linker, and the <code>runtime</code>, <code>syscall</code>, <code>reflect</code>, and <code>math/big</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.4.2">Go 1.4.2 milestone on our issue tracker</a> for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.4.3 (released 2015/09/22) includes security fixes to the <code>net/http</code> package and bug fixes to the <code>runtime</code> package.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues?q=milestone%3AGo1.4.3">Go 1.4.3 milestone on our issue tracker</a> for details.
</p>
<h2 id="go1.3">go1.3 (released 2014/06/18)</h2>
<p>
Go 1.3 is a major release of Go.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1.3">Go 1.3 Release Notes</a> for more information.
</p>
<h3 id="go1.3.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
go1.3.1 (released 2014/08/13) includes bug fixes to the compiler and the <code>runtime</code>, <code>net</code>, and <code>crypto/rsa</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/commits/go1.3.1">change history</a> for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.3.2 (released 2014/09/25) includes bug fixes to cgo and the crypto/tls packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/commits/go1.3.2">change history</a> for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.3.3 (released 2014/09/30) includes further bug fixes to cgo, the runtime package, and the nacl port.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/commits/go1.3.3">change history</a> for details.
</p>
<h2 id="go1.2">go1.2 (released 2013/12/01)</h2>
<p>
Go 1.2 is a major release of Go.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1.2">Go 1.2 Release Notes</a> for more information.
</p>
<h3 id="go1.2.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
go1.2.1 (released 2014/03/02) includes bug fixes to the <code>runtime</code>, <code>net</code>, and <code>database/sql</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/commits/go1.2.1">change history</a> for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.2.2 (released 2014/05/05) includes a
<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/commits/go1.2.2">security fix</a>
that affects the tour binary included in the binary distributions (thanks to Guillaume T).
</p>
<h2 id="go1.1">go1.1 (released 2013/05/13)</h2>
<p>
Go 1.1 is a major release of Go.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1.1">Go 1.1 Release Notes</a> for more information.
</p>
<h3 id="go1.1.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
go1.1.1 (released 2013/06/13) includes several compiler and runtime bug fixes.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/commits/go1.1.1">change history</a> for details.
</p>
<p>
go1.1.2 (released 2013/08/13) includes fixes to the <code>gc</code> compiler
and <code>cgo</code>, and the <code>bufio</code>, <code>runtime</code>,
<code>syscall</code>, and <code>time</code> packages.
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/commits/go1.1.2">change history</a> for details.
If you use package syscall's <code>Getrlimit</code> and <code>Setrlimit</code>
functions under Linux on the ARM or 386 architectures, please note change
<a href="//golang.org/cl/11803043">11803043</a>
that fixes <a href="//golang.org/issue/5949">issue 5949</a>.
</p>
<h2 id="go1">go1 (released 2012/03/28)</h2>
<p>
Go 1 is a major release of Go that will be stable in the long term.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1.html">Go 1 Release Notes</a> for more information.
</p>
<p>
It is intended that programs written for Go 1 will continue to compile and run
correctly, unchanged, under future versions of Go 1.
Read the <a href="/doc/go1compat.html">Go 1 compatibility document</a> for more
about the future of Go 1.
</p>
<p>
The go1 release corresponds to
<code><a href="weekly.html#2012-03-27">weekly.2012-03-27</a></code>.
</p>
<h3 id="go1.minor">Minor revisions</h3>
<p>
go1.0.1 (released 2012/04/25) was issued to
<a href="//golang.org/cl/6061043">fix</a> an
<a href="//golang.org/issue/3545">escape analysis bug</a>
that can lead to memory corruption.
It also includes several minor code and documentation fixes.
</p>
<p>
go1.0.2 (released 2012/06/13) was issued to fix two bugs in the implementation
of maps using struct or array keys:
<a href="//golang.org/issue/3695">issue 3695</a> and
<a href="//golang.org/issue/3573">issue 3573</a>.
It also includes many minor code and documentation fixes.
</p>
<p>
go1.0.3 (released 2012/09/21) includes minor code and documentation fixes.
</p>
<p>
See the <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/commits/release-branch.go1">go1 release branch history</a> for the complete list of changes.
</p>
<h2 id="pre.go1">Older releases</h2>
<p>
See the <a href="pre_go1.html">Pre-Go 1 Release History</a> page for notes
on earlier releases.
</p>

6200
doc/devel/weekly.html Normal file

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232
doc/docs.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
<!--{
"Title": "Documentation",
"Path": "/doc/",
"Template": true
}-->
<p>
The Go programming language is an open source project to make programmers more
productive.
</p>
<p>
Go is expressive, concise, clean, and efficient. Its concurrency
mechanisms make it easy to write programs that get the most out of multicore
and networked machines, while its novel type system enables flexible and
modular program construction. Go compiles quickly to machine code yet has the
convenience of garbage collection and the power of run-time reflection. It's a
fast, statically typed, compiled language that feels like a dynamically typed,
interpreted language.
</p>
<div id="manual-nav"></div>
<h2>Installing Go</h2>
<h3><a href="/doc/install">Getting Started</a></h3>
<p>
Instructions for downloading and installing the Go compilers, tools, and
libraries.
</p>
<h2 id="learning">Learning Go</h2>
<img class="gopher" src="/doc/gopher/doc.png"/>
<h3 id="go_tour">
{{if $.GoogleCN}}
A Tour of Go
{{else}}
<a href="//tour.golang.org/">A Tour of Go</a>
{{end}}
</h3>
<p>
An interactive introduction to Go in three sections.
The first section covers basic syntax and data structures; the second discusses
methods and interfaces; and the third introduces Go's concurrency primitives.
Each section concludes with a few exercises so you can practice what you've
learned. You can {{if not $.GoogleCN}}<a href="//tour.golang.org/">take the tour
online</a> or{{end}} install it locally with:
</p>
<pre>
$ go get golang.org/x/tour
</pre>
<p>
This will place the <code>tour</code> binary in your workspace's <code>bin</code> directory.
</p>
<h3 id="code"><a href="code.html">How to write Go code</a></h3>
<p>
{{if not $.GoogleCN}}
Also available as a <a href="//www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCsL89YtqCs">screencast</a>, this
{{else}}
This
{{end}}
doc explains how to use the <a href="/cmd/go/">go command</a>
to fetch, build, and install packages, commands, and run tests.
</p>
<h3 id="editors"><a href="editors.html">Editor plugins and IDEs</a></h3>
<p>
A document that summarizes commonly used editor plugins and IDEs with
Go support.
</p>
<h3 id="effective_go"><a href="effective_go.html">Effective Go</a></h3>
<p>
A document that gives tips for writing clear, idiomatic Go code.
A must read for any new Go programmer. It augments the tour and
the language specification, both of which should be read first.
</p>
<h3 id="diagnostics"><a href="/doc/diagnostics.html">Diagnostics</a></h3>
<p>
Summarizes tools and methodologies to diagnose problems in Go programs.
</p>
<h3 id="faq"><a href="/doc/faq">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)</a></h3>
<p>
Answers to common questions about Go.
</p>
<h3 id="wiki"><a href="/wiki">The Go Wiki</a></h3>
<p>A wiki maintained by the Go community.</p>
<h4 id="learn_more">More</h4>
<p>
See the <a href="/wiki/Learn">Learn</a> page at the <a href="/wiki">Wiki</a>
for more Go learning resources.
</p>
<h2 id="references">References</h2>
<h3 id="pkg"><a href="/pkg/">Package Documentation</a></h3>
<p>
The documentation for the Go standard library.
</p>
<h3 id="cmd"><a href="/doc/cmd">Command Documentation</a></h3>
<p>
The documentation for the Go tools.
</p>
<h3 id="spec"><a href="/ref/spec">Language Specification</a></h3>
<p>
The official Go Language specification.
</p>
<h3 id="go_mem"><a href="/ref/mem">The Go Memory Model</a></h3>
<p>
A document that specifies the conditions under which reads of a variable in
one goroutine can be guaranteed to observe values produced by writes to the
same variable in a different goroutine.
</p>
<h3 id="release"><a href="/doc/devel/release.html">Release History</a></h3>
<p>A summary of the changes between Go releases.</p>
<h2 id="articles">Articles</h2>
{{if not $.GoogleCN}}
<h3 id="blog"><a href="//blog.golang.org/">The Go Blog</a></h3>
<p>The official blog of the Go project, featuring news and in-depth articles by
the Go team and guests.</p>
{{end}}
<h4>Codewalks</h4>
<p>
Guided tours of Go programs.
</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/doc/codewalk/functions">First-Class Functions in Go</a></li>
<li><a href="/doc/codewalk/markov">Generating arbitrary text: a Markov chain algorithm</a></li>
<li><a href="/doc/codewalk/sharemem">Share Memory by Communicating</a></li>
<li><a href="/doc/articles/wiki/">Writing Web Applications</a> - building a simple web application.</li>
</ul>
{{if not $.GoogleCN}}
<h4>Language</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="/blog/json-rpc-tale-of-interfaces">JSON-RPC: a tale of interfaces</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/gos-declaration-syntax">Go's Declaration Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/defer-panic-and-recover">Defer, Panic, and Recover</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/go-concurrency-patterns-timing-out-and">Go Concurrency Patterns: Timing out, moving on</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/go-slices-usage-and-internals">Go Slices: usage and internals</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/gif-decoder-exercise-in-go-interfaces">A GIF decoder: an exercise in Go interfaces</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/error-handling-and-go">Error Handling and Go</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/organizing-go-code">Organizing Go code</a></li>
</ul>
<h4>Packages</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="/blog/json-and-go">JSON and Go</a> - using the <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/">json</a> package.</li>
<li><a href="/blog/gobs-of-data">Gobs of data</a> - the design and use of the <a href="/pkg/encoding/gob/">gob</a> package.</li>
<li><a href="/blog/laws-of-reflection">The Laws of Reflection</a> - the fundamentals of the <a href="/pkg/reflect/">reflect</a> package.</li>
<li><a href="/blog/go-image-package">The Go image package</a> - the fundamentals of the <a href="/pkg/image/">image</a> package.</li>
<li><a href="/blog/go-imagedraw-package">The Go image/draw package</a> - the fundamentals of the <a href="/pkg/image/draw/">image/draw</a> package.</li>
</ul>
{{end}}
<h4>Tools</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="/doc/articles/go_command.html">About the Go command</a> - why we wrote it, what it is, what it's not, and how to use it.</li>
<li><a href="/doc/gdb">Debugging Go Code with GDB</a></li>
<li><a href="/doc/articles/race_detector.html">Data Race Detector</a> - a manual for the data race detector.</li>
<li><a href="/doc/asm">A Quick Guide to Go's Assembler</a> - an introduction to the assembler used by Go.</li>
{{if not $.GoogleCN}}
<li><a href="/blog/c-go-cgo">C? Go? Cgo!</a> - linking against C code with <a href="/cmd/cgo/">cgo</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/blog/godoc-documenting-go-code">Godoc: documenting Go code</a> - writing good documentation for <a href="/cmd/godoc/">godoc</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/blog/profiling-go-programs">Profiling Go Programs</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/race-detector">Introducing the Go Race Detector</a> - an introduction to the race detector.</li>
{{end}}
</ul>
<h4 id="articles_more">More</h4>
<p>
See the <a href="/wiki/Articles">Articles page</a> at the
<a href="/wiki">Wiki</a> for more Go articles.
</p>
{{if not $.GoogleCN}}
<h2 id="talks">Talks</h2>
<img class="gopher" src="/doc/gopher/talks.png"/>
<h3 id="video_tour_of_go"><a href="https://research.swtch.com/gotour">A Video Tour of Go</a></h3>
<p>
Three things that make Go fast, fun, and productive:
interfaces, reflection, and concurrency. Builds a toy web crawler to
demonstrate these.
</p>
<h3 id="go_code_that_grows"><a href="//vimeo.com/53221560">Code that grows with grace</a></h3>
<p>
One of Go's key design goals is code adaptability; that it should be easy to take a simple design and build upon it in a clean and natural way. In this talk Andrew Gerrand describes a simple "chat roulette" server that matches pairs of incoming TCP connections, and then use Go's concurrency mechanisms, interfaces, and standard library to extend it with a web interface and other features. While the function of the program changes dramatically, Go's flexibility preserves the original design as it grows.
</p>
<h3 id="go_concurrency_patterns"><a href="//www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6kdp27TYZs">Go Concurrency Patterns</a></h3>
<p>
Concurrency is the key to designing high performance network services. Go's concurrency primitives (goroutines and channels) provide a simple and efficient means of expressing concurrent execution. In this talk we see how tricky concurrency problems can be solved gracefully with simple Go code.
</p>
<h3 id="advanced_go_concurrency_patterns"><a href="//www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDDwwePbDtw">Advanced Go Concurrency Patterns</a></h3>
<p>
This talk expands on the <i>Go Concurrency Patterns</i> talk to dive deeper into Go's concurrency primitives.
</p>
<h4 id="talks_more">More</h4>
<p>
See the <a href="/talks">Go Talks site</a> and <a href="/wiki/GoTalks">wiki page</a> for more Go talks.
</p>
{{end}}
<h2 id="nonenglish">Non-English Documentation</h2>
<p>
See the <a href="/wiki/NonEnglish">NonEnglish</a> page
at the <a href="/wiki">Wiki</a> for localized
documentation.
</p>

View File

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ editing, navigation, testing, and debugging experience.
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/fatih/vim-go">vim</a>: vim-go plugin provides Go programming language support</li>
<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=golang.go">Visual Studio Code</a>:
<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=lukehoban.Go">Visual Studio Code</a>:
Go extension provides support for the Go programming language</li>
<li><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/go">GoLand</a>: GoLand is distributed either as a standalone IDE
or as a plugin for IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate</li>

View File

@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ if it has already been declared, provided:
<li>this declaration is in the same scope as the existing declaration of <code>v</code>
(if <code>v</code> is already declared in an outer scope, the declaration will create a new variable §),</li>
<li>the corresponding value in the initialization is assignable to <code>v</code>, and</li>
<li>there is at least one other variable that is created by the declaration.</li>
<li>there is at least one other variable in the declaration that is being declared anew.</li>
</ul>
<p>
@@ -2336,9 +2336,10 @@ of the request from the client.
</p>
<p>
For brevity, let's ignore POSTs and assume HTTP requests are always
GETs; that simplification does not affect the way the handlers are set up.
Here's a trivial implementation of a handler to count the number of times
the page is visited.
GETs; that simplification does not affect the way the handlers are
set up. Here's a trivial but complete implementation of a handler to
count the number of times the
page is visited.
</p>
<pre>
// Simple counter server.
@@ -2354,11 +2355,6 @@ func (ctr *Counter) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
<p>
(Keeping with our theme, note how <code>Fprintf</code> can print to an
<code>http.ResponseWriter</code>.)
In a real server, access to <code>ctr.n</code> would need protection from
concurrent access.
See the <code>sync</code> and <code>atomic</code> packages for suggestions.
</p>
<p>
For reference, here's how to attach such a server to a node on the URL tree.
</p>
<pre>
@@ -2699,7 +2695,8 @@ type ReadWriter interface {
<p>
This says just what it looks like: A <code>ReadWriter</code> can do
what a <code>Reader</code> does <em>and</em> what a <code>Writer</code>
does; it is a union of the embedded interfaces.
does; it is a union of the embedded interfaces (which must be disjoint
sets of methods).
Only interfaces can be embedded within interfaces.
</p>
<p>

View File

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ or <code>gcc/testsuite/go.dg</code> directories in the GCC repository.
<p>
Changes to the Go frontend should follow the same process as for the
main Go repository, only for the <code>gofrontend</code> project and
the <code>gofrontend-dev@googlegroups.com</code> mailing list
the <code>gofrontend-dev@googlegroups.com</code> mailing list
rather than the <code>go</code> project and the
<code>golang-dev@googlegroups.com</code> mailing list. Those changes
will then be merged into the GCC sources.

View File

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
<p>
This document explains how to use gccgo, a compiler for
the Go language. The gccgo compiler is a new frontend
for GCC, the widely used GNU compiler. Although the
the Go language. The gccgo compiler is a new frontend
for GCC, the widely used GNU compiler. Although the
frontend itself is under a BSD-style license, gccgo is
normally used as part of GCC and is then covered by
the <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ compiler.
<p>
The simplest way to install gccgo is to install a GCC binary release
built to include Go support. GCC binary releases are available from
built to include Go support. GCC binary releases are available from
<a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/install/binaries.html">various
websites</a> and are typically included as part of GNU/Linux
distributions. We expect that most people who build these binaries
distributions. We expect that most people who build these binaries
will include Go support.
</p>
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ The GCC 4.7.1 release and all later 4.7 releases include a complete
<p>
Due to timing, the GCC 4.8.0 and 4.8.1 releases are close to but not
identical to Go 1.1. The GCC 4.8.2 release includes a complete Go
identical to Go 1.1. The GCC 4.8.2 release includes a complete Go
1.1.2 implementation.
</p>
@@ -48,51 +48,49 @@ The GCC 4.9 releases include a complete Go 1.2 implementation.
<p>
The GCC 5 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.4
user libraries. The Go 1.4 runtime is not fully merged, but that
user libraries. The Go 1.4 runtime is not fully merged, but that
should not be visible to Go programs.
</p>
<p>
The GCC 6 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.6.1
user libraries. The Go 1.6 runtime is not fully merged, but that
user libraries. The Go 1.6 runtime is not fully merged, but that
should not be visible to Go programs.
</p>
<p>
The GCC 7 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.8.1
user libraries. As with earlier releases, the Go 1.8 runtime is not
user libraries. As with earlier releases, the Go 1.8 runtime is not
fully merged, but that should not be visible to Go programs.
</p>
<p>
The GCC 8 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.10.1
release. The Go 1.10 runtime has now been fully merged into the GCC
development sources, and concurrent garbage collection is fully
supported.
</p>
<p>
The GCC 9 releases include a complete implementation of the Go 1.12.2
release.
The GCC 8 releases are expected to include a complete implementation
of the Go 1.10 release, depending on release timing. The Go 1.10
runtime has now been fully merged into the GCC development sources,
and concurrent garbage collection is expected to be fully supported in
GCC 8.
</p>
<h2 id="Source_code">Source code</h2>
<p>
If you cannot use a release, or prefer to build gccgo for yourself, the
gccgo source code is accessible via Git. The GCC web site has
<a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/git.html">instructions for getting the GCC
source code</a>. The gccgo source code is included. As a convenience, a
stable version of the Go support is available in the
<code>devel/gccgo</code> branch of the main GCC code repository:
<code>git://gcc.gnu.org/git/gcc.git</code>.
If you cannot use a release, or prefer to build gccgo for
yourself,
the gccgo source code is accessible via Subversion. The
GCC web site
has <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/svn.html">instructions for getting the
GCC source code</a>. The gccgo source code is included. As a
convenience, a stable version of the Go support is available in
a branch of the main GCC code
repository: <code>svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gccgo</code>.
This branch is periodically updated with stable Go compiler sources.
</p>
<p>
Note that although <code>gcc.gnu.org</code> is the most convenient way
to get the source code for the Go frontend, it is not where the master
sources live. If you want to contribute changes to the Go frontend
sources live. If you want to contribute changes to the Go frontend
compiler, see <a href="/doc/gccgo_contribute.html">Contributing to
gccgo</a>.
</p>
@@ -102,16 +100,16 @@ gccgo</a>.
<p>
Building gccgo is just like building GCC
with one or two additional options. See
with one or two additional options. See
the <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/install/">instructions on the gcc web
site</a>. When you run <code>configure</code>, add the
site</a>. When you run <code>configure</code>, add the
option <code>--enable-languages=c,c++,go</code> (along with other
languages you may want to build). If you are targeting a 32-bit x86,
languages you may want to build). If you are targeting a 32-bit x86,
then you will want to build gccgo to default to
supporting locked compare and exchange instructions; do this by also
using the <code>configure</code> option <code>--with-arch=i586</code>
(or a newer architecture, depending on where you need your programs to
run). If you are targeting a 64-bit x86, but sometimes want to use
run). If you are targeting a 64-bit x86, but sometimes want to use
the <code>-m32</code> option, then use the <code>configure</code>
option <code>--with-arch-32=i586</code>.
</p>
@@ -120,27 +118,30 @@ option <code>--with-arch-32=i586</code>.
<p>
On x86 GNU/Linux systems the gccgo compiler is able to
use a small discontiguous stack for goroutines. This permits programs
use a small discontiguous stack for goroutines. This permits programs
to run many more goroutines, since each goroutine can use a relatively
small stack. Doing this requires using the gold linker version 2.22
or later. You can either install GNU binutils 2.22 or later, or you
small stack. Doing this requires using the gold linker version 2.22
or later. You can either install GNU binutils 2.22 or later, or you
can build gold yourself.
</p>
<p>
To build gold yourself, build the GNU binutils,
using <code>--enable-gold=default</code> when you run
the <code>configure</code> script. Before building, you must install
the flex and bison packages. A typical sequence would look like
the <code>configure</code> script. Before building, you must install
the flex and bison packages. A typical sequence would look like
this (you can replace <code>/opt/gold</code> with any directory to
which you have write access):
</p>
<pre>
git clone git://sourceware.org/git/binutils-gdb.git
cvs -z 9 -d :pserver:anoncvs@sourceware.org:/cvs/src login
[password is "anoncvs"]
[The next command will create a directory named src, not binutils]
cvs -z 9 -d :pserver:anoncvs@sourceware.org:/cvs/src co binutils
mkdir binutils-objdir
cd binutils-objdir
../binutils-gdb/configure --enable-gold=default --prefix=/opt/gold
../src/configure --enable-gold=default --prefix=/opt/gold
make
make install
</pre>
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ option <code>--with-ld=<var>GOLD_BINARY</var></code>.
A number of prerequisites are required to build GCC, as
described on
the <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/install/prerequisites.html">gcc web
site</a>. It is important to install all the prerequisites before
site</a>. It is important to install all the prerequisites before
running the gcc <code>configure</code> script.
The prerequisite libraries can be conveniently downloaded using the
script <code>contrib/download_prerequisites</code> in the GCC sources.
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ described above):
</p>
<pre>
git clone --branch devel/gccgo git://gcc.gnu.org/git/gcc.git gccgo
svn checkout svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gccgo gccgo
mkdir objdir
cd objdir
../gccgo/configure --prefix=/opt/gccgo --enable-languages=c,c++,go --with-ld=/opt/gold/bin/ld
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ make install
<h2 id="Using_gccgo">Using gccgo</h2>
<p>
The gccgo compiler works like other gcc frontends. As of GCC 5 the gccgo
The gccgo compiler works like other gcc frontends. As of GCC 5 the gccgo
installation also includes a version of the <code>go</code> command,
which may be used to build Go programs as described at
<a href="https://golang.org/cmd/go">https://golang.org/cmd/go</a>.
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ gccgo -o file file.o
<p>
To run the resulting file, you will need to tell the program where to
find the compiled Go packages. There are a few ways to do this:
find the compiled Go packages. There are a few ways to do this:
</p>
<ul>
@@ -225,11 +226,11 @@ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
<p>
Here <code>${prefix}</code> is the <code>--prefix</code> option used
when building gccgo. For a binary install this is
normally <code>/usr</code>. Whether to use <code>lib</code>
when building gccgo. For a binary install this is
normally <code>/usr</code>. Whether to use <code>lib</code>
or <code>lib64</code> depends on the target.
Typically <code>lib64</code> is correct for x86_64 systems,
and <code>lib</code> is correct for other systems. The idea is to
and <code>lib</code> is correct for other systems. The idea is to
name the directory where <code>libgo.so</code> is found.
</p>
@@ -324,9 +325,9 @@ objcopy -j .go_export FILE.o FILE.gox
<p>
The gccgo compiler will look in the current
directory for import files. In more complex scenarios you
directory for import files. In more complex scenarios you
may pass the <code>-I</code> or <code>-L</code> option to
gccgo. Both options take directories to search. The
gccgo. Both options take directories to search. The
<code>-L</code> option is also passed to the linker.
</p>
@@ -347,11 +348,11 @@ gccgo -o main main.o mypackage.o # Explicitly links with mypackage.o
<p>
If you use the <code>-g</code> option when you compile, you can run
<code>gdb</code> on your executable. The debugger has only limited
knowledge about Go. You can set breakpoints, single-step,
etc. You can print variables, but they will be printed as though they
had C/C++ types. For numeric types this doesn't matter. Go strings
and interfaces will show up as two-element structures. Go
<code>gdb</code> on your executable. The debugger has only limited
knowledge about Go. You can set breakpoints, single-step,
etc. You can print variables, but they will be printed as though they
had C/C++ types. For numeric types this doesn't matter. Go strings
and interfaces will show up as two-element structures. Go
maps and channels are always represented as C pointers to run-time
structures.
</p>
@@ -398,7 +399,7 @@ assuming that the C pointer does point to 10 elements.
</p>
<p>
A slice in Go is a structure. The current definition is
A slice in Go is a structure. The current definition is
(this is <b style="color: red;">subject to change</b>):
</p>
@@ -412,15 +413,15 @@ struct __go_slice {
<p>
The type of a Go function is a pointer to a struct (this is
<b style="color: red;">subject to change</b>). The first field in the
<b style="color: red;">subject to change</b>). The first field in the
struct points to the code of the function, which will be equivalent to
a pointer to a C function whose parameter types are equivalent, with
an additional trailing parameter. The trailing parameter is the
an additional trailing parameter. The trailing parameter is the
closure, and the argument to pass is a pointer to the Go function
struct.
When a Go function returns more than one value, the C function returns
a struct. For example, these functions are roughly equivalent:
a struct. For example, these functions are roughly equivalent:
</p>
<pre>
@@ -457,7 +458,7 @@ pointer while the C function is still using it.
<p>
Go code can call C functions directly using a Go extension implemented
in gccgo: a function declaration may be preceded by
<code>//extern NAME</code>. For example, here is how the C function
<code>//extern NAME</code>. For example, here is how the C function
<code>open</code> can be declared in Go:
</p>
@@ -517,11 +518,11 @@ the <code>-gccgo</code> option instead.
<p>
Compile your C code as usual, and add the option
<code>-fdump-go-spec=<var>FILENAME</var></code>. This will create the
<code>-fdump-go-spec=<var>FILENAME</var></code>. This will create the
file <code><var>FILENAME</var></code> as a side effect of the
compilation. This file will contain Go declarations for the types,
variables and functions declared in the C code. C types that can not
be represented in Go will be recorded as comments in the Go code. The
compilation. This file will contain Go declarations for the types,
variables and functions declared in the C code. C types that can not
be represented in Go will be recorded as comments in the Go code. The
generated file will not have a <code>package</code> declaration, but
can otherwise be compiled directly by gccgo.
</p>

View File

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ adds <a href="#test">caching of successful test results</a>,
runs <a href="#test-vet">vet automatically during tests</a>,
and
permits <a href="#cgo">passing string values directly between Go and C using cgo</a>.
A new <a href="#cgo">hard-coded set of safe compiler options</a> may cause
A new <a href="#cgo">compiler option whitelist</a> may cause
unexpected <a href="https://golang.org/s/invalidflag"><code>invalid
flag</code></a> errors in code that built successfully with older
releases.
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ and the <a href="/cmd/test2json/">test2json documentation</a>.
<p>
Options specified by cgo using <code>#cgo CFLAGS</code> and the like
are now checked against a list of permitted options.
are now checked against a whitelist of permitted options.
This closes a security hole in which a downloaded package uses
compiler options like
<span style="white-space: nowrap"><code>-fplugin</code></span>

View File

@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ for k := range m {
<!-- CL 101715 was reverted -->
<dl id="pkg-runtime"><dt id="runtime-again"><a href="/pkg/runtime/">runtime</a></dt>
<dl id="runtime-again"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/">runtime</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 70993 -->

View File

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
main ul li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
</style>
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction to Go 1.13</h2>
<h2 id="introduction">DRAFT RELEASE NOTES - Introduction to Go 1.13</h2>
<p>
The latest Go release, version 1.13, arrives six months after <a href="go1.12">Go 1.12</a>.
Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries.
As always, the release maintains the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat.html">promise of compatibility</a>.
We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before.
<strong>
Go 1.13 is not yet released. These are work-in-progress
release notes. Go 1.13 is expected to be released in August 2019.
</strong>
</p>
<p>
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
<p id="nacl">
<p>
Go 1.13 is the last release that will run on Native Client (NaCl).
</p>
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
<h3 id="android">Android</h3>
<p><!-- CL 170127 -->
Go programs are now compatible with Android 10.
Go programs are now compatible with Android Q.
</p>
<h3 id="darwin">Darwin</h3>
@@ -139,8 +139,7 @@ Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
As <a href="go1.12#freebsd">announced</a> in the Go 1.12 release notes,
Go 1.13 now requires FreeBSD 11.2 or later;
support for previous versions has been discontinued.
FreeBSD 12.0 or later requires a kernel with the <code>COMPAT_FREEBSD11</code>
option set (this is the default).
FreeBSD 12.0 or later requires a kernel with the COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option set (this is the default).
</p>
<h3 id="illumos">Illumos</h3>
@@ -151,6 +150,18 @@ Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
build tag.
</p>
<h3 id="netbsd">NetBSD</h3>
<p><!--CL 155739 -->
Go now supports NetBSD on arm64.
</p>
<h3 id="openbsd">OpenBSD</h3>
<p><!--CL 174125 -->
Go now supports OpenBSD on arm64.
</p>
<h3 id="windows">Windows</h3>
<p><!-- CL 178977 -->
@@ -770,7 +781,7 @@ godoc
<dl id="net"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/">net</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 156366 -->
On Unix systems where <code>use-vc</code> is set in <code>resolv.conf</code>, TCP is used for DNS resolution.
On Unix systems where <code>use-vc</code> is set in <code>resolve.conf</code>, TCP is used for DNS resolution.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 170678 -->
@@ -814,14 +825,13 @@ godoc
</p>
<p><!-- CL 140357 -->
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport.MaxConnsPerHost"><code>Transport.MaxConnsPerHost</code></a> now works
properly with HTTP/2.
When reusing HTTP/2, the <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a> no longer performs unnecessary TLS handshakes.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 154383 -->
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#TimeoutHandler"><code>TimeoutHandler</code></a>'s
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#ResponseWriter"><code>ResponseWriter</code></a> now implements the
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Pusher"><code>Pusher</code></a> interface.
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Pusher"><code>Pusher</code></a> and <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Flusher"><code>Flusher</code></a> interfaces.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 157339 -->
@@ -862,8 +872,7 @@ godoc
</p>
<p><!-- CL 179457 -->
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a> no longer logs errors when servers
gracefully shut down idle connections using a <code>"408 Request Timeout"</code> response.
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a> now silently ignores a <code>408 "Request Timeout"</code> response.
</p>
</dl><!-- net/http -->
@@ -904,7 +913,7 @@ godoc
</dl><!-- reflect -->
<dl id="pkg-runtime"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/">runtime</a></dt>
<dl id="runtime"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/">runtime</a></dt>
<dd>
<p> <!-- CL 167780 -->
Tracebacks, <a href="/pkg/runtime/#Caller"><code>runtime.Caller</code></a>,
@@ -976,22 +985,14 @@ godoc
<a href="/pkg/syscall/?GOOS=windows#Chmod"><code>Chmod</code></a> mode on Windows.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 191337 -->
Values of type <code>Errno</code> can be tested against error values in
the <code>os</code> package,
like <a href="/pkg/os/#ErrExist"><code>ErrExist</code></a>, using
<a href="/pkg/errors/#Is"><code>errors.Is</code></a>.
</p>
</dl><!-- syscall -->
<dl id="syscall/js"><dt><a href="/pkg/syscall/js/">syscall/js</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 177537 -->
<code>TypedArrayOf</code> has been replaced by
TypedArrayOf has been replaced by
<a href="/pkg/syscall/js/#CopyBytesToGo"><code>CopyBytesToGo</code></a> and
<a href="/pkg/syscall/js/#CopyBytesToJS"><code>CopyBytesToJS</code></a> for copying bytes
between a byte slice and a <code>Uint8Array</code>.
<a href="/pkg/syscall/js/#CopyBytesToJS"><code>CopyBytesToJS</code></a> for copying bytes between a byte slice and a Uint8Array.
</p>
</dl><!-- syscall/js -->

View File

@@ -1,924 +0,0 @@
<!--{
"Title": "Go 1.14 Release Notes",
"Path": "/doc/go1.14"
}-->
<!--
NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
-->
<style>
main ul li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
</style>
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction to Go 1.14</h2>
<p>
The latest Go release, version 1.14, arrives six months after <a href="go1.13">Go 1.13</a>.
Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries.
As always, the release maintains the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat.html">promise of compatibility</a>.
We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before.
</p>
<p>
Module support in the <code>go</code> command is now ready for production use,
and we encourage all users to <a href="https://blog.golang.org/migrating-to-go-modules">migrate to Go
modules for dependency management</a>. If you are unable to migrate due to a problem in the Go
toolchain, please ensure that the problem has an
<a href="https://golang.org/issue?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Amodules">open issue</a>
filed. (If the issue is not on the <code>Go1.15</code> milestone, please let us
know why it prevents you from migrating so that we can prioritize it
appropriately.)
</p>
<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
<p>
Per the <a href="https://github.com/golang/proposal/blob/master/design/6977-overlapping-interfaces.md">overlapping interfaces proposal</a>,
Go 1.14 now permits embedding of interfaces with overlapping method sets:
methods from an embedded interface may have the same names and identical signatures
as methods already present in the (embedding) interface. This solves problems that typically
(but not exclusively) occur with diamond-shaped embedding graphs.
Explicitly declared methods in an interface must remain
<a href="https://tip.golang.org/ref/spec#Uniqueness_of_identifiers">unique</a>, as before.
</p>
<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
<h3 id="darwin">Darwin</h3>
<p>
Go 1.14 is the last release that will run on macOS 10.11 El Capitan.
Go 1.15 will require macOS 10.12 Sierra or later.
</p>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/34749 -->
Go 1.14 is the last Go release to support 32-bit binaries on
macOS (the <code>darwin/386</code> port). They are no longer
supported by macOS, starting with macOS 10.15 (Catalina).
Go continues to support the 64-bit <code>darwin/amd64</code> port.
</p>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/34751 -->
Go 1.14 will likely be the last Go release to support 32-bit
binaries on iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS
(the <code>darwin/arm</code> port). Go continues to support the
64-bit <code>darwin/arm64</code> port.
</p>
<h3 id="windows">Windows</h3>
<p><!-- CL 203601 -->
Go binaries on Windows now
have <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/memory/data-execution-prevention">DEP
(Data Execution Prevention)</a> enabled.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 202439 -->
On Windows, creating a file
via <a href="/pkg/os#CreateFile"><code>os.OpenFile</code></a> with
the <a href="/pkg/os/#O_CREATE"><code>os.O_CREATE</code></a> flag, or
via <a href="/pkg/syscall#Open"><code>syscall.Open</code></a> with
the <a href="/pkg/syscall#O_CREAT"><code>syscall.O_CREAT</code></a>
flag, will now create the file as read-only if the
bit <code>0o200</code> (owner write permission) is not set in the
permission argument. This makes the behavior on Windows more like
that on Unix systems.
</p>
<h3 id="wasm">WebAssembly</h3>
<p><!-- CL 203600 -->
JavaScript values referenced from Go via <code>js.Value</code>
objects can now be garbage collected.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 203600 -->
<code>js.Value</code> values can no longer be compared using
the <code>==</code> operator, and instead must be compared using
their <code>Equal</code> method.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 203600 -->
<code>js.Value</code> now
has <code>IsUndefined</code>, <code>IsNull</code>,
and <code>IsNaN</code> methods.
</p>
<h3 id="riscv">RISC-V</h3>
<p><!-- Issue 27532 -->
Go 1.14 contains experimental support for 64-bit RISC-V on Linux
(<code>GOOS=linux</code>, <code>GOARCH=riscv64</code>). Be aware
that performance, assembly syntax stability, and possibly
correctness are a work in progress.
</p>
<h3 id="freebsd">FreeBSD</h3>
<p><!-- CL 199919 -->
Go now supports the 64-bit ARM architecture on FreeBSD 12.0 or later (the
<code>freebsd/arm64</code> port).
</p>
<h3 id="nacl">Native Client (NaCl)</h3>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/30439 -->
As <a href="go1.13#ports">announced</a> in the Go 1.13 release notes,
Go 1.14 drops support for the Native Client platform (<code>GOOS=nacl</code>).
</p>
<h3 id="illumos">Illumos</h3>
<p><!-- CL 203758 -->
The runtime now respects zone CPU caps
(the <code>zone.cpu-cap</code> resource control)
for <code>runtime.NumCPU</code> and the default value
of <code>GOMAXPROCS</code>.
</p>
<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
<h3 id="go-command">Go command</h3>
<h4 id="vendor">Vendoring</h4>
<!-- golang.org/issue/33848 -->
<p>
When the main module contains a top-level <code>vendor</code> directory and
its <code>go.mod</code> file specifies <code>go</code> <code>1.14</code> or
higher, the <code>go</code> command now defaults to <code>-mod=vendor</code>
for operations that accept that flag. A new value for that flag,
<code>-mod=mod</code>, causes the <code>go</code> command to instead load
modules from the module cache (as when no <code>vendor</code> directory is
present).
</p>
<p>
When <code>-mod=vendor</code> is set (explicitly or by default), the
<code>go</code> command now verifies that the main module's
<code>vendor/modules.txt</code> file is consistent with its
<code>go.mod</code> file.
</p>
<p>
<code>go</code> <code>list</code> <code>-m</code> no longer silently omits
transitive dependencies that do not provide packages in
the <code>vendor</code> directory. It now fails explicitly if
<code>-mod=vendor</code> is set and information is requested for a module not
mentioned in <code>vendor/modules.txt</code>.
</p>
<h4 id="go-flags">Flags</h4>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/32502, golang.org/issue/30345 -->
The <code>go</code> <code>get</code> command no longer accepts
the <code>-mod</code> flag. Previously, the flag's setting either
<a href="https://golang.org/issue/30345">was ignored</a> or
<a href="https://golang.org/issue/32502">caused the build to fail</a>.
</p>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/33326 -->
<code>-mod=readonly</code> is now set by default when the <code>go.mod</code>
file is read-only and no top-level <code>vendor</code> directory is present.
</p>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/31481 -->
<code>-modcacherw</code> is a new flag that instructs the <code>go</code>
command to leave newly-created directories in the module cache at their
default permissions rather than making them read-only.
The use of this flag makes it more likely that tests or other tools will
accidentally add files not included in the module's verified checksum.
However, it allows the use of <code>rm</code> <code>-rf</code>
(instead of <code>go</code> <code>clean</code> <code>-modcache</code>)
to remove the module cache.
</p>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/34506 -->
<code>-modfile=file</code> is a new flag that instructs the <code>go</code>
command to read (and possibly write) an alternate <code>go.mod</code> file
instead of the one in the module root directory. A file
named <code>go.mod</code> must still be present in order to determine the
module root directory, but it is not accessed. When <code>-modfile</code> is
specified, an alternate <code>go.sum</code> file is also used: its path is
derived from the <code>-modfile</code> flag by trimming the <code>.mod</code>
extension and appending <code>.sum</code>.
</p>
<h4 id="go-env-vars">Environment variables</h4>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/32966 -->
<code>GOINSECURE</code> is a new environment variable that instructs
the <code>go</code> command to not require an HTTPS connection, and to skip
certificate validation, when fetching certain modules directly from their
origins. Like the existing <code>GOPRIVATE</code> variable, the value
of <code>GOINSECURE</code> is a comma-separated list of glob patterns.
</p>
<h4 id="commands-outside-modules">Commands outside modules</h4>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/32027 -->
When module-aware mode is enabled explicitly (by setting
<code>GO111MODULE=on</code>), most module commands have more
limited functionality if no <code>go.mod</code> file is present. For
example, <code>go</code> <code>build</code>,
<code>go</code> <code>run</code>, and other build commands can only build
packages in the standard library and packages specified as <code>.go</code>
files on the command line.
</p>
<p>
Previously, the <code>go</code> command would resolve each package path
to the latest version of a module but would not record the module path
or version. This resulted in <a href="https://golang.org/issue/32027">slow,
non-reproducible builds</a>.
</p>
<p>
<code>go</code> <code>get</code> continues to work as before, as do
<code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>download</code> and
<code>go</code> <code>list</code> <code>-m</code> with explicit versions.
</p>
<h4 id="incompatible-versions"><code>+incompatible</code> versions</h4>
<!-- golang.org/issue/34165 -->
<p>
If the latest version of a module contains a <code>go.mod</code> file,
<code>go</code> <code>get</code> will no longer upgrade to an
<a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Module_compatibility_and_semantic_versioning">incompatible</a>
major version of that module unless such a version is requested explicitly
or is already required.
<code>go</code> <code>list</code> also omits incompatible major versions
for such a module when fetching directly from version control, but may
include them if reported by a proxy.
</p>
<h4 id="go.mod"><code>go.mod</code> file maintenance</h4>
<!-- golang.org/issue/34822 -->
<p>
<code>go</code> commands other than
<code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>tidy</code> no longer
remove a <code>require</code> directive that specifies a version of an indirect dependency
that is already implied by other (transitive) dependencies of the main
module.
</p>
<p>
<code>go</code> commands other than
<code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>tidy</code> no longer
edit the <code>go.mod</code> file if the changes are only cosmetic.
</p>
<p>
When <code>-mod=readonly</code> is set, <code>go</code> commands will no
longer fail due to a missing <code>go</code> directive or an erroneous
<code>//&nbsp;indirect</code> comment.
</p>
<h4 id="module-downloading">Module downloading</h4>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/26092 -->
The <code>go</code> command now supports Subversion repositories in module mode.
</p>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/30748 -->
The <code>go</code> command now includes snippets of plain-text error messages
from module proxies and other HTTP servers.
An error message will only be shown if it is valid UTF-8 and consists of only
graphic characters and spaces.
</p>
<h4 id="go-test">Testing</h4>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/24929 -->
<code>go test -v</code> now streams <code>t.Log</code> output as it happens,
rather than at the end of all tests.
</p>
<h2 id="runtime">Runtime</h2>
<p><!-- CL 190098 -->
This release improves the performance of most uses
of <code>defer</code> to incur almost zero overhead compared to
calling the deferred function directly.
As a result, <code>defer</code> can now be used in
performance-critical code without overhead concerns.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 201760, CL 201762 and many others -->
Goroutines are now asynchronously preemptible.
As a result, loops without function calls no longer potentially
deadlock the scheduler or significantly delay garbage collection.
This is supported on all platforms except <code>windows/arm</code>,
<code>darwin/arm</code>, <code>js/wasm</code>, and
<code>plan9/*</code>.
</p>
<p>
A consequence of the implementation of preemption is that on Unix
systems, including Linux and macOS systems, programs built with Go
1.14 will receive more signals than programs built with earlier
releases.
This means that programs that use packages
like <a href="/pkg/syscall/"><code>syscall</code></a>
or <a href="https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/sys/unix"><code>golang.org/x/sys/unix</code></a>
will see more slow system calls fail with <code>EINTR</code> errors.
Those programs will have to handle those errors in some way, most
likely looping to try the system call again. For more
information about this
see <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/signal.7.html"><code>man
7 signal</code></a> for Linux systems or similar documentation for
other systems.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 201765, CL 195701 and many others -->
The page allocator is more efficient and incurs significantly less
lock contention at high values of <code>GOMAXPROCS</code>.
This is most noticeable as lower latency and higher throughput for
large allocations being done in parallel and at a high rate.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 171844 and many others -->
Internal timers, used by
<a href="/pkg/time/#After"><code>time.After</code></a>,
<a href="/pkg/time/#Tick"><code>time.Tick</code></a>,
<a href="/pkg/net/#Conn"><code>net.Conn.SetDeadline</code></a>,
and friends, are more efficient, with less lock contention and fewer
context switches.
This is a performance improvement that should not cause any user
visible changes.
</p>
<h2 id="compiler">Compiler</h2>
<p><!-- CL 162237 -->
This release adds <code>-d=checkptr</code> as a compile-time option
for adding instrumentation to check that Go code is following
<code>unsafe.Pointer</code> safety rules dynamically.
This option is enabled by default (except on Windows) with
the <code>-race</code> or <code>-msan</code> flags, and can be
disabled with <code>-gcflags=all=-d=checkptr=0</code>.
Specifically, <code>-d=checkptr</code> checks the following:
</p>
<ol>
<li>
When converting <code>unsafe.Pointer</code> to <code>*T</code>,
the resulting pointer must be aligned appropriately
for <code>T</code>.
</li>
<li>
If the result of pointer arithmetic points into a Go heap object,
one of the <code>unsafe.Pointer</code>-typed operands must point
into the same object.
</li>
</ol>
<p>
Using <code>-d=checkptr</code> is not currently recommended on
Windows because it causes false alerts in the standard library.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 204338 -->
The compiler can now emit machine-readable logs of key optimizations
using the <code>-json</code> flag, including inlining, escape
analysis, bounds-check elimination, and nil-check elimination.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 196959 -->
Detailed escape analysis diagnostics (<code>-m=2</code>) now work again.
This had been dropped from the new escape analysis implementation in
the previous release.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 196217 -->
All Go symbols in macOS binaries now begin with an underscore,
following platform conventions.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 202117 -->
This release includes experimental support for compiler-inserted
coverage instrumentation for fuzzing.
See <a href="https://golang.org/issue/14565">issue 14565</a> for more
details.
This API may change in future releases.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 174704 --><!-- CL 196784 -->
Bounds check elimination now uses information from slice creation and can
eliminate checks for indexes with types smaller than <code>int</code>.
</p>
<h2 id="library">Core library</h2>
<h3 id="hash/maphash">New byte sequence hashing package</h3>
<p> <!-- golang.org/issue/28322, CL 186877 -->
Go 1.14 includes a new package,
<a href="/pkg/hash/maphash/"><code>hash/maphash</code></a>,
which provides hash functions on byte sequences.
These hash functions are intended to be used to implement hash tables or
other data structures that need to map arbitrary strings or byte
sequences to a uniform distribution on unsigned 64-bit integers.
</p>
<p>
The hash functions are collision-resistant but not cryptographically secure.
</p>
<p>
The hash value of a given byte sequence is consistent within a
single process, but will be different in different processes.
</p>
<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
<p>
As always, there are various minor changes and updates to the library,
made with the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>
in mind.
</p>
<dl id="crypto/tls"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/">crypto/tls</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 191976 -->
Support for SSL version 3.0 (SSLv3) has been removed. Note that SSLv3 is the
<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7568">cryptographically broken</a>
protocol predating TLS.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 191999 -->
TLS 1.3 can't be disabled via the <code>GODEBUG</code> environment
variable anymore. Use the
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.MaxVersion"><code>Config.MaxVersion</code></a>
field to configure TLS versions.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 205059 -->
When multiple certificate chains are provided through the
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.Certificates"><code>Config.Certificates</code></a>
field, the first one compatible with the peer is now automatically
selected. This allows for example providing an ECDSA and an RSA
certificate, and letting the package automatically select the best one.
Note that the performance of this selection is going to be poor unless the
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Certificate.Leaf"><code>Certificate.Leaf</code></a>
field is set. The
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.NameToCertificate"><code>Config.NameToCertificate</code></a>
field, which only supports associating a single certificate with
a give name, is now deprecated and should be left as <code>nil</code>.
Similarly the
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.BuildNameToCertificate"><code>Config.BuildNameToCertificate</code></a>
method, which builds the <code>NameToCertificate</code> field
from the leaf certificates, is now deprecated and should not be
called.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 175517 -->
The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#CipherSuites"><code>CipherSuites</code></a>
and <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#InsecureCipherSuites"><code>InsecureCipherSuites</code></a>
functions return a list of currently implemented cipher suites.
The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#CipherSuiteName"><code>CipherSuiteName</code></a>
function returns a name for a cipher suite ID.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 205058, 205057 -->
The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#ClientHelloInfo.SupportsCertificate">
<code>(*ClientHelloInfo).SupportsCertificate</code></a> and
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#CertificateRequestInfo.SupportsCertificate">
<code>(*CertificateRequestInfo).SupportsCertificate</code></a>
methods expose whether a peer supports a certain certificate.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 174329 -->
The <code>tls</code> package no longer supports the legacy Next Protocol
Negotiation (NPN) extension and now only supports ALPN. In previous
releases it supported both. There are no API changes and applications
should function identically as before. Most other clients and servers have
already removed NPN support in favor of the standardized ALPN.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 205063, 205062 -->
RSA-PSS signatures are now used when supported in TLS 1.2 handshakes. This
won't affect most applications, but custom
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Certificate.PrivateKey"><code>Certificate.PrivateKey</code></a>
implementations that don't support RSA-PSS signatures will need to use the new
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Certificate.SupportedSignatureAlgorithms">
<code>Certificate.SupportedSignatureAlgorithms</code></a>
field to disable them.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 205059, 205059 -->
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.Certificates"><code>Config.Certificates</code></a> and
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.GetCertificate"><code>Config.GetCertificate</code></a>
can now both be nil if
<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config.GetConfigForClient"><code>Config.GetConfigForClient</code></a>
is set. If the callbacks return neither certificates nor an error, the
<code>unrecognized_name</code> is now sent.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 205058 -->
The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/#CertificateRequestInfo.Version"><code>CertificateRequestInfo.Version</code></a>
field provides the TLS version to client certificates callbacks.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 205068 -->
The new <code>TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256</code> and
<code>TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256</code> constants use
the final names for the cipher suites previously referred to as
<code>TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305</code> and
<code>TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- crypto/tls -->
<dl id="crypto/x509"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/">crypto/x509</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 204046 -->
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#Certificate.CreateCRL"><code>Certificate.CreateCRL</code></a>
now supports Ed25519 issuers.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl id="debug/dwarf"><dt><a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/">debug/dwarf</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 175138 -->
The <code>debug/dwarf</code> package now supports reading DWARF
version 5.
</p>
<p>
The new
method <a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/#Data.AddSection"><code>(*Data).AddSection</code></a>
supports adding arbitrary new DWARF sections from the input file
to the DWARF <code>Data</code>.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 192698 -->
The new
method <a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/#Reader.ByteOrder"><code>(*Reader).ByteOrder</code></a>
returns the byte order of the current compilation unit.
This may be used to interpret attributes that are encoded in the
native ordering, such as location descriptions.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 192699 -->
The new
method <a href="/pkg/debug/dwarf/#LineReader.Files"><code>(*LineReader).Files</code></a>
returns the file name table from a line reader.
This may be used to interpret the value of DWARF attributes such
as <code>AttrDeclFile</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- debug/dwarf -->
<dl id="encoding/asn1"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/">encoding/asn1</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 126624 -->
<a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#Unmarshal"><code>Unmarshal</code></a>
now supports ASN.1 string type BMPString, represented by the new
<a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#TagBMPString"><code>TagBMPString</code></a>
constant.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- encoding/asn1 -->
<dl id="encoding/json"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/json/">encoding/json</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 200677 -->
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Decoder"><code>Decoder</code></a>
type supports a new
method <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Decoder.InputOffset"><code>InputOffset</code></a>
that returns the input stream byte offset of the current
decoder position.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 200217 -->
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Compact"><code>Compact</code></a> no longer
escapes the <code>U+2028</code> and <code>U+2029</code> characters, which
was never a documented feature. For proper escaping, see <a
href="/pkg/encoding/json/#HTMLEscape"><code>HTMLEscape</code></a>.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 195045 -->
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Number"><code>Number</code></a> no longer
accepts invalid numbers, to follow the documented behavior more closely.
If a program needs to accept invalid numbers like the empty string,
consider wrapping the type with <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Unmarshaler"><code>Unmarshaler</code></a>.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 200237 -->
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Unmarshal"><code>Unmarshal</code></a>
can now support map keys with string underlying type which implement
<a href="/pkg/encoding/#TextUnmarshaler"><code>encoding.TextUnmarshaler</code></a>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- encoding/json -->
<dl id="go/build"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/build/">go/build</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 203820, 211657 -->
The <a href="/pkg/go/build/#Context"><code>Context</code></a>
type has a new field <code>Dir</code> which may be used to set
the working directory for the build.
The default is the current directory of the running process.
In module mode, this is used to locate the main module.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- go/build -->
<dl id="go/doc"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/doc/">go/doc</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 204830 -->
The new
function <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#NewFromFiles"><code>NewFromFiles</code></a>
computes package documentation from a list
of <code>*ast.File</code>'s and associates examples with the
appropriate package elements.
The new information is available in a new <code>Examples</code>
field
in the <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Package"><code>Package</code></a>, <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Type"><code>Type</code></a>,
and <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Func"><code>Func</code></a> types, and a
new <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Example.Suffix"><code>Suffix</code></a>
field in
the <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Example"><code>Example</code></a>
type.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- go/doc -->
<dl id="io/ioutil"><dt><a href="/pkg/io/ioutil/">io/ioutil</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 198488 -->
<a href="/pkg/io/ioutil/#TempDir"><code>TempDir</code></a> can now create directories
whose names have predictable prefixes and suffixes.
As with <a href="/pkg/io/ioutil/#TempFile"><code>TempFile</code></a>, if the pattern
contains a '*', the random string replaces the last '*'.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl id="log"><dt><a href="/pkg/log/">log</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 186182 -->
The
new <a href="https://tip.golang.org/pkg/log/#pkg-constants"><code>Lmsgprefix</code></a>
flag may be used to tell the logging functions to emit the
optional output prefix immediately before the log message rather
than at the start of the line.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- log -->
<dl id="math"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/">math</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 127458 -->
The new <a href="/pkg/math/#FMA"><code>FMA</code></a> function
computes <code>x*y+z</code> in floating point with no
intermediate rounding of the <code>x*y</code>
computation. Several architectures implement this computation
using dedicated hardware instructions for additional performance.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- math -->
<dl id="math/big"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/big/">math/big</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 164972 -->
The <a href="/pkg/math/big/#Int.GCD"><code>GCD</code></a> method
now allows the inputs <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> to be
zero or negative.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- math/big -->
<dl id="math/bits"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/bits/">math/bits</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 197838 -->
The new functions
<a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Rem"><code>Rem</code></a>,
<a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Rem32"><code>Rem32</code></a>, and
<a href="/pkg/math/bits/#Rem64"><code>Rem64</code></a>
support computing a remainder even when the quotient overflows.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- math/bits -->
<dl id="mime"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/">mime</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 186927 -->
The default type of <code>.js</code> and <code>.mjs</code> files
is now <code>text/javascript</code> rather
than <code>application/javascript</code>.
This is in accordance
with <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-dispatch-javascript-mjs/">an
IETF draft</a> that treats <code>application/javascript</code> as obsolete.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- mime -->
<dl id="mime/multipart"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/">mime/multipart</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The
new <a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a>
method <a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/#Reader.NextRawPart"><code>NextRawPart</code></a>
supports fetching the next MIME part without transparently
decoding <code>quoted-printable</code> data.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- mime/multipart -->
<dl id="net/http"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/">net/http</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 200760 -->
The new <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Header"><code>Header</code></a>
method <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Header.Values"><code>Values</code></a>
can be used to fetch all values associated with a
canonicalized key.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 61291 -->
The
new <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport"><code>Transport</code></a>
field <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport.DialTLSContext"><code>DialTLSContext</code></a>
can be used to specify an optional dial function for creating
TLS connections for non-proxied HTTPS requests.
This new field can be used instead
of <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Transport.DialTLS"><code>DialTLS</code></a>,
which is now considered deprecated; <code>DialTLS</code> will
continue to work, but new code should
use <code>DialTLSContext</code>, which allows the transport to
cancel dials as soon as they are no longer needed.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 192518, CL 194218 -->
On Windows, <a href="/pkg/net/http/#ServeFile"><code>ServeFile</code></a> now correctly
serves files larger than 2GB.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- net/http -->
<dl id="net/http/httptest"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/httptest/">net/http/httptest</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 201557 -->
The
new <a href="/pkg/net/http/httptest/#Server"><code>Server</code></a>
field <a href="/pkg/net/http/httptest/#Server.EnableHTTP2"><code>EnableHTTP2</code></a>
supports enabling HTTP/2 on the test server.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- net/http/httptest -->
<dl id="net/textproto"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/textproto/">net/textproto</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 200760 -->
The
new <a href="/pkg/net/textproto/#MIMEHeader"><code>MIMEHeader</code></a>
method <a href="/pkg/net/textproto/#MIMEHeader.Values"><code>Values</code></a>
can be used to fetch all values associated with a canonicalized
key.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- net/textproto -->
<dl id="net/url"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/url/">net/url</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 185117 -->
When parsing of a URL fails
(for example by <a href="/pkg/net/url/#Parse"><code>Parse</code></a>
or <a href="/pkg/net/url/#ParseRequestURI"><code>ParseRequestURI</code></a>),
the resulting <a href="/pkg/net/url/#Error.Error"><code>Error</code></a> message
will now quote the unparsable URL.
This provides clearer structure and consistency with other parsing errors.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- net/url -->
<dl id="os/signal"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/signal/">os/signal</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 187739 -->
On Windows,
the <code>CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT</code>, <code>CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT</code>,
and <code>CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT</code> events now generate
a <code>syscall.SIGTERM</code> signal, similar to how Control-C
and Control-Break generate a <code>syscall.SIGINT</code> signal.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- os/signal -->
<dl id="plugin"><dt><a href="/pkg/plugin/">plugin</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 191617 -->
The <code>plugin</code> package now supports <code>freebsd/amd64</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- plugin -->
<dl id="reflect"><dt><a href="/pkg/reflect/">reflect</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 85661 -->
<a href="/pkg/reflect#StructOf"><code>StructOf</code></a> now
supports creating struct types with unexported fields, by
setting the <code>PkgPath</code> field in
a <code>StructField</code> element.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- reflect -->
<dl id="pkg-runtime"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/">runtime</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 200081 -->
<code>runtime.Goexit</code> can no longer be aborted by a
recursive <code>panic</code>/<code>recover</code>.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 188297, CL 191785 -->
On macOS, <code>SIGPIPE</code> is no longer forwarded to signal
handlers installed before the Go runtime is initialized.
This is necessary because macOS delivers <code>SIGPIPE</code>
<a href="https://golang.org/issue/33384">to the main thread</a>
rather than the thread writing to the closed pipe.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- runtime -->
<dl id="runtime/pprof"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof/">runtime/pprof</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 204636, 205097 -->
The generated profile no longer includes the pseudo-PCs used for inline
marks. Symbol information of inlined functions is encoded in
<a href="https://github.com/google/pprof/blob/5e96527/proto/profile.proto#L177-L184">the format</a>
the pprof tool expects. This is a fix for the regression introduced
during recent releases.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- runtime/pprof -->
<dl id="strconv"><dt><a href="/pkg/strconv/">strconv</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The <a href="/pkg/strconv/#NumError"><code>NumError</code></a>
type now has
an <a href="/pkg/strconv/#NumError.Unwrap"><code>Unwrap</code></a>
method that may be used to retrieve the reason that a conversion
failed.
This supports using <code>NumError</code> values
with <a href="/pkg/errors/#Is"><code>errors.Is</code></a> to see
if the underlying error
is <a href="/pkg/strconv/#pkg-variables"><code>strconv.ErrRange</code></a>
or <a href="/pkg/strconv/#pkg-variables"><code>strconv.ErrSyntax</code></a>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- strconv -->
<dl id="sync"><dt><a href="/pkg/sync/">sync</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 200577 -->
Unlocking a highly contended <code>Mutex</code> now directly
yields the CPU to the next goroutine waiting for
that <code>Mutex</code>. This significantly improves the
performance of highly contended mutexes on high CPU count
machines.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- sync -->
<dl id="testing"><dt><a href="/pkg/testing/">testing</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 201359 -->
The testing package now supports cleanup functions, called after
a test or benchmark has finished, by calling
<a href="/pkg/testing#T.Cleanup"><code>T.Cleanup</code></a> or
<a href="/pkg/testing#B.Cleanup"><code>B.Cleanup</code></a> respectively.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- testing -->
<dl id="text/template"><dt><a href="/pkg/text/template/">text/template</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 206124 -->
The text/template package now correctly reports errors when a
parenthesized argument is used as a function.
This most commonly shows up in erroneous cases like
<code>{{if (eq .F "a") or (eq .F "b")}}</code>.
This should be written as <code>{{if or (eq .F "a") (eq .F "b")}}</code>.
The erroneous case never worked as expected, and will now be
reported with an error <code>can't give argument to non-function</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- text/template -->
<dl id="unicode"><dt><a href="/pkg/unicode/">unicode</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The <a href="/pkg/unicode/"><code>unicode</code></a> package and associated
support throughout the system has been upgraded from Unicode 11.0 to
<a href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode12.0.0/">Unicode 12.0</a>,
which adds 554 new characters, including four new scripts, and 61 new emoji.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- unicode -->

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<!--{
"Title": "Go 1.16 Release Notes",
"Path": "/doc/go1.16"
}-->
<!--
NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
-->
<style>
main ul li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
</style>
<h2 id="introduction">DRAFT RELEASE NOTES — Introduction to Go 1.16</h2>
<p>
<strong>
Go 1.16 is not yet released. These are work-in-progress
release notes. Go 1.16 is expected to be released in February 2021.
</strong>
</p>
<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
<p>
TODO
</p>
<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
<p>
TODO
</p>
<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
<p>
TODO
</p>
<h3 id="go-command">Go command</h3>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/24031 -->
<code>retract</code> directives may now be used in a <code>go.mod</code> file
to indicate that certain published versions of the module should not be used
by other modules. A module author may retract a version after a severe problem
is discovered or if the version was published unintentionally.<br>
TODO: write and link to section in golang.org/ref/mod<br>
TODO: write and link to tutorial or blog post
</p>
<p><!-- golang.org/issue/29062 -->
When using <code>go test</code>, a test that
calls <code>os.Exit(0)</code> during execution of a test function
will now be considered to fail.
This will help catch cases in which a test calls code that calls
os.Exit(0) and thereby stops running all future tests.
If a <code>TestMain</code> function calls <code>os.Exit(0)</code>
that is still considered to be a passing test.
</p>
<h4 id="all-pattern">The <code>all</code> pattern</h4>
<p><!-- golang.org/cl/240623 -->
When the main module's <code>go.mod</code> file
declares <code>go</code> <code>1.16</code> or higher, the <code>all</code>
package pattern now matches only those packages that are transitively imported
by a package or test found in the main module. (Packages imported by <em>tests
of</em> packages imported by the main module are no longer included.) This is
the same set of packages retained
by <code>go</code> <code>mod</code> <code>vendor</code> since Go 1.11.
</p>
<p>
TODO
</p>
<h2 id="runtime">Runtime</h2>
<p>
TODO
</p>
<h2 id="compiler">Compiler</h2>
<p>
TODO
</p>
<h2 id="linker">Linker</h2>
<p>
This release includes additional improvements to the Go linker,
reducing linker resource usage (both time and memory) and improving
code robustness/maintainability. These changes form the second half
of a two-release project to
<a href="https://golang.org/s/better-linker">modernize the Go
linker</a>.
</p>
<p>
The linker changes in 1.16 extend the 1.15 improvements to all
supported architecture/OS combinations (the 1.15 performance improvements
were primarily focused on <code>ELF</code>-based OSes and
<code>amd64</code> architectures). For a representative set of
large Go programs, linking is 20-35% faster than 1.15 and requires
5-15% less memory on average for <code>linux/amd64</code>, with larger
improvements for other architectures and OSes.
</p>
<p>
TODO: update with final numbers later in the release.
</p>
<h2 id="library">Core library</h2>
<p>
TODO
</p>
<h3 id="net"><a href="/pkg/net/">net</a></h3>
<p><!-- CL 250357 -->
The case of I/O on a closed network connection, or I/O on a network
connection that is closed before any of the I/O completes, can now
be detected using the new <a href="/pkg/net/#ErrClosed">ErrClosed</a> error.
A typical use would be <code>errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed)</code>.
In earlier releases the only way to reliably detect this case was to
match the string returned by the <code>Error</code> method
with <code>"use of closed network connection"</code>.
</p>
<h3 id="text/template/parse"><a href="/pkg/text/template/parse/">text/template/parse</a></h3>
<p><!-- CL 229398, golang.org/issue/34652 -->
A new <a href="/pkg/text/template/parse/#CommentNode"><code>CommentNode</code></a>
was added to the parse tree. The <a href="/pkg/text/template/parse/#Mode"><code>Mode</code></a>
field in the <code>parse.Tree</code> enables access to it.
</p>
<!-- text/template/parse -->
<h3 id="unicode"><a href="/pkg/unicode/">unicode</a></h3>
<p><!-- CL 248765 -->
The <a href="/pkg/unicode/"><code>unicode</code></a> package and associated
support throughout the system has been upgraded from Unicode 12.0.0 to
<a href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/">Unicode 13.0.0</a>,
which adds 5,930 new characters, including four new scripts, and 55 new emoji.
Unicode 13.0.0 also designates plane 3 (U+30000-U+3FFFF) as the tertiary
ideographic plane.
</p>
<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
<p>
As always, there are various minor changes and updates to the library,
made with the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>
in mind.
</p>
<p>
TODO
</p>
<dl id="net/http"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/">net/http</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 233637 -->
In the <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package, the
behavior of <a href="/pkg/net/http/#StripPrefix"><code>StripPrefix</code></a>
has been changed to strip the prefix from the request URL's
<code>RawPath</code> field in addition to its <code>Path</code> field.
In past releases, only the <code>Path</code> field was trimmed, and so if the
request URL contained any escaped characters the URL would be modified to
have mismatched <code>Path</code> and <code>RawPath</code> fields.
In Go 1.16, <code>StripPrefix</code> trims both fields.
If there are escaped characters in the prefix part of the request URL the
handler serves a 404 instead of its previous behavior of invoking the
underlying handler with a mismatched <code>Path</code>/<code>RawPath</code> pair.
</p>
<p><!-- CL 252497 -->
The <a href="/pkg/net/http/"><code>net/http</code></a> package now rejects HTTP range requests
of the form <code>"Range": "bytes=--N"</code> where <code>"-N"</code> is a negative suffix length, for
example <code>"Range": "bytes=--2"</code>. It now replies with a <code>416 "Range Not Satisfiable"</code> response.
</p>
</dd>
</dl><!-- net/http -->

View File

@@ -862,7 +862,7 @@ version of gccgo.
</dl><!-- reflect -->
<dl id="pkg-runtime"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/">runtime</a></dt>
<dl id="runtime"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/">runtime</a></dt>
<dd>
<p><!-- CL 37233, CL 37726 -->
Tracebacks generated by the runtime and recorded in profiles are

View File

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ garbage collection, or at least some sort of safe automatic memory management wa
<p>
These considerations led to
<a href="https://commandcenter.blogspot.com/2017/09/go-ten-years-and-climbing.html">a
<a href="https://commandcenter.blogspot.com/2017/09/go-ten-years-and-climbing.html">a
series of discussions</a> from which Go arose, first as a set of ideas and
desiderata, then as a language.
An overarching goal was that Go do more to help the working programmer
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ when used well, can result in clean error-handling code.
See the <a href="/doc/articles/defer_panic_recover.html">Defer, Panic, and Recover</a> article for details.
Also, the <a href="https://blog.golang.org/errors-are-values">Errors are values</a> blog post
describes one approach to handling errors cleanly in Go by demonstrating that,
since errors are just values, the full power of Go can be deployed in error handling.
since errors are just values, the full power of Go can deployed in error handling.
</p>
<h3 id="assertions">
@@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@ Why does "go get" use HTTPS when cloning a repository?</h3>
<p>
Companies often permit outgoing traffic only on the standard TCP ports 80 (HTTP)
and 443 (HTTPS), blocking outgoing traffic on other ports, including TCP port 9418
and 443 (HTTPS), blocking outgoing traffic on other ports, including TCP port 9418
(git) and TCP port 22 (SSH).
When using HTTPS instead of HTTP, <code>git</code> enforces certificate validation by
default, providing protection against man-in-the-middle, eavesdropping and tampering attacks.

View File

@@ -273,7 +273,9 @@ func f() {
a = "hello, world"
&lt;-c
}
</pre>
<pre>
func main() {
go f()
c &lt;- 0

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<!--{
"Title": "The Go Programming Language Specification",
"Subtitle": "Version of Jan 14, 2020",
"Subtitle": "Version of July 31, 2019",
"Path": "/ref/spec"
}-->
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ dependencies.
</p>
<p>
The grammar is compact and simple to parse, allowing for easy analysis
by automatic tools such as integrated development environments.
The grammar is compact and regular, allowing for easy analysis by
automatic tools such as integrated development environments.
</p>
<h2 id="Notation">Notation</h2>
@@ -1244,15 +1244,16 @@ The value of an uninitialized variable of interface type is <code>nil</code>.
</p>
<pre class="ebnf">
InterfaceType = "interface" "{" { ( MethodSpec | InterfaceTypeName ) ";" } "}" .
MethodSpec = MethodName Signature .
InterfaceType = "interface" "{" { MethodSpec ";" } "}" .
MethodSpec = MethodName Signature | InterfaceTypeName .
MethodName = identifier .
InterfaceTypeName = TypeName .
</pre>
<p>
An interface type may specify methods <i>explicitly</i> through method specifications,
or it may <i>embed</i> methods of other interfaces through interface type names.
As with all method sets, in an interface type, each method must have a
<a href="#Uniqueness_of_identifiers">unique</a>
non-<a href="#Blank_identifier">blank</a> name.
</p>
<pre>
@@ -1264,11 +1265,6 @@ interface {
}
</pre>
<p>
The name of each explicitly specified method must be <a href="#Uniqueness_of_identifiers">unique</a>
and not <a href="#Blank_identifier">blank</a>.
</p>
<pre>
interface {
String() string
@@ -1284,9 +1280,9 @@ have the method set
</p>
<pre>
func (p T) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
func (p T) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error)
func (p T) Close() error
func (p T) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) { return … }
func (p T) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) { return … }
func (p T) Close() error { return … }
</pre>
<p>
@@ -1336,41 +1332,27 @@ as the <code>File</code> interface.
<p>
An interface <code>T</code> may use a (possibly qualified) interface type
name <code>E</code> in place of a method specification. This is called
<i>embedding</i> interface <code>E</code> in <code>T</code>.
The <a href="#Method_sets">method set</a> of <code>T</code> is the <i>union</i>
of the method sets of <code>T</code>s explicitly declared methods and of
<code>T</code>s embedded interfaces.
<i>embedding</i> interface <code>E</code> in <code>T</code>; it adds
all (exported and non-exported) methods of <code>E</code> to the interface
<code>T</code>.
</p>
<pre>
type Reader interface {
Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
Close() error
}
type Writer interface {
Write(p []byte) (n int, err error)
Close() error
}
// ReadWriter's methods are Read, Write, and Close.
type ReadWriter interface {
Reader // includes methods of Reader in ReadWriter's method set
Writer // includes methods of Writer in ReadWriter's method set
Read(b Buffer) bool
Write(b Buffer) bool
}
</pre>
<p>
A <i>union</i> of method sets contains the (exported and non-exported)
methods of each method set exactly once, and methods with the
<a href="#Uniqueness_of_identifiers">same</a> names must
have <a href="#Type_identity">identical</a> signatures.
</p>
type File interface {
ReadWriter // same as adding the methods of ReadWriter
Locker // same as adding the methods of Locker
Close()
}
<pre>
type ReadCloser interface {
Reader // includes methods of Reader in ReadCloser's method set
Close() // illegal: signatures of Reader.Close and Close are different
type LockedFile interface {
Locker
File // illegal: Lock, Unlock not unique
Lock() // illegal: Lock not unique
}
</pre>
@@ -2042,7 +2024,7 @@ of the last non-empty expression list.
<p>
A type declaration binds an identifier, the <i>type name</i>, to a <a href="#Types">type</a>.
Type declarations come in two forms: alias declarations and type definitions.
</p>
<p>
<pre class="ebnf">
TypeDecl = "type" ( TypeSpec | "(" { TypeSpec ";" } ")" ) .
@@ -2413,7 +2395,7 @@ operand only on the left-hand side of an <a href="#Assignments">assignment</a>.
Operand = Literal | OperandName | "(" Expression ")" .
Literal = BasicLit | CompositeLit | FunctionLit .
BasicLit = int_lit | float_lit | imaginary_lit | rune_lit | string_lit .
OperandName = identifier | QualifiedIdent .
OperandName = identifier | QualifiedIdent.
</pre>
<h3 id="Qualified_identifiers">Qualified identifiers</h3>
@@ -2553,7 +2535,7 @@ does not have the same effect as allocating a new slice or map value with
</p>
<pre>
p1 := &amp;[]int{} // p1 points to an initialized, empty slice with value []int{} and length 0
p1 := &[]int{} // p1 points to an initialized, empty slice with value []int{} and length 0
p2 := new([]int) // p2 points to an uninitialized slice with value nil and length 0
</pre>
@@ -3290,8 +3272,8 @@ array with the operand.
<pre>
var a [10]int
s1 := a[3:7] // underlying array of s1 is array a; &amp;s1[2] == &amp;a[5]
s2 := s1[1:4] // underlying array of s2 is underlying array of s1 which is array a; &amp;s2[1] == &amp;a[5]
s1 := a[3:7] // underlying array of s1 is array a; &s1[2] == &a[5]
s2 := s1[1:4] // underlying array of s2 is underlying array of s1 which is array a; &s2[1] == &a[5]
s2[1] = 42 // s2[1] == s1[2] == a[5] == 42; they all refer to the same underlying array element
</pre>
@@ -3732,7 +3714,7 @@ be replaced by a bitwise AND operation:
<p>
The shift operators shift the left operand by the shift count specified by the
right operand, which must be non-negative. If the shift count is negative at run time,
right operand, which must be positive. If the shift count is negative at run time,
a <a href="#Run_time_panics">run-time panic</a> occurs.
The shift operators implement arithmetic shifts if the left operand is a signed
integer and logical shifts if it is an unsigned integer.
@@ -5279,7 +5261,7 @@ for i, s := range a {
}
var key string
var val interface{} // element type of m is assignable to val
var val interface {} // element type of m is assignable to val
m := map[string]int{"mon":0, "tue":1, "wed":2, "thu":3, "fri":4, "sat":5, "sun":6}
for key, val = range m {
h(key, val)

View File

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
<h2 id="help">Get help</h2>
<img class="gopher" src="/doc/gopher/help.png" alt=""/>
<img class="gopher" src="/doc/gopher/help.png"/>
{{if not $.GoogleCN}}
<h3 id="mailinglist"><a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-nuts">Go Nuts Mailing List</a></h3>

View File

@@ -33,70 +33,80 @@ compiler using the GCC back end, see
</p>
<p>
The Go compilers support the following instruction sets:
The Go compilers support nine instruction sets.
There are important differences in the quality of the compilers for the different
architectures.
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
<code>amd64</code>, <code>386</code>
<code>amd64</code> (also known as <code>x86-64</code>)
</dt>
<dd>
The <code>x86</code> instruction set, 64- and 32-bit.
A mature implementation.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>arm64</code>, <code>arm</code>
<code>386</code> (<code>x86</code> or <code>x86-32</code>)
</dt>
<dd>
The <code>ARM</code> instruction set, 64-bit (<code>AArch64</code>) and 32-bit.
Comparable to the <code>amd64</code> port.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>mips64</code>, <code>mips64le</code>, <code>mips</code>, <code>mipsle</code>
<code>arm</code> (<code>ARM</code>)
</dt>
<dd>
The <code>MIPS</code> instruction set, big- and little-endian, 64- and 32-bit.
Supports Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and Darwin binaries. Less widely used than the other ports.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>ppc64</code>, <code>ppc64le</code>
<code>arm64</code> (<code>AArch64</code>)
</dt>
<dd>
The 64-bit PowerPC instruction set, big- and little-endian.
Supports Linux and Darwin binaries. New in 1.5 and not as well exercised as other ports.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>riscv64</code>
<code>ppc64, ppc64le</code> (64-bit PowerPC big- and little-endian)
</dt>
<dd>
The 64-bit RISC-V instruction set.
Supports Linux binaries. New in 1.5 and not as well exercised as other ports.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>s390x</code>
<code>mips, mipsle</code> (32-bit MIPS big- and little-endian)
</dt>
<dd>
The IBM z/Architecture.
Supports Linux binaries. New in 1.8 and not as well exercised as other ports.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>wasm</code>
<code>mips64, mips64le</code> (64-bit MIPS big- and little-endian)
</dt>
<dd>
<a href="https://webassembly.org">WebAssembly</a>.
Supports Linux binaries. New in 1.6 and not as well exercised as other ports.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>s390x</code> (IBM System z)
</dt>
<dd>
Supports Linux binaries. New in 1.7 and not as well exercised as other ports.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>wasm</code> (WebAssembly)
</dt>
<dd>
Targets the WebAssembly platform. New in 1.11 and not as well exercised as other ports.
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Except for things like low-level operating system interface code, the run-time
support is the same in all ports and includes a mark-and-sweep garbage
collector, efficient array and string slicing, and support for efficient
goroutines, such as stacks that grow and shrink on demand.
</p>
<p>
The compilers can target the AIX, Android, DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD,
Illumos, Linux, macOS/iOS (Darwin), NetBSD, OpenBSD, Plan 9, Solaris,
and Windows operating systems (although not all operating systems
support all architectures).
</p>
<p>
A list of ports which are considered "first class" is available at the
<a href="/wiki/PortingPolicy#first-class-ports">first class ports</a>
wiki page.
</p>
<p>
The full set of supported combinations is listed in the
discussion of <a href="#environment">environment variables</a> below.
The compilers can target the DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD,
macOS (Darwin), Plan 9, Solaris and Windows operating systems.
The full set of supported combinations is listed in the discussion of
<a href="#environment">environment variables</a> below.
</p>
<p>
@@ -112,17 +122,23 @@ Go does not support CentOS 6 on these systems.
</div>
<h2 id="go14">Install Go compiler binaries for bootstrap</h2>
<h2 id="go14">Install Go compiler binaries</h2>
<p>
The Go toolchain is written in Go. To build it, you need a Go compiler installed.
The scripts that do the initial build of the tools look for a "go" command
in <code>$PATH</code>, so as long as you have Go installed in your
system and configured in your <code>$PATH</code>, you are ready to build Go
from source.
Or if you prefer you can set <code>$GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP</code> to the
root of a Go installation to use to build the new Go toolchain;
<code>$GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP/bin/go</code> should be the go command to use.</p>
The scripts that do the initial build of the tools look for an existing Go tool
chain in <code>$GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP</code>.
If unset, the default value of <code>GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP</code>
is <code>$HOME/go1.4</code>.
</p>
<p>
There are many options for the bootstrap toolchain.
After obtaining one, set <code>GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP</code> to the
directory containing the unpacked tree.
For example, <code>$GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP/bin/go</code> should be
the <code>go</code> command binary for the bootstrap toolchain.
</p>
<h3 id="bootstrapFromBinaryRelease">Bootstrap toolchain from binary release</h3>
@@ -247,12 +263,10 @@ that if Go is checked out in <code>$HOME/go</code>, it will conflict with
the default location of <code>$GOPATH</code>.
See <a href="#gopath"><code>GOPATH</code></a> below.</p>
<p>
Reminder: If you opted to also compile the bootstrap binaries from source (in an
earlier section), you still need to <code>git clone</code> again at this point
(to checkout the latest <code>&lt;tag&gt;</code>), because you must keep your
go1.4 repository distinct.
</p>
<h2 id="head">(Optional) Switch to the master branch</h2>
@@ -507,7 +521,7 @@ These default to the values of <code>$GOHOSTOS</code> and
<p>
Choices for <code>$GOOS</code> are
<code>android</code>, <code>darwin</code> (macOS/iOS),
<code>android</code>, <code>darwin</code> (macOS 10.11 and above and iOS),
<code>dragonfly</code>, <code>freebsd</code>, <code>illumos</code>, <code>js</code>,
<code>linux</code>, <code>netbsd</code>, <code>openbsd</code>,
<code>plan9</code>, <code>solaris</code> and <code>windows</code>.
@@ -546,9 +560,15 @@ The valid combinations of <code>$GOOS</code> and <code>$GOARCH</code> are:
<td></td><td><code>android</code></td> <td><code>arm64</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>darwin</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>darwin</code></td> <td><code>amd64</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>darwin</code></td> <td><code>arm</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>darwin</code></td> <td><code>arm64</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
@@ -600,9 +620,6 @@ The valid combinations of <code>$GOOS</code> and <code>$GOARCH</code> are:
<td></td><td><code>linux</code></td> <td><code>mips64le</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>linux</code></td> <td><code>riscv64</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>linux</code></td> <td><code>s390x</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>

View File

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
<p>
<a href="/dl/" target="_blank">Official binary
distributions</a> are available for the FreeBSD (release 10-STABLE and above),
Linux, macOS (10.11 and above), and Windows operating systems and
Linux, macOS (10.10 and above), and Windows operating systems and
the 32-bit (<code>386</code>) and 64-bit (<code>amd64</code>) x86 processor
architectures.
</p>
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ If your OS or architecture is not on the list, you may be able to
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><td>FreeBSD 10.3 or later</td> <td>amd64, 386</td> <td>Debian GNU/kFreeBSD not supported</td></tr>
<tr valign='top'><td>Linux 2.6.23 or later with glibc</td> <td>amd64, 386, arm, arm64,<br>s390x, ppc64le</td> <td>CentOS/RHEL 5.x not supported.<br>Install from source for other libc.</td></tr>
<tr><td>macOS 10.11 or later</td> <td>amd64</td> <td>use the clang or gcc<sup>&#8224;</sup> that comes with Xcode<sup>&#8225;</sup> for <code>cgo</code> support</td></tr>
<tr><td>macOS 10.10 or later</td> <td>amd64</td> <td>use the clang or gcc<sup>&#8224;</sup> that comes with Xcode<sup>&#8225;</sup> for <code>cgo</code> support</td></tr>
<tr valign='top'><td>Windows 7, Server 2008R2 or later</td> <td>amd64, 386</td> <td>use MinGW (<code>386</code>) or MinGW-W64 (<code>amd64</code>) gcc<sup>&#8224;</sup>.<br>No need for cygwin or msys.</td></tr>
</table>
@@ -192,11 +192,20 @@ Settings" option inside the "System" control panel.
<h2 id="testing">Test your installation</h2>
<p>
Check that Go is installed correctly by building a simple program, as follows.
Check that Go is installed correctly by setting up a workspace
and building a simple program, as follows.
</p>
<p>
Create a file named <code>hello.go</code> that looks like:
Create your <a href="code.html#Workspaces">workspace</a> directory,
<code class="testUnix">$HOME/go</code><code class="testWindows">%USERPROFILE%\go</code>.
(If you'd like to use a different directory,
you will need to <a href="https://golang.org/wiki/SettingGOPATH">set the <code>GOPATH</code> environment variable</a>.)
</p>
<p>
Next, make the directory <code class="testUnix">src/hello</code><code class="testWindows">src\hello</code> inside your workspace,
and in that directory create a file named <code>hello.go</code> that looks like:
</p>
<pre>
@@ -214,17 +223,19 @@ Then build it with the <code>go</code> tool:
</p>
<pre class="testUnix">
$ <b>go build hello.go</b>
$ <b>cd $HOME/go/src/hello</b>
$ <b>go build</b>
</pre>
<pre class="testWindows">
C:\Users\Gopher\go\src\hello&gt; <b>go build hello.go</b>
C:\&gt; <b>cd %USERPROFILE%\go\src\hello</b>
C:\Users\Gopher\go\src\hello&gt; <b>go build</b>
</pre>
<p>
The command above will build an executable named
<code class="testUnix">hello</code><code class="testWindows">hello.exe</code>
in the current directory alongside your source code.
in the directory alongside your source code.
Execute it to see the greeting:
</p>
@@ -242,6 +253,12 @@ hello, world
If you see the "hello, world" message then your Go installation is working.
</p>
<p>
You can run <code>go</code> <code>install</code> to install the binary into
your workspace's <code>bin</code> directory
or <code>go</code> <code>clean</code> <code>-i</code> to remove it.
</p>
<p>
Before rushing off to write Go code please read the
<a href="/doc/code.html">How to Write Go Code</a> document,

View File

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
// You can edit this code!
// Click here and start typing.
package main
import "fmt"

View File

@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ const templateStr = `
<br>
<br>
{{end}}
<form action="/" name=f method="GET">
<input maxLength=1024 size=70 name=s value="" title="Text to QR Encode">
<input type=submit value="Show QR" name=qr>
<form action="/" name=f method="GET"><input maxLength=1024 size=70
name=s value="" title="Text to QR Encode"><input type=submit
value="Show QR" name=qr>
</form>
</body>
</html>

View File

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
"regexp"
"runtime"
"strings"
"time"
)
const usage = `go run run.go [tests]
@@ -27,8 +26,6 @@ Tests may be specified without their .go suffix.
`
func main() {
start := time.Now()
flag.Usage = func() {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, usage)
flag.PrintDefaults()
@@ -73,9 +70,6 @@ func main() {
}
}
os.Remove(tmpdir)
if rc == 0 {
fmt.Printf("ok\t%s\t%s\n", filepath.Base(os.Args[0]), time.Since(start).Round(time.Millisecond))
}
os.Exit(rc)
}
@@ -84,7 +78,7 @@ func main() {
// and checks that the output matches the regexp want.
func test(tmpdir, file, want string) error {
// Build the program.
prog := filepath.Join(tmpdir, file+".exe")
prog := filepath.Join(tmpdir, file)
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-o", prog, file+".go")
out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
if err != nil {
@@ -105,7 +99,7 @@ func test(tmpdir, file, want string) error {
// Canonicalize output.
out = bytes.TrimRight(out, "\n")
out = bytes.ReplaceAll(out, []byte{'\n'}, []byte{' '})
out = bytes.Replace(out, []byte{'\n'}, []byte{' '}, -1)
// Check the result.
match, err := regexp.Match(want, out)

164
doc/root.html Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
<!--{
"Path": "/",
"Template": true
}-->
<div class="left">
<div id="learn">
{{if not $.GoogleCN}}
<a class="popout share">Pop-out</a>
{{end}}
<div class="rootHeading">Try Go</div>
<div class="input">
<textarea spellcheck="false" class="code">// You can edit this code!
// Click here and start typing.
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("Hello, 世界")
}</textarea>
</div>
<div class="output">
<pre>
Hello, 世界
</pre>
</div>
<div class="buttons">
<a class="run" href="#" title="Run this code [shift-enter]">Run</a>
{{if not $.GoogleCN}}
<a class="share" href="#" title="Share this code">Share</a>
<a class="tour" href="//tour.golang.org/" title="Learn Go from your browser">Tour</a>
{{end}}
</div>
<div class="toys">
<select>
<option value="hello.go">Hello, World!</option>
<option value="life.go">Conway's Game of Life</option>
<option value="fib.go">Fibonacci Closure</option>
<option value="peano.go">Peano Integers</option>
<option value="pi.go">Concurrent pi</option>
<option value="sieve.go">Concurrent Prime Sieve</option>
<option value="solitaire.go">Peg Solitaire Solver</option>
<option value="tree.go">Tree Comparison</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="right">
<div id="about">
Go is an open source programming language that makes it easy to build
simple, reliable, and efficient software.
</div>
<div id="gopher"></div>
<a href="/dl/" id="start">
<span class="big">Download Go</span>
<span class="desc">
Binary distributions available for<br>
Linux, macOS, Windows, and more.
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div style="clear: both"></div>
{{if not $.GoogleCN}}
<div class="left">
<div id="video">
<div class="rootHeading">Featured video</div>
<div class="js-frontpage-video" style="--aspect-ratio-padding: 58.07%;"><iframe width="415" height="241" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/ytEkHepK08c" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="right">
<div id="blog">
<div class="rootHeading">Featured articles</div>
<div class="read"><a href="//blog.golang.org/">Read more</a></div>
</div>
</div>
{{end}}
<div style="clear: both;"></div>
<script>
(function() {
'use strict';
window.initFuncs.push(function() {
// Set up playground if enabled.
if (window.playground) {
window.playground({
"codeEl": "#learn .code",
"outputEl": "#learn .output",
"runEl": "#learn .run",
"shareEl": "#learn .share",
"shareRedirect": "//play.golang.org/p/",
"toysEl": "#learn .toys select"
});
} else {
$('#learn').hide()
}
});
{{if not $.GoogleCN}}
function readableTime(t) {
var m = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July",
"August", "September", "October", "November", "December"];
var p = t.substring(0, t.indexOf("T")).split("-");
var d = new Date(p[0], p[1]-1, p[2]);
return d.getDate() + " " + m[d.getMonth()] + " " + d.getFullYear();
}
window.feedLoaded = function(result) {
var blog = document.getElementById("blog");
var read = blog.getElementsByClassName("read")[0];
for (var i = 0; i < result.length && i < 2; i++) {
var entry = result[i];
var title = document.createElement("a");
title.className = "title";
title.href = entry.Link;
title.innerHTML = entry.Title;
blog.insertBefore(title, read);
var extract = document.createElement("div");
extract.className = "extract";
extract.innerHTML = entry.Summary;
blog.insertBefore(extract, read);
var when = document.createElement("div");
when.className = "when";
when.innerHTML = "Published " + readableTime(entry.Time);
blog.insertBefore(when, read);
}
}
window.initFuncs.push(function() {
// Load blog feed.
$('<script/>').attr('text', 'text/javascript')
.attr('src', '//blog.golang.org/.json?jsonp=feedLoaded')
.appendTo('body');
// Set the video at random.
var videos = [
{h: 241, s: "//www.youtube.com/embed/ytEkHepK08c"}, // Tour of Go
{h: 241, s: "//www.youtube.com/embed/f6kdp27TYZs"}, // Concurrency Patterns
{h: 233, s: "//player.vimeo.com/video/69237265"} // Simple environment
];
var v = videos[Math.floor(Math.random()*videos.length)];
$('#video iframe').attr('height', v.h).attr('src', v.s);
// Compute the aspect ratio (as a percentage) of the video
// using the fixed width 415 and the height of the current video, v.h.
var ar = 100*v.h/415;
$('.js-frontpage-video').attr('style', '--aspect-ratio-padding: ' + ar + '%;');
});
{{end}}
})();
</script>

180
doc/security.html Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
<!--{
"Title": "Go Security Policy",
"Path": "/security",
"Template": true
}-->
<h2>Implementation</h2>
<h3>Reporting a Security Bug</h3>
<p>
Please report to us any issues you find.
This document explains how to do that and what to expect in return.
</p>
<p>
All security bugs in the Go distribution should be reported by email to
<a href="mailto:security@golang.org">security@golang.org</a>.
This mail is delivered to a small security team.
Your email will be acknowledged within 24 hours, and you'll receive a more
detailed response to your email within 72 hours indicating the next steps in
handling your report.
For critical problems, you can encrypt your report using our PGP key (listed below).
</p>
<p>
Please use a descriptive subject line for your report email.
After the initial reply to your report, the security team will endeavor to keep
you informed of the progress being made towards a fix and full announcement.
These updates will be sent at least every five days.
In reality, this is more likely to be every 24-48 hours.
</p>
<p>
If you have not received a reply to your email within 48 hours or you have not
heard from the security team for the past five days please contact the Go
security team directly:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Primary security coordinator: <a href="mailto:filippo@golang.org">Filippo Valsorda</a> (<a href="https://keybase.io/filippo/pgp_keys.asc">public key</a>).</li>
<li>Secondary coordinator: <a href="mailto:agl@golang.org">Adam Langley</a> (<a href="https://www.imperialviolet.org/key.asc">public key</a>).</li>
<li>If you receive no response, mail <a href="mailto:golang-dev@googlegroups.com">golang-dev@googlegroups.com</a> or use the <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/golang-dev">golang-dev web interface</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Please note that golang-dev is a public discussion forum.
When escalating on this list, please do not disclose the details of the issue.
Simply state that you're trying to reach a member of the security team.
</p>
<h3>Flagging Existing Issues as Security-related</h3>
<p>
If you believe that an <a href="https://golang.org/issue">existing issue</a>
is security-related, we ask that you send an email to
<a href="mailto:security@golang.org">security@golang.org</a>.
The email should include the issue ID and a short description of why it should
be handled according to this security policy.
</p>
<h3>Disclosure Process</h3>
<p>The Go project uses the following disclosure process:</p>
<ol>
<li>Once the security report is received it is assigned a primary handler.
This person coordinates the fix and release process.</li>
<li>The issue is confirmed and a list of affected software is determined.</li>
<li>Code is audited to find any potential similar problems.</li>
<li>If it is determined, in consultation with the submitter, that a CVE-ID is
required, the primary handler obtains one via email to
<a href="https://oss-security.openwall.org/wiki/mailing-lists/distros">oss-distros</a>.</li>
<li>Fixes are prepared for the two most recent major releases and the head/master
revision. These fixes are not yet committed to the public repository.</li>
<li>A notification is sent to the
<a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-announce">golang-announce</a>
mailing list to give users time to prepare their systems for the update.</li>
<li>Three working days following this notification, the fixes are applied to
the <a href="https://go.googlesource.com/go">public repository</a> and a new
Go release is issued.</li>
<li>On the date that the fixes are applied, announcements are sent to
<a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-announce">golang-announce</a>,
<a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-dev">golang-dev</a>, and
<a href="https://groups.google.com/group/golang-nuts">golang-nuts</a>.
</ol>
<p>
This process can take some time, especially when coordination is required with
maintainers of other projects. Every effort will be made to handle the bug in
as timely a manner as possible, however it's important that we follow the
process described above to ensure that disclosures are handled consistently.
</p>
<p>
For security issues that include the assignment of a CVE-ID,
the issue is listed publicly under the
<a href="https://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability-list/vendor_id-14185/Golang.html">"Golang" product on the CVEDetails website</a>
as well as the
<a href="https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/search">National Vulnerability Disclosure site</a>.
</p>
<h3>Receiving Security Updates</h3>
<p>
The best way to receive security announcements is to subscribe to the
<a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/golang-announce">golang-announce</a>
mailing list. Any messages pertaining to a security issue will be prefixed
with <code>[security]</code>.
</p>
<h3>Comments on This Policy</h3>
<p>
If you have any suggestions to improve this policy, please send an email to
<a href="mailto:golang-dev@golang.org">golang-dev@golang.org</a> for discussion.
</p>
<h3>PGP Key for <a href="mailto:security@golang.org">security@golang.org</a></h3>
<p>
We accept PGP-encrypted email, but the majority of the security team
are not regular PGP users so it's somewhat inconvenient. Please only
use PGP for critical security reports.
</p>
<pre>
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Comment: GPGTools - https://gpgtools.org
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=WE0r
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</pre>

View File

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
# Consult https://www.iana.org/time-zones for the latest versions.
# Versions to use.
CODE=2020a
DATA=2020a
CODE=2019b
DATA=2019b
set -e
rm -rf work
@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ rm -f ../../zoneinfo.zip
zip -0 -r ../../zoneinfo.zip *
cd ../..
go generate time/tzdata
echo
if [ "$1" = "-work" ]; then
echo Left workspace behind in work/.

Binary file not shown.

5
misc/benchcmp Executable file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
#!/bin/bash
echo 'misc/benchcmp has moved:' >&2
echo ' go get -u golang.org/x/tools/cmd/benchcmp' >&2
exit 2

View File

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ case "$FC" in
;;
esac
if ! $FC helloworld/helloworld.f90 -o /dev/null >& /dev/null; then
if ! $FC helloworld/helloworld.f90 -o main.exe >& /dev/null; then
echo "skipping Fortran test: could not build helloworld.f90 with $FC"
exit 0
fi

View File

@@ -21,9 +21,12 @@ func overlayDir(dstRoot, srcRoot string) error {
return err
}
srcRoot, err := filepath.Abs(srcRoot)
symBase, err := filepath.Rel(srcRoot, dstRoot)
if err != nil {
return err
symBase, err = filepath.Abs(srcRoot)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
return filepath.Walk(srcRoot, func(srcPath string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
@@ -49,11 +52,11 @@ func overlayDir(dstRoot, srcRoot string) error {
// Always copy directories (don't symlink them).
// If we add a file in the overlay, we don't want to add it in the original.
if info.IsDir() {
return os.MkdirAll(dstPath, perm|0200)
return os.Mkdir(dstPath, perm)
}
// If the OS supports symlinks, use them instead of copying bytes.
if err := os.Symlink(srcPath, dstPath); err == nil {
if err := os.Symlink(filepath.Join(symBase, suffix), dstPath); err == nil {
return nil
}

View File

@@ -21,9 +21,12 @@ func overlayDir(dstRoot, srcRoot string) error {
return err
}
srcRoot, err := filepath.Abs(srcRoot)
symBase, err := filepath.Rel(srcRoot, dstRoot)
if err != nil {
return err
symBase, err = filepath.Abs(srcRoot)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
return filepath.Walk(srcRoot, func(srcPath string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
@@ -49,11 +52,11 @@ func overlayDir(dstRoot, srcRoot string) error {
// Always copy directories (don't symlink them).
// If we add a file in the overlay, we don't want to add it in the original.
if info.IsDir() {
return os.MkdirAll(dstPath, perm|0200)
return os.Mkdir(dstPath, perm)
}
// If the OS supports symlinks, use them instead of copying bytes.
if err := os.Symlink(srcPath, dstPath); err == nil {
if err := os.Symlink(filepath.Join(symBase, suffix), dstPath); err == nil {
return nil
}

View File

@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ func Test27660(t *testing.T) { test27660(t) }
func Test28896(t *testing.T) { test28896(t) }
func Test30065(t *testing.T) { test30065(t) }
func Test32579(t *testing.T) { test32579(t) }
func Test31891(t *testing.T) { test31891(t) }
func TestAlign(t *testing.T) { testAlign(t) }
func TestAtol(t *testing.T) { testAtol(t) }
func TestBlocking(t *testing.T) { testBlocking(t) }
@@ -92,6 +91,5 @@ func TestThreadLock(t *testing.T) { testThreadLockFunc(t) }
func TestUnsignedInt(t *testing.T) { testUnsignedInt(t) }
func TestZeroArgCallback(t *testing.T) { testZeroArgCallback(t) }
func BenchmarkCgoCall(b *testing.B) { benchCgoCall(b) }
func BenchmarkGoString(b *testing.B) { benchGoString(b) }
func BenchmarkCGoCallback(b *testing.B) { benchCallback(b) }
func BenchmarkCgoCall(b *testing.B) { benchCgoCall(b) }
func BenchmarkGoString(b *testing.B) { benchGoString(b) }

View File

@@ -2,7 +2,16 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build darwin,cgo,!internal
// We skip this test in race mode because, for unknown reasons,
// linking against CoreFoundation on macOS 10.10 causes mmap to ignore
// the hint address, which makes the Go allocator incompatible with
// TSAN. See golang.org/issue/26475.
//
// TODO(austin): Once support for macOS 10.10 is dropped, remove the
// race constraint (and the one in issue21897b.go). See
// golang.org/issue/26513.
// +build darwin,cgo,!internal,!race
package cgotest

View File

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build !darwin !cgo internal
// +build !darwin !cgo internal race
package cgotest

View File

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
#include "_cgo_export.h"
void callIssue31891() {
Issue31891A a;
useIssue31891A(&a);
Issue31891B b;
useIssue31891B(&b);
}

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
// Copyright 2014 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build gccgo
package cgotest
//typedef void (*PFunc)();
//PFunc success_cb;
import "C"
//export Test
func Test() {
_ = C.success_cb
}

View File

@@ -21,9 +21,12 @@ func overlayDir(dstRoot, srcRoot string) error {
return err
}
srcRoot, err := filepath.Abs(srcRoot)
symBase, err := filepath.Rel(srcRoot, dstRoot)
if err != nil {
return err
symBase, err = filepath.Abs(srcRoot)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
return filepath.Walk(srcRoot, func(srcPath string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
@@ -49,11 +52,11 @@ func overlayDir(dstRoot, srcRoot string) error {
// Always copy directories (don't symlink them).
// If we add a file in the overlay, we don't want to add it in the original.
if info.IsDir() {
return os.MkdirAll(dstPath, perm|0200)
return os.Mkdir(dstPath, perm)
}
// If the OS supports symlinks, use them instead of copying bytes.
if err := os.Symlink(srcPath, dstPath); err == nil {
if err := os.Symlink(filepath.Join(symBase, suffix), dstPath); err == nil {
return nil
}

View File

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func TestCrossPackageTests(t *testing.T) {
t.Skip("Can't exec cmd/go subprocess on Android.")
case "darwin":
switch runtime.GOARCH {
case "arm64":
case "arm", "arm64":
t.Skip("Can't exec cmd/go subprocess on iOS.")
}
}

View File

@@ -14,22 +14,15 @@ package cgotest
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifdef _AIX
// On AIX, SIGSTKSZ is too small to handle Go sighandler.
#define CSIGSTKSZ 0x4000
#else
#define CSIGSTKSZ SIGSTKSZ
#endif
static stack_t oss;
static char signalStack[CSIGSTKSZ];
static char signalStack[SIGSTKSZ];
static void changeSignalStack(void) {
stack_t ss;
memset(&ss, 0, sizeof ss);
ss.ss_sp = signalStack;
ss.ss_flags = 0;
ss.ss_size = CSIGSTKSZ;
ss.ss_size = SIGSTKSZ;
if (sigaltstack(&ss, &oss) < 0) {
perror("sigaltstack");
abort();
@@ -62,8 +55,10 @@ import (
func testSigaltstack(t *testing.T) {
switch {
case runtime.GOOS == "solaris", runtime.GOOS == "illumos", runtime.GOOS == "darwin" && runtime.GOARCH == "arm64":
case runtime.GOOS == "solaris", runtime.GOOS == "illumos", runtime.GOOS == "darwin" && (runtime.GOARCH == "arm" || runtime.GOARCH == "arm64"):
t.Skipf("switching signal stack not implemented on %s/%s", runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH)
case runtime.GOOS == "darwin" && runtime.GOARCH == "386":
t.Skipf("sigaltstack fails on darwin/386")
}
C.changeSignalStack()

View File

@@ -115,44 +115,6 @@ int add(int x, int y) {
return x+y;
};
// Following mimicks vulkan complex definitions for benchmarking cgocheck overhead.
typedef uint32_t VkFlags;
typedef VkFlags VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags;
typedef uint32_t VkStructureType;
typedef struct VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo {
VkStructureType sType;
const void* pNext;
VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags flags;
uint32_t queueFamilyIndex;
uint32_t queueCount;
const float* pQueuePriorities;
} VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo;
typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures {
uint32_t bools[56];
} VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures;
typedef struct VkDeviceCreateInfo {
VkStructureType sType;
const void* pNext;
VkFlags flags;
uint32_t queueCreateInfoCount;
const VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo* pQueueCreateInfos;
uint32_t enabledLayerCount;
const char* const* ppEnabledLayerNames;
uint32_t enabledExtensionCount;
const char* const* ppEnabledExtensionNames;
const VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures* pEnabledFeatures;
} VkDeviceCreateInfo;
void handleComplexPointer(VkDeviceCreateInfo *a0) {}
void handleComplexPointer8(
VkDeviceCreateInfo *a0, VkDeviceCreateInfo *a1, VkDeviceCreateInfo *a2, VkDeviceCreateInfo *a3,
VkDeviceCreateInfo *a4, VkDeviceCreateInfo *a5, VkDeviceCreateInfo *a6, VkDeviceCreateInfo *a7
) {}
// complex alignment
struct {
@@ -319,7 +281,6 @@ typedef enum {
// issue 4339
// We've historically permitted #include <>, so test it here. Issue 29333.
// Also see issue 41059.
#include <issue4339.h>
// issue 4417
@@ -563,11 +524,6 @@ void issue8811Execute() {
issue8811Init();
}
// issue 8945
typedef void (*PFunc8945)();
PFunc8945 func8945;
// issue 9557
struct issue9557_t {
@@ -898,16 +854,6 @@ static uint16_t issue31093F(uint16_t v) { return v; }
// issue 32579
typedef struct S32579 { unsigned char data[1]; } S32579;
// issue 38649
// Test that #define'd type aliases work.
#define netbsd_gid unsigned int
// issue 40494
// Inconsistent handling of tagged enum and union types.
enum Enum40494 { X_40494 };
union Union40494 { int x; };
void issue40494(enum Enum40494 e, union Union40494* up) {}
*/
import "C"
@@ -1047,55 +993,10 @@ type Context struct {
}
func benchCgoCall(b *testing.B) {
b.Run("add-int", func(b *testing.B) {
const x = C.int(2)
const y = C.int(3)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
C.add(x, y)
}
})
b.Run("one-pointer", func(b *testing.B) {
var a0 C.VkDeviceCreateInfo
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
C.handleComplexPointer(&a0)
}
})
b.Run("eight-pointers", func(b *testing.B) {
var a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7 C.VkDeviceCreateInfo
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
C.handleComplexPointer8(&a0, &a1, &a2, &a3, &a4, &a5, &a6, &a7)
}
})
b.Run("eight-pointers-nil", func(b *testing.B) {
var a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7 *C.VkDeviceCreateInfo
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
C.handleComplexPointer8(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7)
}
})
b.Run("eight-pointers-array", func(b *testing.B) {
var a [8]C.VkDeviceCreateInfo
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
C.handleComplexPointer8(&a[0], &a[1], &a[2], &a[3], &a[4], &a[5], &a[6], &a[7])
}
})
b.Run("eight-pointers-slice", func(b *testing.B) {
a := make([]C.VkDeviceCreateInfo, 8)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
C.handleComplexPointer8(&a[0], &a[1], &a[2], &a[3], &a[4], &a[5], &a[6], &a[7])
}
})
}
// Benchmark measuring overhead from Go to C and back to Go (via a callback)
func benchCallback(b *testing.B) {
var x = false
const x = C.int(2)
const y = C.int(3)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
nestedCall(func() { x = true })
}
if !x {
b.Fatal("nestedCall was not invoked")
C.add(x, y)
}
}
@@ -2049,20 +1950,11 @@ func test27660(t *testing.T) {
// increase the likelihood that the race described in #27660
// results in corruption of ThreadSanitizer's internal state
// and thus an assertion failure or segfault.
i := 0
for ctx.Err() == nil {
j := rand.Intn(100)
locks[j].Lock()
ints[j]++
locks[j].Unlock()
// needed for gccgo, to avoid creation of an
// unpreemptible "fast path" in this loop. Choice
// of (1<<24) is somewhat arbitrary.
if i%(1<<24) == 0 {
runtime.Gosched()
}
i++
}
}()
time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
@@ -2203,18 +2095,3 @@ func test32579(t *testing.T) {
t.Errorf("&s[0].data[0] failed: got %d, want %d", s[0].data[0], 1)
}
}
// issue 38649
var issue38649 C.netbsd_gid = 42
// issue 39877
var issue39877 *C.void = nil
// issue 40494
// No runtime test; just make sure it compiles.
func Issue40494() {
C.issue40494(C.enum_Enum40494(C.X_40494), (*C.union_Union40494)(nil))
}

View File

@@ -2,6 +2,14 @@
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// See issue21897.go and golang.org/issue/26475 for why this is
// skipped in race mode.
//
// TODO(austin): Once support for macOS 10.10 is dropped, remove the
// race constraint. See golang.org/issue/26513.
// +build !race
package cgotest
import (

View File

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ package issue24161e0
#include <TargetConditionals.h>
#include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
#include <Security/Security.h>
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 0 && __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED < 101200
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 0 && __ENVIRONMENT_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED__ < 101200
typedef CFStringRef SecKeyAlgorithm;
static CFDataRef SecKeyCreateSignature(SecKeyRef key, SecKeyAlgorithm algorithm, CFDataRef dataToSign, CFErrorRef *error){return NULL;}
#define kSecKeyAlgorithmECDSASignatureDigestX962SHA1 foo()

View File

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ package issue24161e1
#include <TargetConditionals.h>
#include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
#include <Security/Security.h>
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 0 && __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED < 101200
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 0 && __ENVIRONMENT_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED__ < 101200
typedef CFStringRef SecKeyAlgorithm;
static CFDataRef SecKeyCreateSignature(SecKeyRef key, SecKeyAlgorithm algorithm, CFDataRef dataToSign, CFErrorRef *error){return NULL;}
#define kSecKeyAlgorithmECDSASignatureDigestX962SHA1 foo()

View File

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ package issue24161e2
#include <TargetConditionals.h>
#include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
#include <Security/Security.h>
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 0 && __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED < 101200
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 0 && __ENVIRONMENT_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED__ < 101200
typedef CFStringRef SecKeyAlgorithm;
static CFDataRef SecKeyCreateSignature(SecKeyRef key, SecKeyAlgorithm algorithm, CFDataRef dataToSign, CFErrorRef *error){return NULL;}
#define kSecKeyAlgorithmECDSASignatureDigestX962SHA1 foo()

View File

@@ -5,4 +5,3 @@
// This is the relevant part of EGL/egl.h.
typedef void *EGLDisplay;
typedef void *EGLConfig;

View File

@@ -13,9 +13,5 @@ import (
)
func Test27054(t *testing.T) {
var (
// Note: 0, not nil. That makes sure we use uintptr for these types.
_ C.EGLDisplay = 0
_ C.EGLConfig = 0
)
var _ C.EGLDisplay = 0 // Note: 0, not nil. That makes sure we use uintptr for this type.
}

View File

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ package issue9026
// per-package counter used to create fresh identifiers.
/*
typedef struct { int i; } git_merge_file_input;
typedef struct {} git_merge_file_input;
typedef struct { int j; } git_merge_file_options;
typedef struct {} git_merge_file_options;
void git_merge_file(
git_merge_file_input *in,
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func Test(t *testing.T) {
// Brittle: the assertion may fail spuriously when the algorithm
// changes, but should remain stable otherwise.
got := fmt.Sprintf("%T %T", in, opts)
want := "issue9026._Ctype_struct___0 *issue9026._Ctype_struct___1"
want := "issue9026._Ctype_struct___0 *issue9026._Ctype_struct___0"
if got != want {
t.Errorf("Non-deterministic type names: got %s, want %s", got, want)
}

View File

@@ -83,18 +83,33 @@ extern void f7665(void);
void issue7978cb(void);
#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__arm__)
// on Darwin/ARM, libSystem doesn't provide implementation of the __sync_fetch_and_add
// primitive, and although gcc supports it, it doesn't inline its definition.
// Clang could inline its definition, so we require clang on Darwin/ARM.
#if defined(__clang__)
#define HAS_SYNC_FETCH_AND_ADD 1
#else
#define HAS_SYNC_FETCH_AND_ADD 0
#endif
#else
#define HAS_SYNC_FETCH_AND_ADD 1
#endif
// use ugly atomic variable sync since that doesn't require calling back into
// Go code or OS dependencies
static void issue7978c(uint32_t *sync) {
while(__atomic_load_n(sync, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST) != 0)
#if HAS_SYNC_FETCH_AND_ADD
while(__sync_fetch_and_add(sync, 0) != 0)
;
__atomic_add_fetch(sync, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
while(__atomic_load_n(sync, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST) != 2)
__sync_fetch_and_add(sync, 1);
while(__sync_fetch_and_add(sync, 0) != 2)
;
issue7978cb();
__atomic_add_fetch(sync, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
while(__atomic_load_n(sync, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST) != 6)
__sync_fetch_and_add(sync, 1);
while(__sync_fetch_and_add(sync, 0) != 6)
;
#endif
}
// issue 8331 part 2 - part 1 in test.go
@@ -102,33 +117,12 @@ static void issue7978c(uint32_t *sync) {
// #include'd twice. No runtime test; just make sure it compiles.
#include "issue8331.h"
// issue 8945
typedef void (*PFunc8945)();
extern PFunc8945 func8945; // definition is in test.go
// issue 20910
void callMulti(void);
// issue 28772 part 2 - part 1 in issuex.go
#define issue28772Constant2 2
// issue 31891
typedef struct {
long obj;
} Issue31891A;
typedef struct {
long obj;
} Issue31891B;
void callIssue31891(void);
typedef struct {
int i;
} Issue38408, *PIssue38408;
*/
import "C"
@@ -164,7 +158,7 @@ func Add(x int) {
}
func testCthread(t *testing.T) {
if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" && runtime.GOARCH == "arm64" {
if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" && (runtime.GOARCH == "arm" || runtime.GOARCH == "arm64") {
t.Skip("the iOS exec wrapper is unable to properly handle the panic from Add")
}
sum.i = 0
@@ -502,6 +496,9 @@ func test7978(t *testing.T) {
if runtime.Compiler == "gccgo" {
t.Skip("gccgo can not do stack traces of C code")
}
if C.HAS_SYNC_FETCH_AND_ADD == 0 {
t.Skip("clang required for __sync_fetch_and_add support on darwin/arm")
}
debug.SetTraceback("2")
issue7978sync = 0
go issue7978go()
@@ -524,13 +521,6 @@ func test7978(t *testing.T) {
var issue8331Var C.issue8331
// issue 8945
//export Test8945
func Test8945() {
_ = C.func8945
}
// issue 20910
//export multi
@@ -545,20 +535,3 @@ func test20910(t *testing.T) {
// issue 28772 part 2
const issue28772Constant2 = C.issue28772Constant2
// issue 31891
//export useIssue31891A
func useIssue31891A(c *C.Issue31891A) {}
//export useIssue31891B
func useIssue31891B(c *C.Issue31891B) {}
func test31891(t *testing.T) {
C.callIssue31891()
}
// issue 38408
// A typedef pointer can be used as the element type.
// No runtime test; just make sure it compiles.
var _ C.PIssue38408 = &C.Issue38408{i: 1}

View File

@@ -36,21 +36,14 @@ thread(void *p)
import "C"
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"time"
)
func main() {
start := time.Now()
// ensure that we can function normally
var v [][]byte
for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
time.Sleep(10 * time.Microsecond)
v = append(v, make([]byte, 64<<10))
}
fmt.Printf("ok\t%s\t%s\n", filepath.Base(os.Args[0]), time.Since(start).Round(time.Millisecond))
}

View File

@@ -36,10 +36,7 @@ var exeSuffix string
var GOOS, GOARCH, GOPATH string
var libgodir string
var testWork bool // If true, preserve temporary directories.
func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
flag.BoolVar(&testWork, "testwork", false, "if true, log and preserve the test's temporary working directory")
flag.Parse()
if testing.Short() && os.Getenv("GO_BUILDER_NAME") == "" {
fmt.Printf("SKIP - short mode and $GO_BUILDER_NAME not set\n")
@@ -57,11 +54,7 @@ func testMain(m *testing.M) int {
if err != nil {
log.Panic(err)
}
if testWork {
log.Println(GOPATH)
} else {
defer os.RemoveAll(GOPATH)
}
defer os.RemoveAll(GOPATH)
os.Setenv("GOPATH", GOPATH)
// Copy testdata into GOPATH/src/testarchive, along with a go.mod file
@@ -134,7 +127,7 @@ func testMain(m *testing.M) int {
} else {
switch GOOS {
case "darwin":
if GOARCH == "arm64" {
if GOARCH == "arm" || GOARCH == "arm64" {
libbase += "_shared"
}
case "dragonfly", "freebsd", "linux", "netbsd", "openbsd", "solaris", "illumos":
@@ -171,38 +164,6 @@ func cmdToRun(name string) []string {
return []string{executor, name}
}
// genHeader writes a C header file for the C-exported declarations found in .go
// source files in dir.
//
// TODO(golang.org/issue/35715): This should be simpler.
func genHeader(t *testing.T, header, dir string) {
t.Helper()
// The 'cgo' command generates a number of additional artifacts,
// but we're only interested in the header.
// Shunt the rest of the outputs to a temporary directory.
objDir, err := ioutil.TempDir(GOPATH, "_obj")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
defer os.RemoveAll(objDir)
files, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(dir, "*.go"))
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
cmd := exec.Command("go", "tool", "cgo",
"-objdir", objDir,
"-exportheader", header)
cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, files...)
t.Log(cmd.Args)
if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
t.Logf("%s", out)
t.Fatal(err)
}
}
func testInstall(t *testing.T, exe, libgoa, libgoh string, buildcmd ...string) {
t.Helper()
cmd := exec.Command(buildcmd[0], buildcmd[1:]...)
@@ -211,12 +172,10 @@ func testInstall(t *testing.T, exe, libgoa, libgoh string, buildcmd ...string) {
t.Logf("%s", out)
t.Fatal(err)
}
if !testWork {
defer func() {
os.Remove(libgoa)
os.Remove(libgoh)
}()
}
defer func() {
os.Remove(libgoa)
os.Remove(libgoh)
}()
ccArgs := append(cc, "-o", exe, "main.c")
if GOOS == "windows" {
@@ -232,9 +191,7 @@ func testInstall(t *testing.T, exe, libgoa, libgoh string, buildcmd ...string) {
t.Logf("%s", out)
t.Fatal(err)
}
if !testWork {
defer os.Remove(exe)
}
defer os.Remove(exe)
binArgs := append(cmdToRun(exe), "arg1", "arg2")
cmd = exec.Command(binArgs[0], binArgs[1:]...)
@@ -270,27 +227,17 @@ func checkLineComments(t *testing.T, hdrname string) {
}
func TestInstall(t *testing.T) {
if !testWork {
defer os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}
defer os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
libgoa := "libgo.a"
if runtime.Compiler == "gccgo" {
libgoa = "liblibgo.a"
}
// Generate the p.h header file.
//
// 'go install -i -buildmode=c-archive ./libgo' would do that too, but that
// would also attempt to install transitive standard-library dependencies to
// GOROOT, and we cannot assume that GOROOT is writable. (A non-root user may
// be running this test in a GOROOT owned by root.)
genHeader(t, "p.h", "./p")
testInstall(t, "./testp1"+exeSuffix,
filepath.Join(libgodir, libgoa),
filepath.Join(libgodir, "libgo.h"),
"go", "install", "-buildmode=c-archive", "./libgo")
"go", "install", "-i", "-buildmode=c-archive", "./libgo")
// Test building libgo other than installing it.
// Header files are now present.
@@ -305,21 +252,19 @@ func TestEarlySignalHandler(t *testing.T) {
switch GOOS {
case "darwin":
switch GOARCH {
case "arm64":
case "arm", "arm64":
t.Skipf("skipping on %s/%s; see https://golang.org/issue/13701", GOOS, GOARCH)
}
case "windows":
t.Skip("skipping signal test on Windows")
}
if !testWork {
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo2.a")
os.Remove("libgo2.h")
os.Remove("testp")
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
}
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo2.a")
os.Remove("libgo2.h")
os.Remove("testp")
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-buildmode=c-archive", "-o", "libgo2.a", "./libgo2")
if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
@@ -337,13 +282,7 @@ func TestEarlySignalHandler(t *testing.T) {
t.Fatal(err)
}
darwin := "0"
if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
darwin = "1"
}
cmd = exec.Command(bin[0], append(bin[1:], darwin)...)
if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
if out, err := exec.Command(bin[0], bin[1:]...).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
t.Logf("%s", out)
t.Fatal(err)
}
@@ -352,14 +291,12 @@ func TestEarlySignalHandler(t *testing.T) {
func TestSignalForwarding(t *testing.T) {
checkSignalForwardingTest(t)
if !testWork {
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo2.a")
os.Remove("libgo2.h")
os.Remove("testp")
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
}
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo2.a")
os.Remove("libgo2.h")
os.Remove("testp")
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-buildmode=c-archive", "-o", "libgo2.a", "./libgo2")
if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
@@ -383,15 +320,12 @@ func TestSignalForwarding(t *testing.T) {
t.Logf("%s", out)
expectSignal(t, err, syscall.SIGSEGV)
// SIGPIPE is never forwarded on darwin. See golang.org/issue/33384.
if runtime.GOOS != "darwin" {
// Test SIGPIPE forwarding
cmd = exec.Command(bin[0], append(bin[1:], "3")...)
// Test SIGPIPE forwarding
cmd = exec.Command(bin[0], append(bin[1:], "3")...)
out, err = cmd.CombinedOutput()
t.Logf("%s", out)
expectSignal(t, err, syscall.SIGPIPE)
}
out, err = cmd.CombinedOutput()
t.Logf("%s", out)
expectSignal(t, err, syscall.SIGPIPE)
}
func TestSignalForwardingExternal(t *testing.T) {
@@ -402,14 +336,12 @@ func TestSignalForwardingExternal(t *testing.T) {
}
checkSignalForwardingTest(t)
if !testWork {
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo2.a")
os.Remove("libgo2.h")
os.Remove("testp")
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
}
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo2.a")
os.Remove("libgo2.h")
os.Remove("testp")
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-buildmode=c-archive", "-o", "libgo2.a", "./libgo2")
if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
@@ -487,7 +419,7 @@ func checkSignalForwardingTest(t *testing.T) {
switch GOOS {
case "darwin":
switch GOARCH {
case "arm64":
case "arm", "arm64":
t.Skipf("skipping on %s/%s; see https://golang.org/issue/13701", GOOS, GOARCH)
}
case "windows":
@@ -519,14 +451,12 @@ func TestOsSignal(t *testing.T) {
t.Skip("skipping signal test on Windows")
}
if !testWork {
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo3.a")
os.Remove("libgo3.h")
os.Remove("testp")
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
}
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo3.a")
os.Remove("libgo3.h")
os.Remove("testp")
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-buildmode=c-archive", "-o", "libgo3.a", "./libgo3")
if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
@@ -556,14 +486,12 @@ func TestSigaltstack(t *testing.T) {
t.Skip("skipping signal test on Windows")
}
if !testWork {
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo4.a")
os.Remove("libgo4.h")
os.Remove("testp")
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
}
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo4.a")
os.Remove("libgo4.h")
os.Remove("testp")
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-buildmode=c-archive", "-o", "libgo4.a", "./libgo4")
if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
@@ -603,19 +531,17 @@ func TestExtar(t *testing.T) {
if runtime.Compiler == "gccgo" {
t.Skip("skipping -extar test when using gccgo")
}
if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" && runtime.GOARCH == "arm64" {
if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" && (runtime.GOARCH == "arm" || runtime.GOARCH == "arm64") {
t.Skip("shell scripts are not executable on iOS hosts")
}
if !testWork {
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo4.a")
os.Remove("libgo4.h")
os.Remove("testar")
os.Remove("testar.ran")
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
}
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo4.a")
os.Remove("libgo4.h")
os.Remove("testar")
os.Remove("testar.ran")
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
os.Remove("testar")
dir, err := os.Getwd()
@@ -649,22 +575,12 @@ func TestPIE(t *testing.T) {
t.Skipf("skipping PIE test on %s", GOOS)
}
if !testWork {
defer func() {
os.Remove("testp" + exeSuffix)
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
}
defer func() {
os.Remove("testp" + exeSuffix)
os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}()
// Generate the p.h header file.
//
// 'go install -i -buildmode=c-archive ./libgo' would do that too, but that
// would also attempt to install transitive standard-library dependencies to
// GOROOT, and we cannot assume that GOROOT is writable. (A non-root user may
// be running this test in a GOROOT owned by root.)
genHeader(t, "p.h", "./p")
cmd := exec.Command("go", "install", "-buildmode=c-archive", "./libgo")
cmd := exec.Command("go", "install", "-i", "-buildmode=c-archive", "./libgo")
if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
t.Logf("%s", out)
t.Fatal(err)
@@ -744,13 +660,11 @@ func TestSIGPROF(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
if !testWork {
defer func() {
os.Remove("testp6" + exeSuffix)
os.Remove("libgo6.a")
os.Remove("libgo6.h")
}()
}
defer func() {
os.Remove("testp6" + exeSuffix)
os.Remove("libgo6.a")
os.Remove("libgo6.h")
}()
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-buildmode=c-archive", "-o", "libgo6.a", "./libgo6")
if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
@@ -786,12 +700,10 @@ func TestCompileWithoutShared(t *testing.T) {
// For simplicity, reuse the signal forwarding test.
checkSignalForwardingTest(t)
if !testWork {
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo2.a")
os.Remove("libgo2.h")
}()
}
defer func() {
os.Remove("libgo2.a")
os.Remove("libgo2.h")
}()
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-buildmode=c-archive", "-gcflags=-shared=false", "-o", "libgo2.a", "./libgo2")
t.Log(cmd.Args)
@@ -830,35 +742,23 @@ func TestCompileWithoutShared(t *testing.T) {
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if !testWork {
defer os.Remove(exe)
}
defer os.Remove(exe)
binArgs := append(cmdToRun(exe), "1")
binArgs := append(cmdToRun(exe), "3")
t.Log(binArgs)
out, err = exec.Command(binArgs[0], binArgs[1:]...).CombinedOutput()
t.Logf("%s", out)
expectSignal(t, err, syscall.SIGSEGV)
// SIGPIPE is never forwarded on darwin. See golang.org/issue/33384.
if runtime.GOOS != "darwin" {
binArgs := append(cmdToRun(exe), "3")
t.Log(binArgs)
out, err = exec.Command(binArgs[0], binArgs[1:]...).CombinedOutput()
t.Logf("%s", out)
expectSignal(t, err, syscall.SIGPIPE)
}
expectSignal(t, err, syscall.SIGPIPE)
}
// Test that installing a second time recreates the header file.
// Test that installing a second time recreates the header files.
func TestCachedInstall(t *testing.T) {
if !testWork {
defer os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
}
defer os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(GOPATH, "pkg"))
h := filepath.Join(libgodir, "libgo.h")
h1 := filepath.Join(libgodir, "libgo.h")
h2 := filepath.Join(libgodir, "p.h")
buildcmd := []string{"go", "install", "-buildmode=c-archive", "./libgo"}
buildcmd := []string{"go", "install", "-i", "-buildmode=c-archive", "./libgo"}
cmd := exec.Command(buildcmd[0], buildcmd[1:]...)
t.Log(buildcmd)
@@ -867,11 +767,17 @@ func TestCachedInstall(t *testing.T) {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if _, err := os.Stat(h); err != nil {
if _, err := os.Stat(h1); err != nil {
t.Errorf("libgo.h not installed: %v", err)
}
if _, err := os.Stat(h2); err != nil {
t.Errorf("p.h not installed: %v", err)
}
if err := os.Remove(h); err != nil {
if err := os.Remove(h1); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if err := os.Remove(h2); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
@@ -882,58 +788,10 @@ func TestCachedInstall(t *testing.T) {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if _, err := os.Stat(h); err != nil {
if _, err := os.Stat(h1); err != nil {
t.Errorf("libgo.h not installed in second run: %v", err)
}
}
// Issue 35294.
func TestManyCalls(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
if !testWork {
defer func() {
os.Remove("testp7" + exeSuffix)
os.Remove("libgo7.a")
os.Remove("libgo7.h")
}()
}
cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-buildmode=c-archive", "-o", "libgo7.a", "./libgo7")
if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
t.Logf("%s", out)
t.Fatal(err)
}
checkLineComments(t, "libgo7.h")
ccArgs := append(cc, "-o", "testp7"+exeSuffix, "main7.c", "libgo7.a")
if runtime.Compiler == "gccgo" {
ccArgs = append(ccArgs, "-lgo")
}
if out, err := exec.Command(ccArgs[0], ccArgs[1:]...).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
t.Logf("%s", out)
t.Fatal(err)
}
argv := cmdToRun("./testp7")
cmd = exec.Command(argv[0], argv[1:]...)
var sb strings.Builder
cmd.Stdout = &sb
cmd.Stderr = &sb
if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
timer := time.AfterFunc(time.Minute,
func() {
t.Error("test program timed out")
cmd.Process.Kill()
},
)
defer timer.Stop()
if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
t.Log(sb.String())
t.Error(err)
if _, err := os.Stat(h2); err != nil {
t.Errorf("p.h not installed in second run: %v", err)
}
}

View File

@@ -21,9 +21,12 @@ func overlayDir(dstRoot, srcRoot string) error {
return err
}
srcRoot, err := filepath.Abs(srcRoot)
symBase, err := filepath.Rel(srcRoot, dstRoot)
if err != nil {
return err
symBase, err = filepath.Abs(srcRoot)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
return filepath.Walk(srcRoot, func(srcPath string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
@@ -49,11 +52,11 @@ func overlayDir(dstRoot, srcRoot string) error {
// Always copy directories (don't symlink them).
// If we add a file in the overlay, we don't want to add it in the original.
if info.IsDir() {
return os.MkdirAll(dstPath, perm|0200)
return os.Mkdir(dstPath, perm)
}
// If the OS supports symlinks, use them instead of copying bytes.
if err := os.Symlink(srcPath, dstPath); err == nil {
if err := os.Symlink(filepath.Join(symBase, suffix), dstPath); err == nil {
return nil
}

View File

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package main
import "C"
var sink []byte
//export GoFunction7
func GoFunction7() {
sink = make([]byte, 4096)
}
func main() {
}

View File

@@ -123,12 +123,8 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
sigset_t mask;
int i;
struct timespec ts;
int darwin;
darwin = atoi(argv[1]);
verbose = argc > 2;
verbose = argc > 1;
setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
// Call setsid so that we can use kill(0, SIGIO) below.
@@ -190,25 +186,22 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
printf("provoking SIGPIPE\n");
}
// SIGPIPE is never forwarded on Darwin, see golang.org/issue/33384.
if (!darwin) {
GoRaiseSIGPIPE();
GoRaiseSIGPIPE();
if (verbose) {
printf("waiting for sigpipeSeen\n");
}
if (verbose) {
printf("waiting for sigpipeSeen\n");
}
// Wait until the signal has been delivered.
i = 0;
while (!sigpipeSeen) {
ts.tv_sec = 0;
ts.tv_nsec = 1000000;
nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
i++;
if (i > 5000) {
fprintf(stderr, "looping too long waiting for SIGPIPE\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// Wait until the signal has been delivered.
i = 0;
while (!sigpipeSeen) {
ts.tv_sec = 0;
ts.tv_nsec = 1000000;
nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
i++;
if (i > 5000) {
fprintf(stderr, "looping too long waiting for SIGPIPE\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}

View File

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
#include <time.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include "libgo3.h"
@@ -52,18 +51,11 @@ static void init() {
}
}
static void *provokeSIGPIPE(void *arg) {
ProvokeSIGPIPE();
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
int verbose;
struct sigaction sa;
int i;
struct timespec ts;
int res;
pthread_t tid;
verbose = argc > 2;
setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
@@ -76,19 +68,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
// a non-default SIGPIPE handler before the runtime initializes.
ProvokeSIGPIPE();
// Test that SIGPIPE on a non-main thread is also handled by Go.
res = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, provokeSIGPIPE, NULL);
if (res != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "pthread_create: %s\n", strerror(res));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
res = pthread_join(tid, NULL);
if (res != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "pthread_join: %s\n", strerror(res));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (verbose) {
printf("calling sigaction\n");
}

View File

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
// Copyright 2019 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// Test that lots of calls don't deadlock.
#include <stdio.h>
#include "libgo7.h"
int main() {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
GoFunction7();
}
return 0;
}

View File

@@ -103,12 +103,12 @@ func testMain(m *testing.M) int {
// TODO(crawshaw): can we do better?
cc = append(cc, []string{"-framework", "CoreFoundation", "-framework", "Foundation"}...)
case "android":
cc = append(cc, "-pie")
cc = append(cc, "-pie", "-fuse-ld=gold")
}
libgodir := GOOS + "_" + GOARCH
switch GOOS {
case "darwin":
if GOARCH == "arm64" {
if GOARCH == "arm" || GOARCH == "arm64" {
libgodir += "_shared"
}
case "dragonfly", "freebsd", "linux", "netbsd", "openbsd", "solaris", "illumos":
@@ -130,6 +130,8 @@ func testMain(m *testing.M) int {
defer os.RemoveAll(GOPATH)
os.Setenv("GOPATH", GOPATH)
// Copy testdata into GOPATH/src/testarchive, along with a go.mod file
// declaring the same path.
modRoot := filepath.Join(GOPATH, "src", "testcshared")
if err := overlayDir(modRoot, "testdata"); err != nil {
log.Panic(err)
@@ -255,38 +257,14 @@ func runCC(t *testing.T, args ...string) string {
}
func createHeaders() error {
// The 'cgo' command generates a number of additional artifacts,
// but we're only interested in the header.
// Shunt the rest of the outputs to a temporary directory.
objDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "testcshared_obj")
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer os.RemoveAll(objDir)
// Generate a C header file for p, which is a non-main dependency
// of main package libgo.
//
// TODO(golang.org/issue/35715): This should be simpler.
args := []string{"go", "tool", "cgo",
"-objdir", objDir,
"-exportheader", "p.h",
filepath.Join(".", "p", "p.go")}
args := []string{"go", "install", "-i", "-buildmode=c-shared",
"-installsuffix", "testcshared", "./libgo"}
cmd := exec.Command(args[0], args[1:]...)
out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("command failed: %v\n%v\n%s\n", args, err, out)
}
// Generate a C header file for libgo itself.
args = []string{"go", "install", "-buildmode=c-shared",
"-installsuffix", "testcshared", "./libgo"}
cmd = exec.Command(args[0], args[1:]...)
out, err = cmd.CombinedOutput()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("command failed: %v\n%v\n%s\n", args, err, out)
}
args = []string{"go", "build", "-buildmode=c-shared",
"-installsuffix", "testcshared",
"-o", libgoname,
@@ -544,7 +522,7 @@ func TestPIE(t *testing.T) {
}
}
// Test that installing a second time recreates the header file.
// Test that installing a second time recreates the header files.
func TestCachedInstall(t *testing.T) {
tmpdir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "cshared")
if err != nil {
@@ -558,7 +536,7 @@ func TestCachedInstall(t *testing.T) {
env := append(os.Environ(), "GOPATH="+tmpdir, "GOBIN="+filepath.Join(tmpdir, "bin"))
buildcmd := []string{"go", "install", "-x", "-buildmode=c-shared", "-installsuffix", "testcshared", "./libgo"}
buildcmd := []string{"go", "install", "-x", "-i", "-buildmode=c-shared", "-installsuffix", "testcshared", "./libgo"}
cmd := exec.Command(buildcmd[0], buildcmd[1:]...)
cmd.Dir = filepath.Join(tmpdir, "src", "testcshared")
@@ -599,10 +577,16 @@ func TestCachedInstall(t *testing.T) {
if libgoh == "" {
t.Fatal("libgo.h not installed")
}
if ph == "" {
t.Fatal("p.h not installed")
}
if err := os.Remove(libgoh); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if err := os.Remove(ph); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
cmd = exec.Command(buildcmd[0], buildcmd[1:]...)
cmd.Dir = filepath.Join(tmpdir, "src", "testcshared")
@@ -617,6 +601,9 @@ func TestCachedInstall(t *testing.T) {
if _, err := os.Stat(libgoh); err != nil {
t.Errorf("libgo.h not installed in second run: %v", err)
}
if _, err := os.Stat(ph); err != nil {
t.Errorf("p.h not installed in second run: %v", err)
}
}
// copyFile copies src to dst.

View File

@@ -21,9 +21,12 @@ func overlayDir(dstRoot, srcRoot string) error {
return err
}
srcRoot, err := filepath.Abs(srcRoot)
symBase, err := filepath.Rel(srcRoot, dstRoot)
if err != nil {
return err
symBase, err = filepath.Abs(srcRoot)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
return filepath.Walk(srcRoot, func(srcPath string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
@@ -49,11 +52,11 @@ func overlayDir(dstRoot, srcRoot string) error {
// Always copy directories (don't symlink them).
// If we add a file in the overlay, we don't want to add it in the original.
if info.IsDir() {
return os.MkdirAll(dstPath, perm|0200)
return os.Mkdir(dstPath, perm)
}
// If the OS supports symlinks, use them instead of copying bytes.
if err := os.Symlink(srcPath, dstPath); err == nil {
if err := os.Symlink(filepath.Join(symBase, suffix), dstPath); err == nil {
return nil
}

24
misc/cgo/testgodefs/test.bash Executable file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright 2014 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
# license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
# We are testing cgo -godefs, which translates Go files that use
# import "C" into Go files with Go definitions of types defined in the
# import "C" block. Add more tests here.
FILE_PREFIXES="anonunion issue8478 fieldtypedef"
cd testdata
RM=
for FP in $FILE_PREFIXES
do
go tool cgo -godefs -srcdir . ${FP}.go > ${FP}_defs.go
RM="${RM} ${FP}_defs.go"
done
go build -o testgodefs . && ./testgodefs
EXIT=$?
rm -rf _obj testgodefs ${RM}
exit $EXIT

View File

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
// Copyright 2020 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
//
// +build ignore
package main
/*
typedef struct A A;
typedef struct {
struct A *next;
struct A **prev;
} N;
struct A
{
N n;
};
typedef struct B
{
A* a;
} B;
*/
import "C"
type N C.N
type A C.A
type B C.B

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